BULAD-ON, ELISHA G.

BSOA-2A

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

1. WHY IS QUALITY IS IMPORTANT?

*. Quality helps to boost reputation, and brand value and meet industry standards. Quality control is a
product-based process and quality assurance is a process-based process. The importance of quality
culture is that it lowers employee turnover and motivates employees at a lower level to improve their
daily work.

2. HOW TO MEASURE PRODUCT QUALITY?

*. The quality of a product can be measured by checking its: performance, features, durability,
appearance, conceived quality, etc.

*. You can use various methods to define quality criteria, such as customer feedback, surveys,
interviews, user testing, competitor analysis, and market research. You should also align your quality
criteria with your product vision, goals, and strategy.

3. GIVE THE QUALITY TECHNIQUE

*. There are numerous methods of quality management and techniques that can be utilized. They
include Kaizen, Zero Defect Programs, Six Sigma, Quality Circle, Taguchi Methods, the Toyota Production
System, Kansei Engineering, TRIZ, BPR, OQRM, ISO, and Top Down and Bottom Up approaches among
others.

Benchmarking. Benchmarking is the process of taking performance metrics from the team and
comparing these results to industry leaders. Problems and inefficiencies can be identified and acted
upon. Targets for performance improvement can be devised, planned, and implemented. With target
achievement comes performance improvement and greater knowledge.

Continuous Improvement Process. Continuous improvement process, or continual improvement,

concerns the ongoing improvement of services, products, and processing using the metrics of
‘incremental’ and ‘breakthrough’. Incremental is the process of improvement over time, while
breakthrough is improvement occurring all at once.

The most widely used tool in the continuous improvement process is the PDCA cycle - The Plan-Do-
Check-Act. You can read more about it here.

Statistical Process Control. Statistical process control is a method of quality control that uses statistical
methods to control, monitor, and manage a process. Quality data is in the form of product or process
measurements which are obtained in real-time. Control limits are set. If data falls outside the control
limits, then this indicates variation away from the process standards and reason to search for a source of
this variance.
 Variation Risk Management. Variation risk management is a tool for identifying, assessing, and, if
needed, nullifying unwanted variation in a process. It is a process geared toward the most effective
reduction of negative process variation, given limited resources.

Business Process Re-engineering. The process of business re-engineering involves discovering the
business operations and processes, determining the frailties and inefficiencies, redesigning these
processes to eliminate redundancies, and finally implementing these redesigned processes. Re-
engineering emphasizes a holistic approach; looking at large-scale change that can be implemented,
focusing on business objectives and the processes related to them.

Six Sigma. Six Sigma is a data-driven approach for removing defects in any process from manufacturing
to engineering, product, and service. Six Sigma approaches use two main basic principles: DMAIC and
DMADV. Top-down and bottom-up approach

The top-down and bottom-up. approaches are very effective types of approaches in this the orders are
passed from top officials to lower levels and information is passed from lower levels to higher officials. If
we talk about the top-down approach in this technique the higher officials take a report from the lower
officials about the work and quality measures. On the other hand, the bottom-up approach basically
depends upon the information sharing from the lower hierarchy to the upper hierarchy about the work
done and the quality parameters that are followed by the workers. The main agenda of this approach is
to maintain the quality of the product by cooperating with each level so that a good product is
delivered.

ISO. is the “International Organization for Standardization” a body that gives the certification of quality
to products and also to various types of companies. It is based in Geneva, Switzerland. Every
establishment in the world whether it is a company, an industry, or other firms should have to take the
certification of quality assurance from the ISO. This ISO certification also works as an assurance to the
customer that the product is genuine and safe to consume. The ISO tag is there on every product. There
are very hard formalities that are to be followed to get the status of ISO approved. So this ISO tag is also
a sign of good quality and every industry is running to get this mark to make its product a genuine
product.

Kaizen is an old Japanese technique to maintain the quality of the product, this particular technique
primarily focuses on each individual level of process and includes all types of workers. The agenda is to
impact each level which results in a mass improvement in the whole product. The lower hierarchy of
employees is focused because they are the one who works at ground zero and the top management
provide every type of facility to them so that they work with full enthusiasm also the material which is
used in the product is wisely selected so that there should not be the quality reduction.

4. Differentiate between Quality Performance & Quality of Conformance

*. There are two basic dimensions of quality: Performance quality measures to what extent a product or
service meets the expectations of the customer. Conformance quality measures if processes are carried
out the way they were intended to be carried out. The root cause of quality problems is process
variability.

5. What is quality control & give the types & and explain each type of quality control.

Quality control is the process by which services/products are measured and tested to ensure they are as
uniform as possible and meet a standard. It helps businesses minimize inconsistencies and improve
product quality.

TYPES OF QUALITY CONTROL Process Control

Process control refers to monitoring and adjusting an activity to gain the desired output with less
variation. Process control helps increase business efficiency by ensuring that everything works smoothly
and correctly. An example of a company that uses process control is Simply Lemonade Company. To get
the needed mixture, the company uses process control to measure the specific total of ingredients used
in making the lemonade, like sugar, water, and lemon juice. The process is also helpful in calculating the
needed amount of lemonade required to fill a Simply Lemonade bottle.

Acceptance Sampling Another type of quality control is acceptance sampling. When a company wants to
test the standards of a product, it is beyond impossible to test every product. The volume of the
products might be enormous and the cost unbearable. Acceptance sampling is a statistical measure that
allows a company to ascertain the quality of many products by selecting a few for testing. The quality of
the chosen sample is viewed as the quality level of the whole group of products, hence creating a more
cost-friendly inspection plan.

A quality control chart is a graphic that depicts whether sampled products or processes are meeting
their intended specifications. If not, the chart will show the degree by which they vary from
specifications.

Product quality control. when you control quality, you measure your company's outputs and take
corrective actions if you are not producing products up to your standards. Use the same procedures to
ensure that your production does not endanger the health and safety of your employees and that
consumers can use your products safely.

The four types of quality control are process control, control charts, acceptance sampling, and product
quality control. While a control chart helps study changing processes over time, process control and
product quality control help monitor and adjust products as per the standards. Acceptance sampling is
a unique type that involves a statistical measure to determine whether a batch or sample of products
satisfies the standards.