Ratios 3

a a
7. 3
is the sub triplicate ratio of
b b
 Ratio is defined for the quantities of same
a c
units 8. Iff  them for any k=1,2,3………,
 Ratio of two quantities a and b is the b d
a a  kc
fraction
a
which is also written as a:b 
b b b  kd
 In the ratio a:b, a is called the antecedent a c
9. Iff  them for any k=1,2,3………,
and b the consequent b d
 Equality of two ratios is called the a a  kc

a c b b  kd
proportion  represented as a:b::c:d. a
b d 10. If  1 for every positive k, then
 Here a and d are extremes and b and c are b
means ak a

 In a proportion product of means is equal bk b
to product of extremes b  c  a  d 11. If
a
 1 for every positive k, then
 In this d is called the fourth proportional to b
abc ak a

 In a:b=b:c implies b2  ac , in this b is bk b
mean proportional and c is called third a c
12. Given two ratios and ,
proportional to a and b b d
Properties of ratios ac a a c
 if 
1. The value of a ratio does not change bd b b d
when both are scaled by same quantity ac a a c
 if 
a c bd b b d
2. The ratio of two fractions and ,
b d
a a c e
13. Given , and are different ratios
b  ad . b d f
c b c ace
d then the value of lies in
bd  f
3. Product of two or more ratios is called
between the lowest and highest of the
compounded ratio
ratios.
a2 a 14. When N items are divided in to two in
4. 2
is the duplicate ratio of
b b a
3 the ratio a:b, one part contains N 
a
5. 3 is the duplicate ratio of
a ab
b b b
the other part contains N  .
a a ab
6. is the sub duplicate ratio of
b b
 a c a c in how many subjects did he score more
15. If two ratios and are equal 
b d b d than or equal to 60%.
a b c  d a b c d 8. Rs. 4536 is divided among 4 men, 5
 ,  and
b d b d women and 2 boys. The ratio of share of
componendo dividendo a man, a woman and a boy is 7:4:3.
ab cd What is the share of a woman?

a b c d 9. The concentrations of petrol in three
componendo and dividendo different mixtures of petrol and kerosene
Problems are 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8. If 2 liters, 3 litres
1. If a:b=3:4 and b:c=5:2, find the ratio and 1 litre are taken respectively from
a:b:c these mixtures and mixed, find the ratio
2. If the lengths of the sides of a triangle of petrol to kerosene in the mixture
are in the ratio 2:3:4 and its perimeter is 10. There are 3 varieties of milk A, B and C.
63cm, find the lengths of the sides of the A has 100% concentration of milk, B has
triangle milk and water in the ratio of 2:5 and in
3. There are two types of mixtures of milk C the ratio is 3:8. Using 14 litres of B,
and water. In the first one out of 12 litres 22 litres of C and x litres of A milk with
5 litres is milk, in the second 6 litres is 50% concentration is made. Find x.
milk and 12 litres is water, which 11. If A: B+C= 5:7 and C: A+B=1:2 find
mixture is better in terms of milk A:B
strength. 12. The value of a diamond is proportional
4. A, B and C have 40, x and y items to square of its weight. A diamond broke
respectively. If B gives 20 items to A, he in to 3 pieces with weight ratio 3:4:5
is left with half as many items as C. If causing a loss of 9.4 Lakh, find the value
together they have 60 more items, each of the diamond
of them will have 100 items in an 13. A ratio of working efficiency of A and B
average, find the value of x:y. is 5:3 and that of B and C is 5:8, who is
5. Four numbers are in proportion. The most efficient?
sum of the squares of them is 50 and 14. The ratio of ages of A and B is 3:5, 10
sum of the means is 5, the ratio of the years later it becomes 5:7, what is the
first two terms is 1:3, find the average of present age of B
the four numbers. 15. The ratio of numerator to the
6. If a3  b3 : a3  b3  133:117 , find a:b 1
denominator of a fraction is , if x and
7. A student has obtained equal marks in 5
history and sociology. The ratio of 5x are added to the numerator and the
marks in sociology and geography is 2:3 denominator respectively then what is
and the ratio of marks in history and the resulting fraction.
philosophy is 1;2. He has scored an
aggregate of 55% marks. If the
maximum marks in each subject is same,