1.

Stator: The stator is the stationary part of the motor and consists of multiple coils of
wire wound around iron cores. These coils are energized sequentially by an electronic
controller to produce a rotating magnetic field.
2. Rotor: The rotor is the rotating part of the motor. In a BLDC motor, it typically
consists of permanent magnets arranged in a specific configuration to interact with the
stator's magnetic field. The magnetic interaction between the stator and rotor creates
torque, causing the rotor to rotate.
3. Hall Sensors (optional): Some BLDC motors incorporate Hall effect sensors
mounted on the stator to detect the position of the rotor. These sensors provide
feedback to the motor controller, allowing it to precisely control the timing of current
commutation.
4. Motor Controller (ESC): The motor controller, also known as an Electronic Speed
Controller (ESC), is responsible for controlling the operation of the BLDC motor. It
receives input signals, typically from a microcontroller or another control system, and
regulates the current flow to the stator windings based on the rotor position feedback.
5. Power Source: BLDC motors are powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as
batteries or DC power supplies. The voltage and current ratings of the power source
must match the requirements of the motor and its controller.
6. Commutation: In a BLDC motor, commutation refers to the process of switching the
current flow to the stator windings in synchronization with the rotor position to
maintain continuous rotation. This is typically achieved using a technique called
sensorless commutation or by using Hall effect sensors for position feedback.