English Language Arts Grade 9-10

Reading Closely and

Analyzing Text
ELA with Ms. Rosa Maria Aguado
 Lesson Outline
01 Reading Closely and Making Logical
Inferences

02 Citing Specific Textual Evidence in a

Text

03 Determining Central Ideas or Themes

in a Text

04 Analyzing the Development of Central

Ideas or Themes

05 Summarizing Key Supporting Details

and Ideas
 Close Reading and its
Purpose
Close reading is an essential skill that we develop as readers to
gain a deeper understanding of a text. It involves carefully
examining a passage, poem, or any written work to uncover its
layers of meaning, subtle nuances, and the author's purpose.

Close reading helps us understand the author's intentions,

uncover hidden meanings, and develop our own interpretations of
the text. It allows us to explore different perspectives, question
assumptions, and analyze the text's structure and organization.

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 01 Reading Closely and Making Logical Inferences
 Close Reading Strategies
Identify key details
and evidence
Look for patterns, repetitions, or
contrasts that might provide clues to
the author's intentions.
Pay attention to specific words,
phrases, or descriptions that carry
significant meaning or symbolism.
Reading Closely and Analyzing Text
Author's tone and
word choice
Consider the emotions conveyed by
the author's language and how they
contribute to the overall message.
Analyze the connotations of certain
words and their impact on the text's
meaning.
01 Reading Closely and Making Logical Inferences
 Making Logical Inferences
Making logical inferences from the text is a crucial skill that helps us go beyond what is explicitly
stated and uncover deeper meanings and insights. Here's why making logical inferences is important:

01
Making logical inferences
allows us to uncover deeper
meanings, intentions, and
underlying ideas that
contribute to a more
comprehensive understanding
of the text.
02
Making logical inferences
cultivates our ability to
evaluate information,
consider different
perspectives, and develop a
deeper understanding of the
text and its implications.
03
Making logical inferences fills
in gaps in our understanding
and helps us make sense of
complex information. It
enables us to connect
different parts of the text
and interpret implicit clues.

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 01 Reading Closely and Making Logical Inferences
 Inference-Making Strategies
Infer characters'
thoughts and feelings
Analyze the characters' actions,
dialogue, and interactions to discern
their underlying intentions or desires.
Consider their background,
relationships, and experiences to make
inferences about their behavior.
Reading Closely and Analyzing Text
Author's purpose and
point of view
Reflect on why the author might have
written the text and the perspective
they bring to the subject matter.
Analyze how the author's beliefs or
biases might influence the message
conveyed in the text.
01 Reading Closely and Making Logical Inferences
 Textual Evidence
Textual evidence refers to specific details, examples, quotes, or
information taken directly from a text that supports or
substantiates a claim, interpretation, or argument.

It is the use of concrete references from the text to provide

evidence for the conclusions or assertions made in discussions,
analyses, or written responses.

Citing textual evidence is of great significance as it provides

support and credibility to the conclusions we draw from the text.
As readers and thinkers, it is essential to back up our ideas and
arguments with specific evidence from the text we are analyzing.

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 02 Citing Specific Textual Evidence in a Text
 Significance of Citing Evidence
Establishing
Credibility
When we cite textual evidence, we
demonstrate that our conclusions are not
based on unsupported claims.
By referencing specific examples, quotes,
or descriptions from the text, we show
that our interpretations are rooted in
the text itself, making our arguments
more credible and persuasive.
Reading Closely and Analyzing Text
Demonstrating
Engagement
Citing textual evidence showcases our
engagement with the text and our ability
to comprehend and analyze its content.
It demonstrates that we have thoroughly
read and understood the text, as we are
able to identify and reference relevant
passages or details that support our
conclusions.
02 Citing Specific Textual Evidence in a Text
 Significance of Citing Evidence
Strengthening Logical
Reasoning
Citing textual evidence adds a layer of
logical reasoning to our arguments.
It shows that we have examined the text
critically, identified patterns or
connections, and selected evidence that
directly supports our claims. We provide a
solid foundation for our reasoning and
make our arguments more persuasive.
Reading Closely and Analyzing Text
Dialogue and
Collaboration
Citing textual evidence opens up
opportunities for meaningful discussions
and collaborative learning.
By sharing specific passages or quotes, we
invite others to engage with the text and
explore different interpretations. It
fosters a shared understanding and
encourages critical thinking among peers.
02 Citing Specific Textual Evidence in a Text
 Types of Textual Evidence
Direct Quotes
Use the author's exact
words or rephrase them
accurately to support your
points.
Direct quotes provide strong
evidence when the wording is
essential or when analyzing
specific literary techniques.
Reading Closely and Analyzing Text
Facts
Cite data, statistics, or
facts from the text to
support arguments or claims
related to non-fiction or
informative texts.
These pieces of evidence lend
credibility and reinforce
logical reasoning.
02 Citing Specific Textual Evidence in a Text
Descriptions
Refer to how characters are
described to support your
interpretations of their
motivations or traits.
These details provide insight
into character development
and contribute to the overall
meaning of the text.
 Example of Proper Citing
Citing Direct Quotes
When citing direct quotes, you reproduce the exact
words or phrases as they appear in the original text,
encapsulated within quotation marks.

Example 1: "The sun rose slowly, casting a golden

glow over the tranquil meadow" (Aguado, 23).

Example 2: According to the character's dialogue,

"I can't believe this is happening" (Dubois, 45).

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 02 Citing Specific Textual Evidence in a Text
 Example of Proper Citing
Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is the act of restating information, ideas,
or passages from a source using your own words while
maintaining the original meaning.

Example 1: The author highlights the serene beauty

of the meadow as the sun ascends, creating a warm
and radiant atmosphere (Aguado, 23).

Example 2: In the his words, there is a sense of

disbelief at the unfolding events (Dubois, 45).

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 02 Citing Specific Textual Evidence in a Text
 Example of Proper Citing
Connecting the Cited Evidence
to your Argument
Example 1: The description of the sunset in the
meadow sets a peaceful tone (Aguado, 23). This
supports the theme of finding solace in nature.

Example 2: The character's exclamation reflects

their emotional state and underscores the shocking
nature of the situation (Dubois, 45). This highlights
the theme of unexpected challenges in life.

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 02 Citing Specific Textual Evidence in a Text
 Central Ideas or
Themes in a Text
Central ideas or themes refer to the main concepts, messages,
or recurring topics explored in a text. They represent the
underlying meaning or purpose of the work and provide a unifying
focus throughout the narrative, poem, or play.

Central ideas or themes often transcend specific characters,

events, or settings and offer broader insights into the human
condition, society, or the author's perspective on a particular
subject.

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 03 Determining Central Ideas or Themes in a Text
Explicit Theme
Explicit central ideas or themes are
directly stated or clearly expressed
within the text. They are overt and
easily recognizable, as the author
explicitly presents them through
specific statements, dialogue, or
recurring motifs.
Explicit central ideas/themes are
readily apparent to the reader and
do not require extensive analysis or
inference.
Reading Closely and Analyzing Text
Implicit Theme
Implicit central ideas or themes are
not explicitly stated in the text but
rather implied or suggested.
They require the reader to make
inferences and read between the
lines to uncover the deeper meaning.
Implicit central ideas/themes may be
hinted at through subtle clues,
character actions, symbolism, or
subtext.
03 Determining Central Ideas or Themes in a Text
Identifying Central Ideas/Themes
Examining Conflict
Identify the primary challenge
that drives the narrative or
the main argument in non-
fiction texts.
Consider how the characters
or ideas interact with this
central conflict.
Motifs and Symbols
Look for recurring symbols,
images, or motifs that
appear throughout the text.
Consider their significance
and how they contribute to
the overall meaning or
message.
Transformations
Pay attention to how
characters change, grow, or
develop throughout the text.
Analyze how these character
arcs relate to the central
ideas or themes being
explored.

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 04 Analyzing the Development of Central Ideas or Themes
 Textual Evidence
Summarizing is the process of condensing a longer piece of text,
such as an article, story, or essay, into a shorter version that
captures the main points and key ideas.

It involves extracting the essential information from the original

text and presenting it in a concise and coherent manner.
Summarizing requires careful reading, comprehension, and the
ability to identify the most important elements of the text.

By summarizing, you effectively distill the text to its core

elements, allowing others to grasp the main ideas without having
to read the entire piece.

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 05 Summarizing Key Supporting Details and Ideas
Purpose of Summarizing
Condensing Information
Summarizing allows us to condense lengthy or complex texts into a
more manageable form. By selecting the most relevant and
significant details, we create a concise summary that captures the
essence of the original text.

Enhancing Comprehension
Summarizing requires a deep understanding of the text and its key
elements. When we summarize, we actively engage with the material,
identify the main ideas, and differentiate them from minor or
supporting details.

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 05 Summarizing Key Supporting Details and Ideas
Purpose of Summarizing
Identifying Central Ideas and Themes
Summarizing helps us identify the central ideas or themes that run
throughout a text. By summarizing, we gain a broader perspective
on the overall message or purpose of the text, recognizing the
recurring motifs or concepts that contribute to its meaning.

Reviewing and Retaining Information

Summarizing serves as a valuable study tool. When we summarize a
text, we create a condensed version that we can easily refer back
to for review and reinforcement.

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 05 Summarizing Key Supporting Details and Ideas
 What is an Effective Summary?
An effective summary is concise.
Effective summaries are concise, presenting the main points and key details of a text in a brief
and condensed form. Unnecessary repetition, tangential information, and minor details are
omitted to focus on the essential elements of the original text.

An effective summary is clear.

Effective summaries are clear and easy to understand. They use clear and straightforward
language to convey the main ideas without ambiguity. The summary should be accessible to
readers who may not have read the original text, providing a clear overview of the content.

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 05 Summarizing Key Supporting Details and Ideas
 What is an Effective Summary?
An effective summary maintains objective tone.
Effective summaries maintain an objective tone, presenting the information in a neutral and
unbiased manner. Personal opinions or interpretations are avoided, and the focus is on conveying
the main ideas of the text without adding personal biases or perspectives.

An effective summary is accurate.

Effective summaries accurately represent the main points and key details of the original text.
They capture the core meaning, central ideas, and important supporting evidence while
maintaining the integrity of the original author's work.

Reading Closely and Analyzing Text 05 Summarizing Key Supporting Details and Ideas
 Thank you for
attentive listening!
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