Micro- Tourism

Week 7-8 Module

FIRST AID
help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available.
Basic first aid for bleeding:
HOW TO STOP BLEEDING (from wounds and injuries)
• Ask the injured person to sit or lie down
• Make sure no foreign body embedded in the wound
• Apply direct pressure over the wound; use cloth or cotton pad or your own hand
• Maintain the pressure on dressing for few minutes until the bleeding stops
• Cover the wound with bandage
• For head injuries use same procedure: s place absorbing cotton pad directly on bleeding
wound s apply gentle pressure s place triangular bandage tightly around head
• Seek immediate medical assistance
Basic first aid for fractures:
HOW TO ASSIST PERSON WITH FRACTURES:
• Advice the casualty to keep still
• Prevent further movement of the fractured limb
• Immobilize the injured part with padding, bandages and slings
• If bleeding carefully place padding over the wound to control bleeding
• Seek immediate medical assistance
Basic First Aid for Burns:
HOW TO ASSIST PERSON WHO SUFFERS FROM SMALL AND MINOR BURNS
• Cool the burned area quickly with cool clean and running water for 15 to 20 minutes until
the pain is reduced.
• Remove any clothing or jewelry if they are NOT stuck to the skin.
• Do NOT open blisters that are unbroken.
• Do NOT apply any cream or ointments.
HOW TO ASSIST PERSON WHO SUFFERS FROM LARGE AND SEVERE BURNS
• Do NOT remove any burnt clothing.
• Do NOT immerse large and severe burns in cold water. This could cause shock.
• Cover the area of the burn. Use a moist cloth or moist towels.
• Check the person, and make sure he does not become too cold. Cover with a blanket but do
NOT overheat.
HOW TO ASSIST PERSON WHO IS CONVULSING
• Help the person to the ground and protect head from injury
• Remove any objects nearby to prevent injury
• Let the convulsion end. Do NOT try to stop the shaking.
• Do NOT place anything in the person’s mouth
• Do NOT give any drinks, medicine or food.
• When the shaking stops, the person may sleep. Put person in recovery position and stay with
them until they wake up.
Basic First Aid for chest pain and stroke
Signs of Chest pain and a heart attack
• Uncomfortable pressure or squeezing pain in the centre of the chest
• Pain spreads to shoulders, neck or arms
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Heavy sweating
• Feeling dizzy or fainting
• Nausea (feeling sick)
Signs of Stroke
• Sudden and severe headache
• Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arms or legs
• Dizziness, confusion or blurring vision
• Loss of speech, trouble talking or understanding others talking
• Difficulty walking or keeping balance
• Sudden unconsciousness
HOW TO ASSIST A PERSON WHO IS SUFFERING FROM CHEST PAIN AND
STROKE
FAST METHOD (for stroke)
Facial Dropping- Ask the patient to smile
Arm Weakness- Ask the patient to lift up his-her hands
Speech Difficulty- Ask the patient his/her name
Time to call for help- ask someone to call for help
• The person is most likely to be frightened. Give psychological first aid by reassuring the
person and explaining what is happening.
• Help the person to a comfortable position, half-sitting or lying down
• Ask person to rest and try not to move.

Giving CPR
1
CHECK the scene for safety, form an initial impression and use personal protective
equipment (PPE)

2
If the person appears unresponsive, CHECK for responsiveness, breathing, life-threatening
bleeding or other life-threatening conditions using shout-tap-shout

3
If the person does not respond and is not breathing or only gasping, CALL 9-1-1 and get
equipment, or tell someone to do so

4
Kneel beside the person. Place the person on their back on a firm, flat surface

5
Give 30 chest compressions
Hand position: Two hands centered on the chest
Body position: Shoulders directly over hands; elbows locked
Depth: At least 2 inches
Rate: 100 to 120 per minute
Allow chest to return to normal position after each compression

6
Give 2 breaths
Open the airway to a past-neutral position using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique
Pinch the nose shut, take a normal breath, and make complete seal over the person’s mouth
with your mouth.
Ensure each breath lasts about 1 second and makes the chest rise; allow air to exit before
giving the next breath
Note: If the 1st breath does not cause the chest to rise, retilt the head and ensure a proper seal
before giving the 2nd breath If the 2nd breath does not make the chest rise, an object may be
blocking the airway

7
Continue giving sets of 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths. Use an AED as soon as one is
available! Minimize interruptions to chest compressions to less than 10 seconds.