232661 Assignment No.

1 Biosensors

Question No.1

Michaelis-Menten Lineweaver Burk Curve

hyperbolic curve 0.04000

1/Vo (μmol/min)
160 0.03500
Vo (μmol/min)

140 0.03000
120 0.02500
100 0.02000
80
0.01500
60
40 0.01000
y = 7.1391E-08x + 7.1291E-03
20 0.00500 R² = 9.9793E-01
0 0.00000
-3.00E-03 7.00E-03 1.70E-02 2.70E-02 0.00E+00
1.00E+05
2.00E+05
3.00E+05
4.00E+05
5.00E+05

[S] M 1/[S] M

1 𝐾𝑚 1 1
= +
𝑉𝑜 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 [𝑠] 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

1 1 1
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 7.129 × 10−3
𝑘𝑚
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝐾𝑚 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 × 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7.1391 × 10−8 × 140.270
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

Estimated:
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎. 𝟎𝟎
𝒌𝒎 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓

Calculated:
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟔
𝒌𝒎 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
232661 Assignment No.1 Biosensors

Question No. 2

1 1 1
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 9.9736 × 10−3
𝑘𝑚
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝐾𝑚 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 × 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 11.893 × 0.10
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

Estimated:
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖
𝒌𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟗

Calculated:
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎
𝒌𝒎 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟗
232661 Assignment No.1 Biosensors

Question No. 3

1 1 1
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 1.7085
𝑘𝑚
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝐾𝑚 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 × 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.7528 × 0.5853
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

Estimated:
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟓
𝒌𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟒

Calculated:
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟖𝟓𝟑
𝒌𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟐
232661 Assignment No.1 Biosensors

Question No. 5

1 1 1
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 0.1024
𝑘𝑚
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝐾𝑚 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 × 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.4864 × 9.7656
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

Calculated:
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟗. 𝟕𝟔𝟓𝟔
𝒌𝒎 = 𝟒. 𝟕𝟓
232661 Assignment No.1 Biosensors

Question No. 4
1. Amperometric Glucose Biosensor (requires oxygen): The glucose oxidase enzyme
(GOx) catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone, which is further hydrolyzed
to gluconic acid. This reaction produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a byproduct. The
reaction is as follows:

𝐺𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒 + 𝑂2 → 𝐺𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 + 𝐻2 𝑂2

The H2O2 is then oxidized at the electrode surface, producing a current that is proportional
to the glucose concentration.

2. Potentiometric Glucose Biosensor (requires oxygen): In this case, the GOx enzyme
catalyzes the same reaction as above. However, instead of measuring the current produced
by the oxidation of H2O2, the sensor measures the change in potential (voltage) across the
electrode. This change in potential is proportional to the glucose concentration.
3. Mediator-based Glucose Biosensor (does not require oxygen): In this type of sensor, a
mediator molecule is used to transfer electrons from the glucose oxidase enzyme to the
electrode, eliminating the need for oxygen. The mediator (M) is first reduced by the GOx
enzyme during the oxidation of glucose, and then it is oxidized at the electrode, generating
a current. The reactions are as follows:

𝐺𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒 + 𝑀𝑜𝑥 →𝐺 𝐺𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 + 𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑑

𝑀𝑟𝑒𝑑 → 𝑀𝑜𝑥 + 𝑒 −

The current generated by the oxidation of the mediator is proportional to the glucose
concentration.

Please note that the exact reaction sequence and detection method can vary depending on the
specific design and construction of the glucose biosensor. Always refer to the manufacturer’s
instructions or scientific literature for the most accurate information.
232661 Assignment No.1 Biosensors