Circles  With center at O, the angle subtended by

the chord AB at the center is  such that

 It is the locus of a point which moves in
AB2  2r 2  2r 2 cos 
such a way that its distance from a fixed
 Foot of the perpendicular dropped on to
point is constant. Fixed point is called
any chord from the center bisects the
the center and the constant distance is
chord (So the line joining the midpoint
called the radius of the circle
of any chord and the center of the circle
is always perpendicular to the chord )
r  All chords of same length in a circle are
O
at the same distance from the center
 Angle in a semicircle is a right angle
C
 In x-y plane the equation of the circle
with center at ( xo , yo ) and radius ‘r’ is
( x  xo )2  ( y  yo )2  r 2 A B

 In 3D Cartesian space the equation of

the circle with center at ( xo , yo , zo ) and
radius ‘r’ is  Sum of opposite angles of a cyclic
( x  xo )  ( y  yo )  ( z  zo )  r
2 2 2 2
quadrilateral is 180o
 Nomenclature in this topic  The angle subtended by an arc of the
Chord circle at the center is twice the angle
subtended by it at any point on the
Diameter
remaining part of the circle
Se c a
nt Q arc
c
ar

r
2θ
2θ
Ta

O
ng

P r θ O
O
en

P
s

t
iu

Q
ad

θ
R

 Angles in the same segment of a circle

Central
are equal
angle C D
θ
Q θ
rc
a
or

A B
in

r
M

P r O

With  in radians, length of the arc PQ ,

l  r