“I find it incredible that there will not be a sweeping revolution

in the methods of building during the next century. A few Non-traditional houses
energetic men might at any time set out to alter all this.”
Identifying non-traditional houses in the UK 1918–75
H G Wells, Anticipations, 1902

“There has been altogether too much buncombe associated

with the factory-built home. Publishers everywhere have Compiled and edited by
accepted too freely the idea of pre-fabrication and have
Harry Harrison, Stephen Mullin,
given it much publicity. Students of the problem should
consider critically what has been proposed...” Barry Reeves and Alan Stevens
John Burchard 2nd, in The Evolving House, Vol. III (A F Bemis), 1936

“Down in the jungle, living in a tent,

better than a prefab – no rent.”
Charlie Chester, Stand Easy, BBC Light Programme, 1946

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 Foreword

BRE is the UK’s leading centre of expertise on the built
environment, construction, energy use in buildings, fire prevention
and control, and risk management. BRE Global is a part of the
BRE Group, a world leading research, consultancy, training,
testing and certification organisation, delivering sustainability and
innovation across the built environment and beyond. The BRE
Group is wholly owned by the BRE Trust, a registered charity
aiming to advance knowledge, innovation and communication in
all matters concerning the built environment for the benefit of all.
All BRE Group profits are passed to the BRE Trust to promote its
charitable objectives.
BRE is committed to providing impartial and authoritative
information on all aspects of the built environment for clients,
designers, contractors, engineers, manufacturers and owners.
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy and quality of
information and guidance when it is published. However, we can
take no responsibility for the subsequent use of this information,
nor for any errors or omissions it may contain.
BRE, Garston, Watford WD25 9XX
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The Building Research Housing Group (BRHG) – a self-help club for innovative and enterprising
social housing providers run by a BRE secretariat – is very aware of the great value of this book
to housing maintenance teams. In fact, BRHG owes its existence to concerns over renovation
problems with non-traditional housing (NTH) in the early 1990s, in anticipation of the ending of
the Housing Defects Scheme of Assistance.
The Group’s inaugural conference in April 1992 began with a discussion on precast reinforced
concrete NTH; this was followed by a day-and-a-half workshop on house reinstatement, which
included a site visit to a BISF house under refurbishment near Swansea. This interest started a
wave of enquiries on NTH, which has continued to this day.
During our early years, we were aware of the large survey undertaken by BRE in the 1980s on
the condition and performance of NTH. During this period, the Group hosted presentations from
BRE experts on the development of its Government-commissioned register of upgraded NTH,
which would serve both as a guide to identification and provide information on whether past
refurbishment work had changed house type identification characteristics. Our members were
among those local authorities and housing associations sent questionnaires to gather data on
type of system, numbers owned and changes carried out and planned.

Tel: 01923 664000 The BRHG membership, over its 12-year partnership with BRE, has always recognised the
enquiries@bre.co.uk benefits of sharing knowledge. In a spirit of pooling expertise and resources, BRHG members
www.bre.co.uk have provided access to properties for investigation by BRE researchers, for example, to
BRE publications are available from:
Reema Hollow Panel houses to measure temperature, humidity and oxygen levels before and
www.brebookshop.com after over-cladding.
or
Consequently, in its recognition of the hard work that has gone into amassing all the detail in
IHS BRE Press
Willoughby Road this splendid book, the Group has enthusiastically sponsored its production. We know that it will
Bracknell RG12 8FB help to answer such questions as whether the repair or improvement of a non-traditional house
Tel: 01344 328038 of any type is possible and can be justified.
Fax: 01344 328005
brepress@ihs.com As responsible housing practitioners, the BRHG welcomes this publication and we are keen to
share these valuable technical details on housing construction, maintenance, refurbishment,
Published by IHS BRE Press renewal and repair. Our aims as a Group are to provide value-for-money through cost-effective
technical solutions and we are pleased to promote this book to those ends.
Requests to copy any part of this publication should be made to
the publisher:
IHS BRE Press Phil Hallman
Garston, Watford WD25 9XX BRE Associate and Advisor to the BRHG Secretariat
Tel: 01923 664761
brepress@ihs.com

AP 294
© Copyright BRE 2004, 2012
First published 2004 as BR 469 Information on the BRHG can be obtained from its website www.brhg.org.uk, which
Digital edition 2012 contains a password-protected ‘members-only’ section, with a discussion forum for
ISBN 978-1-84806-275-7 sharing day-to-day experience on housing technical and management matters.

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 Contents

Foreword vi
The Editors x
Preface xi

Introduction xiii

Acronyms xxvi
For Bucky, Cedric and Peter How to use this book xxvii
Designated defective houses xxx
References xxxii
Further reading xxxv
List of house types xxxvi

PART ONE: METAL FRAMED HOUSES 1

Appendix to Part One: Metal framed houses 211

PART TWO: PRECAST CONCRETE HOUSES 219

Appendix to Part Two: Precast concrete houses 501

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PART THREE: IN-SITU CONCRETE HOUSES 509
Appendix to Part Three: In-situ concrete houses 635

PART FOUR: TIMBER FRAMED HOUSES 639

Appendix to Part Four: Timber framed houses 927

ADDENDUM to the digital edition 937

APPENDICES
A Systems for which information on structure is not available 947
B Systems based on small unit size loadbearing masonry 948
C Rationalised traditional houses 949

INDEX of house names and alternative names 950

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 The Editors
Harry Harrison is a former Superintending
Architect at the Building Research Establish-
ment, responsible for the Construction Practice
Division, including the Housing Defects Unit and
the BRE Advisory Service. He has been heavily
involved in assessing the performance and
durability of all kinds of non-traditional houses
(and, indeed, of other building types) for over
50 years, but with a special interest in metal
framed systems.
Stephen Mullin is a former Principal Architect
in the Department of the Environment, and its
successor Departments. From 1986 onwards
he was responsible for the Department’s pro-
gramme of research into non-traditional dwellings,
and for the technical implementation of the
Housing Defects legislation. He was the DOE
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nominated officer for the research contract
which DOE placed with BRE for this book.
x xi
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Barry Reeves is a Principal Engineer in the
BRE Centre for Concrete Construction. He has
been particularly involved over the last 20 years
with research on the performance and durability
of in-situ and precast concrete systems of
construction, and currently advises owners and
their professional advisers on the condition of
non-traditional dwellings.
Alan Stevens is a former Senior Scientific
Officer with the Building Research Establish-
ment, and has been particularly involved over
the last 25 years with research on the perfor-
mance and durability of metal framed and
timber framed systems. He was the BRE
nominated officer responsible for the research
contract which DOE placed with BRE for this
book.
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In the early 1980s defects in design and con-
struction were discovered in a number of house
types designed and built before 1960. These
were subsequently designated as inherently de-
fective under the Housing Defects legislation.
Although these house types formed only a
relatively small proportion of the entire UK non-
traditional stock (some 1 1/2 million dwellings in
all), lending institutions were concerned that
similar defects might be present in other types
of construction. They recognised that their sur-
veyors and valuers had little or no experience
of the inspection and assessment of non-
traditional houses; since before the advent of
the Right to Buy virtually none of this stock had
ever been in the private sector.
Accordingly, in 1986 the Department of the
Environment commissioned a comprehensive
research programme from BRE, aimed at provi-
ding owners, valuers and building profession-
als with aids to identification of the main types;
information on their construction; advice on their
inspection and assessment; and guidance on
best practice in their maintenance, repair and
improvement.
Some of this information has already been
published, but much remained unpublished or
relatively inaccessible to potential users. This
book seeks to remedy this and make unpub-
lished information available to building pro-
fessionals. It draws together all BRE’s research
and survey experience in this field and is aimed
not only at the private sector, but at housing
associations and local authorities as well; since
much of the public sector stock which would
typically currently fall under review for improve-
ment, because of its age, is of non-traditional
construction. Ill-considered work to such houses,
without proper understanding of the principles
which need to be followed, could lead to much
wasted investment.
The book does not cover flats. Although
Preface
many of the systems described here were used
for the construction of other forms of housing,
and are so noted where this is the case, the
appraisal of multi-storey blocks usually calls for
a different level of expertise from that com-
monly possessed by building professionals
involved in the survey of individual houses.
However, a CD-ROM containing all 82 BRE
reports and leaflets on non-traditional housing of
all forms in pdf format, covering constructional
details, assessments of condition, maintenance
and repair is available separately from BRE
Bookshop (Ref. AP 149). Further information is
given elsewhere in this book.
Also excluded from the scope of the book
are ‘rationalised traditional’ systems, where the
primary structure is of loadbearing brick; or of
blockwork where the size and weight of compo-
nents is such as to allow for the traditional one-
man lift (as opposed to precast panels requiring
a two-man lift or mechanical aids). Nevertheless,
where proprietary names are known to have
been used for such construction they are listed
in the Appendices to obviate futile searches. But
be warned that manufacturers in the 1960s and
1970s often used the same name for traditional
and non-traditional systems. Check with the
Index at the back of the book and the Search
Engine on the CD ROM.
Nor are house types developed after 1975
included. This is because 1974 saw major
changes to the Building Regulations which drew
on the experience of previous years, and also
because very few new systems were developed
after that date. Those that were have been
relatively recent, and there has therefore been
insufficient time to adequately assess their per-
formance in use.
Help us
Nevertheless, the Editors are well aware that
there may still be some house types which do
 Preface
fall within the scope of this book, and may not
have been recorded. In addition, there is
scanty information on many other house types,
either in technical details, or in the form of a
proper photographic record. If readers have
information which could help us remedy these
omissions for a later edition of this book, or for
supplementary information which could be made
available on the Internet, such contributions
should be sent to www.nontradhouses.org.uk.
Acknowledgements
The generous financial support of the Office
of the Deputy Prime Minister and the Building
Research Housing Group is gratefully acknow-
ledged.
The list of people who have contributed to
this book in one way or another is endless, but
special mention must be made of the BRE staff
who either had direct involvement in the investi-
gations of various house types, or made a sig-
nificant contribution to the book:
Alan Butler, Alan Covington, Ray Cox,
Marilyn Edwards, Peter Finch, Ian Freeman,
Eddie Grant, Ken Harling, Ian McIntyre,
Ros Redman, Cy Robinson, Jim Thomson.
Many private individuals and local authori-
ties also generously contributed archive photo-
graphs and documents, technical information, and
news of previously undiscovered house types: in
particular, Michael Dyson, Ronald Green, Dr
Richard Moore, the late Frank Newby, Dr John
Parkinson, the late Sir Philip Powell, Martin Rogers,
Mike Fisher of the Halifax Building Society, offi-
cers from Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool and Ports-
mouth City Councils, and colleagues in the
Northern Ireland, Scottish and Welsh Offices;
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without whose help this book would have been
much the poorer.
xii
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The photograph opposite is by Ian Smith,
and those used in entries T114 and T128 are
by Jon Broome and Terrapin Ltd, respectively.
A number of black and white archive photo-
graphs have been reproduced from widely used
promotional material bearing no copyright ack-
nowledgement, including the annual CIBSA direc-
tories, the IBSAC magazine and National Building
Agency certificates. It is understood that these
photographs were supplied to the original pub-
lishers by the system sponsors, nearly all of
whom by now have been out of business for
many years. Every effort has been made to trace
extant copyright ownerships, largely without
success, and the publishers will be glad to hear
of any inadvertent infringement and will acknow-
ledge the source.
Photographs throughout this book have been
reproduced from the files of Architectural Review
and The Architects’ Journal, by permission.
Preface to the Digital Edition
In preparing the Digital Edition, the Editors have
taken the opportunity to revise and expand
existing entries and to add a number of new
systems which have come to light since the
original publication, These are detailed in the
Addendum to the Digital Edition on page 937,
after Section 4.
They have also noted the growing number
of new non-traditional housing systems which
have emerged over the last ten years as a
result of the Government’s Modern Methods of
Construction (MMC) initiative. While these
remain outside the scope of this book, for the
reasons detailed above in the Preface,
nevertheless building professionals involved in
inspection and assessment will increasingly
need to be aware of the constructional details
of such systems, as properties return to the
market.
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Why 1918? After all, practically every form of
construction used in housing has at one time or
other been seen as non-traditional, from the evo-
lution of the mediaeval timber frame to the
introduction of machine-made concrete and
terracotta blocks and tiles. But before the 20th
Century such changes had been relatively gra-
dual, allowing plenty of time for assessing the
performance in use of materials and components
brought together in a novel and unfamiliar way.
However, when the pace and volume of inno-
vation overtook the timescale needed for evalu-
ation, then housebuilders entered uncharted
territory. So there are good reasons for choos-
ing 1918 as a starting point. But the full story,
of course, begins a little while earlier.
The impact of the Industrial Revolution on
structural innovation is well documented else-
where, most succinctly, perhaps, by R B White 1,
and readers will no doubt be familiar with the 19th
Century use of cast iron to provide prefabricated
buildings, including houses, for shipment to the
colonies. Less well known, perhaps, is the experi-
mentation in concrete construction that occurred
at the same time. The earliest known pair of no-
fines concrete houses, on the Isle of Wight, has
been dated 1852; and throughout the latter half
of the 19th Century and the early years of the
No-Fines houses at East Cowes, Isle of Wight, built by
Richard Langley in 1852.
Introduction
20th Century development continued 2, so that by
1918 it was possible to compile a whole book on
the various forms of concrete construction
available for domestic use 3.
Homes for heroes
It was an opportune moment for such a pub-
lication. The Great War had just ended. House-
building had virtually ceased over the previous
four years, and Richardson and Aldcroft 4 have
estimated that nearly 900,000 new houses were
needed simply to make up the backlog; and over
twice that number to provide for new households
over the next ten years. All this, without taking
into account the need for slum clearance. Yet
Lloyd George had promised “homes fit for
heroes”. How could his new Coalition government
meet the challenge?
Traditional methods of construction seemed
unequal to the task. There was a severe shortage
of orthodox building materials, which was to
continue for the next four years 5. Skilled labour
was at nearly half the prewar level, and union
obstruction meant that progress in training newly
demobbed soldiers was slow. But wartime
growth in the armaments industry had produced
a considerable spare production capacity, along
with technological advances in construction
equipment which could allow the use of unskilled
labour. The government saw a combination of
financial incentives and technical innovation as a
way of capitalising on these resources.
The Addison Act of 1919 introduced gen-
erous subsidies for local authorities, with an addi-
tional financial carrot for houses that embodied
new forms of construction. At the same time, the
Ministry of Health launched a fortnightly maga-
zine 6 which dealt with all aspects of the housing
drive, from the financial framework of the new
legislation, through the model house plans and
housing layouts envisaged by the 1918 Tudor
xiii
 Introduction Introduction

Walters Report, to innovative methods of house- One of the local authorities which made a
building. series of such visits (though not, apparently, to
The task of identifying and approving such the Acton site) was a Sub-Committee of Norwich
systems was entrusted in 1920 to Sir Ernest City Council, who were instructed “to inspect and
Moir as Chairman of the Committee for Standard- report on housing systems that will employ an
isation and New Methods of Construction. The amount of unskilled labour, with the object of
First Interim Report of the Committee in 1924 7 erecting quickly a larger number of houses per
catalogued a bewildering array of proposals, annum than is being erected at the present time” 11.
88 in all, ranging from fully prefabricated house After interviewing a number of entrepreneurs in

types to ingenious variations on standard con-
crete block construction (the latter therefore being
mostly outside the scope of this book). Some of
the systems described would raise eyebrows
today, yet a surprising number of them, like the
Duplex Sheath house (M038*) were actually built,
at least in prototype form.
The first – and last – Duplex Sheath house under
construction.
The systems which emerged during this
period fall clearly into two parts: those (utilising
steel, timber and large component precast con-
crete) which capitalised on skilled workers in fac-
tory and shipyard production, like Atholl (M010),
Dorlonco (M037), Telford (M093), Weir (T137),
Scano (T110), Boot (P026), and Parkinson (P094);
and those which employed a combination of small
scale on-site precast concrete and in-situ concrete
(Duo-Slab (S022), Winget (P137), Fidler (S027)),
or climbing or permanent shuttering for in-situ
concrete (Boswell (S007), Dry Walls (S021),
Easiform (S023, S024), Forrester-Marsh (S030),
Universal (S056)) to maximise the use of un-
skilled labour.
* The numbers after the house types refer to the entries
in the main part of the book.
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Dorlonco houses under construction.
Major cities which had pioneered council
housing before the war were among the first to
adopt such systems of construction, notably Man-
chester, Birmingham, Leeds, Bradford, Bristol,
Liverpool (which also developed its own sys-
tems 8), and, in particular, the London County
Council 9. But other, smaller local authorities
proved equally innovative. Acton Urban District
Council, in West London, driven by an energetic
Surveyor, and pressed with a housing shortage
caused by the construction of factories nearby,
erected 70 Dry Walls bungalows in an unusual
and highly attractive layout.
At the same time, they compulsorily pur-
chased a site in East Acton which they offered as
a demonstration site for new forms of construc-
tion. The Acton site, despite the depredations of
the double glazing salesman, and the recent loss
of a poured concrete house, remains an evo-
cative Garden City reminder of the Ministry’s sug-
gestion that “a visit…would prove interesting and
instructive to those Councils whose schemes are
being delayed through lack of bricklayers” 10.
Parkinson houses under construction.
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London, with whom the Sub-Committee appears
to have been somewhat unimpressed (“The sys-
tem appears to be in its experimental stage and
the Company in its infancy”) they visited Leeds,
Wakefield and Glasgow, before making their final
shortlist.
They identified four house types “the building
of which is on really commercial lines”: Duo-Slab,
Underdown (P123), Winget, and Weir. The first
three, all utilizing a mixture of precast and in-situ
concrete, were, they noted, “not systems of
housebuilding, but of wall building only”; however,
they “find a large proportion of work for unskilled
men”. The Weir house, by contrast – timber
framed and steel clad – “provides a very small
proportion thereof but has the virtue of extreme
expedition in erection…The whole point of Lord
Weir’s scheme is complete standardisation of a
high class rapidly produced product…”
As one might expect from their brief, the Sub-
Committee were divided on the merits of the Weir
house, but recommended purchase of 100 each
of the other three types. Their conclusions seem
not untypical of many local authorities, and it is
difficult to disagree with the view of an American
commentator a decade later that “most, if not all,
of the alternate systems were employed by the
Ministry of Health and the Local Authorities pri-
marily as a club to wield over the bricklayers, who,
aware of the housing shortage and the Govern-
ment program, seemed from time to time to be
on the point of demanding exorbitant wages” 12.
Nevertheless, by the end of the first post-war
decade, when the subsidies payable under the
Addison Act and its successors were finally
phased out, some 50,000 ‘non-traditional’ houses
had been built, all but a tiny minority by local
authorities. And not all of these were low-skill
systems: steel and timber framed houses ac-
counted for over 20% of the total. In numerical
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Duo-Slab houses under construction.
Boswell houses under construction.
terms White may well be correct in commenting
that “the impact on the country and the building
industry of all this pother was relatively slight” 13,
but the wider impact on consumers, producers
and building professionals should not be under-
estimated.
By the 1930s, the idea of cheap, off-the-peg
prefabricated timber bungalows, clad in sheet
materials like asbestos cement, had proved
widely attractive to the general public, par-
ticularly as holiday or retirement homes. Writers
like Clough Williams-Ellis might fulminate against
their effect on the countryside 14, but they did
demonstrate that non-traditional construction
was not only acceptable to consumers, but
could offer definite advantages in terms of cost
and speed of erection. And, at the same time, a
new generation of architects was to see factory
production, and, in particular, the standardisa-
tion of components, as a logical step towards
achieving the social and political goals of the
Modern Movement.
xv
 Introduction
Popular prefabrication, the ‘Cottabunga’, 1928.
When we build again
With the advent of the Second World War, im-
mediate attention was concentrated on the need
for emergency housing, which, it was assumed,
would be needed for the many thousands of
people made homeless by a massive bombing
offensive. In anticipation of this, the British Com-
mittee for War Relief asked Buckminster Fuller to
design a steel emergency shelter, but when the
effects of the Blitz proved far less devastating
than feared the government saw the need for
armament production as more pressing in the
use of scarce resources 15.
By 1942, with the entry of the United States
into the war, attention could now be focused on
post-war objectives. Along with health, education
and social security, housing was seen as a key
factor in reconstruction. With the experience of
the First World War in mind, the Burt Committee
was set up “to investigate the alternative methods
of house construction used in the inter-war years,
and to advise on such methods as might be
capable of application or suitable for develop-
ment in the post-war period”.
As with the Moir Committee, the Burt Com-
mittee was overwhelmed with submissions, 221
in all, and White commented 16 that it might have
xvi
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been better to have examined what had gone
wrong with this catch-all approach some 20
years ago, rather than spend time evaluating
largely obsolete systems. However, the Commit-
tee had learned from Moir’s failure to do much
more than determine whether a system could
actually be built, and, working closely with the
Study Committees of the Ministry of Works and
the Building Research Station, weeded out the
most obviously complicated and expensive pro-
posals.
Nevertheless, by January 1945, Richard
Sheppard could write that “The Tate Gallery, both
inside and out, is crammed with prototypes of
prefabricated systems, and daily more appear
round these damp walls” 17. Sheppard was one of
a number of young architects, like Edric Neel, the
designer of the Coventry Corporation (Radiation)
house (M027), who had both worked on proto-
types and written extensively since 1943 on the
need for standardisation and dimensional co-
ordination, in journals like The Builder, The
Architects’ Journal, and Architectural Design and
Construction 18.
Architects had barely been involved with any
of the Moir systems, but now they appeared at the
forefront of non-traditional design. The star per-
formers on the Ministry of Works 1943 Demon-
stration Site at Northolt 19 were undoubtedly
Frederick Gibberd’s BISF houses Type A and B
(M016, M018), which in the modified A1 form
(M017) were to prove a major player in the post-
war Permanent Prefabrication Programme 20. The
BISF houses were essentially an update of the
BISF Type A1 houses under construction.
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Birmingham Corporation Type ST houses under
construction.
Dorlonco house of the 1920s, much as the Ford
Popular car of 1946 represented a re-styling of a
1939 chassis and road train. The young Philip
Powell had worked on these, and was later to
develop, with the engineer Eric Chick, the much
more sophisticated Howard house (M050,
M051), which contained a truckable 2-storey
kitchen/bathroom ‘heart unit’.
In the event, it was not architects but engi-
neers who, with these notable exceptions, were
to prove the front runners when the Permanent
Prefabrication Programme finally got under way
in 1945. Although major cities like Birmingham,
Leeds, and Manchester once again produced their
own systems in some numbers (Birmingham
Corporation Type ST (M015), Livett-Cartwright
(M059), Riley (M080), and prewar heavyweights
like F R S Yorke, Owen Williams and G Grey
Wornum put forward prototypes for submission
to the Burt Committee (Braithwaite (M021), Wilvan
(P136), Keyhouse Unibuilt (M055)), a fascination
with technical ingenuity tended to result in over-
complex forms of construction.
It was the Working Party on Prefabricated
Housing, set up jointly by the Ministries of Supply,
Health and Works in 1945, incorporating repre-
sentation from the Building Research Station, and
chaired by Professor J D Bernal, which had the
unenviable task of reducing 39 potentially viable
systems of construction to a manageable short-
list of (according to the minutes of the first
meeting) “as small a number of systems as
possible” 21.
Introduction
From the start, there appear to have been
tensions within the Working Party. Colonel Post,
for the Ministry of Works, declared robustly that
“one house in 1946 was regarded as worth two
in 1947” adding that “the scale of output en-
visaged was of the order of 150,000 per annum
of all types of unconventional construction” (in
the event, it never approached more than a third
of that). His colleague, the architect Joseph
Emberton, had different priorities: “Dear
Symon” he wrote in a confidential letter to the
Ministry of Health’s representative “The proto-
type Howard House…was bristling with defects,
and in my opinion showed every indication that
its perpetrators did not know a lot about
building…”
“This is very mild” he commented, before
turning his attention to the prototype Airey
houses (P003), designed by the engineer Sir
Edwin Airey, who had pioneered the Duo-Slab
house in the 1920s. “The…Group…presents
the general appearance of a site covered with
buildings which look as much like home as air-
raid shelters…” However, after a cosmetic
face-lift by Frederick Gibberd, the house went
on, as the ‘Airey Rural’, to be one of the main
workhorses of the programme 22, along with the
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Cornish Unit (P039, P040) and Unity (P127,
P128) houses, both designed by engineers,
and both, like the Airey house, involving small
scale, lightweight, precast reinforced concrete
structural elements.
Wilvan houses under construction.
xvii
 Introduction
From the Airey Rural House Handbook of Erection
Instructions, Ministry of Health, 1947.
Mosquitoes and Mulberries
The wartime need for rapid construction of
encampments for the forces had provided an
enormous impetus to the development of pre-
cision factory casting. Components which could
be ordered from depots around the country, and
moved and placed by two men with little more
help than a small winch-crane and a lorry, proved
ideal for housing, particularly in rural areas. Un-
fortunately, the very advances in technology which
enabled the creation of such components were
later to prove their Achilles’ Heel. Minimal con-
crete cover to the reinforcement meant that the
(then) little understood chemical phenomenon of
‘carbonation’ would eventually significantly reduce
their useful life, though not, it must be stressed,
to much less than the 60 years for which they
were originally designed.
In addition, the construction of the D-Day
Mulberry Harbours provided further valuable ex-
perience. Wates, who were heavily involved in the
construction of the Harbours, used their expertise
to develop the eponymous Wates house (P130) 23,
while the engineers Reed and Mallick, who had
also worked on the programme, joined forces to
produce the equally successful Reema Hollow
Panel (P101) house, the first production example
in the UK of a large panel concrete system.
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Other wartime developments in technology
also had a considerable impact. The develop-
ment of resin-bonded plywood for the Mosquito
bomber and for motor torpedo boats produced,
first, the prototype Jicwood Temporary Bungalow
(T062) and then British Power Boats’ Scottwood
house (T112), of which over a thousand were
built. But the biggest influence of wartime mass-
production techniques was to be, not on the post-
war Permanent Prefabrication Programme, but on
the earlier, and even more vital Temporary Hou-
sing Programme.
By 1944 it had become evident that,
however optimistic the forecast production of
permanent non-traditional houses after the war
might be, it would simply not be in place in time
to accommodate returning ex-servicemen and
war-workers, and those rendered homeless by
bombing. There was also the little matter of a
post-war election to deal with. In spite of
opposition from his Conservative colleagues to
the idea of compulsory land acquisition, Churchill
saw that delivering a programme of instant
‘homes from the factory’ could be a vote-winner.
In a major speech in the spring of 1944, he
unveiled the Portal Temporary Bungalow (M075)
as the answer to the housing crisis. Designed by
the Ministry of Works (MOW), and built from
pressed steel and plywood with an innovative
prefabricated kitchen/bathroom unit, it immedi-
ately caught the imagination of the public. “Mr
Churchill is a great man, he is winning the war, he
lays bricks in his spare time, so this tin-can house
of his must be all right was the popular attitude” 24.
There were, however, a few problems. The
prototype, erected at the Tate Gallery, proved
Reema Hollow Panel houses under construction.
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to be severely prone to condensation in use.
More seriously, the car industry, which had been
earmarked for its production, did not possess
presses of sufficient size to manufacture the
steel panels: the first Portal house had to be
laboriously hand-built, and suitable presses
needed to be ordered from the United States.
Finally, the choice of both materials and
manufacturer did not find universal favour in
the National government: Stafford Cripps, the
Minister of Aircraft Production, strongly backed
the claims of the aircraft industry to carry out
the programme 25. And since Cripps had come
close to tying with Anthony Eden as a
successor to Churchill in a 1941 opinion poll,
his was a voice to be reckoned with.
For architects like Hugh Casson, who had
observed the success of the wartime pro-
gramme of prefabricated housing for war-workers
in the United States, the Temporary Housing Pro-
gramme was a vindication of all they had fought
for. “At this moment when we are embarking
upon the largest housing programme in history, the
full significance of this American solution needs
no emphasis“ 26. Yet, ironically, it was the 850
timber-framed houses supplied under ‘lend-lease’
by the Federal National Housing Agency which were
to prove the only real failure of the programme,
and the only ones to last less than the 10 years
theoretical design life of the 11 house types
eventually chosen for the programme 27.
In the event, it was the Aircraft Industries
Research Organisation on Housing (AIROH) which
was to build nearly half the 124,455 ‘prefabs’
that were eventually delivered before the termi-
nation of the programme in 1948. The ‘Aluminium
Bungalow’ was certainly the most technologically
advanced of all these: factory-built on an assem-
bly line in four fully-finished sections, and fitted
with the MOW kitchen/bathroom unit destined
for the unfortunate Portal, whose fate had been
sealed by the advent of the 1945 Labour govern-
ment, with Cripps as Minister of Trade.
In a rational world, there would have been
but one house type chosen for the programme,
and that would have been the AIROH Temporary
Bungalow (M002). But the fatal British in -
cli nation to have ‘some of this, and some of
that’ triumphed again, as it did in the Permanent
Introduction
Prefabrication Programme 28, wasting the advan-
tages of economy of scale. As a result, the Gird-
wood Committee of the Ministry of Health,
reporting in 1948, found “no evidence as yet that
any substantial saving in cost has accrued from
the use of the prefabricated or non-traditional
systems of construction so far developed”.
In strict cash terms this was correct. How-
ever, were the same study to be done today, it
would undoubtedly also quantify the social and
health benefits, and reductions in loan charges,
that accrued from the 450,000 dwellings erected
under the temporary and permanent prefabrica-
tion programmes in the decade following 1945,
due to speedy access to a decent home 29. An
analysis carried out within the National Building
Agency in 1965 showed that the peak produc-
tion years for non-traditional dwellings – 1947
and 1953 – correlated exactly with the high
points in housing productivity during this period,
measured in man-hours per dwelling per annum.
Seen in this light, the balance sheet might have
looked rather different.
The prototype AIROH Temporary Bungalow is erected in
Oxford Street.
The final solution?
1954 was a high water mark for housing pro-
duction in the UK, with just under 350,000
dwellings completed. From then on, output drop-
ped steadily, before stabilising at a plateau of
around 300,000 in 1960. Yet the need for new
housing was as pressing as ever. An article in
The Times of 2 February of that year revealed
that 90% of the original ‘prefabs’ were still in use,
xix
 Introduction
and a spokesman for Birmingham City Council
spelled out why. There were 60,000–70,000
people on the council’s waiting list for houses
“and in that situation you don’t pull down tempo-
rary houses that are still habitable and certainly a
great deal better than slum property” 30.
Once again, the government looked to alter-
native methods of construction to put them
ahead in the bidding match with the Labour Party
on housing targets. In December 1963, in a some-
what ill-judged turn of phrase, the Housing
Minister, Sir Keith Joseph, announced the “final
solution” to the housing problem. ‘Industrialised
building’ would fill the gap between the magic
figure of 500,000 homes a year, and current
output. A new National Building Agency (NBA)
would issue appraisal certificates for systems
to be used by local authorities, and provide
guidance on their appropriateness for particular
requirements.
In a paper 31 given in March of the following
year, shortly before his departure to the NBA,
Cleeve Barr, Chief Architect to the Ministry of
Housing and Local Government, spelled out the
rationale behind the programme. He was careful
not to promise dramatic savings in expenditure.
“In terms of costs alone it is extremely difficult to
compete with traditional building”. Where these
new methods of construction would score would
be in speed and productivity, helping to offset
any drain of labour from housebuilding to other
sectors of the construction industry.
They would also offer significant improve-
ments in space standards, better heating and
thermal insulation, and greater flexibility in living
areas, since “the majority of systems are linked
with plan types based on the Parker Morris
standards” 32. Understandably, he omitted to
mention that it was his own Ministry which, with
Harold Macmillan’s ‘People’s House’ of the 1950s,
had significantly reduced the (roughly equivalent)
space standards set out in the 1947 Ministry of
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Health Housing Manual.
The fall of the Conservative administration
later that year had little effect on the programme:
if anything, it accelerated its implementation.
Harold Wilson had promised the “white heat of
technology”, and the Industrialised Building
Drive, as it was now called, fitted neatly into this
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scenario, with a new Ministry of Technology
taking the Building Research Station under its
wing. Circular 76/65 in the following year set a
target of 500,000 houses a year by 1970, with
local authorities building 40% of their output
by industrialised methods which would be “ex-
pected” to use plans incorporating Parker Morris
standards.
In reality, ‘houses’ was something of a mis-
nomer. When the NBA started work, practi-
cally the only industrialised systems available
Roften steel framed houses under construction.
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were large panel precast concrete systems
bought in from Continental Europe, such as
Larsen-Neilsen, Camus and Jespersen. The
pattern of post-war reconstruction there had
followed quite a different path from that in the
UK, with high rise construction the norm, and
little interest in ‘cottage’ housing on the UK
model 33, at least in terms of non-traditional
construction.
So from the start the bias was towards high
and medium rise flats, a pattern which was to
continue right through to 1975, even after the
subsidy reforms of 1967 which effectively rang
the death-knell for the tower block, sealed by the
partial collapse of Ronan Point the following year.
The need for large, phased contracts to achieve
economies of scale meant that urban local auth-
orities were locked into programmes of many
years’ duration. The juggernaut, once started,
had acquired a momentum all of its own 34.
However, by 1964 the Ministry had adapted
the Jespersen system for two storey houses in
Oldham, where it was known as Jespersen 12M
(P067), and produced its own steel framed sys-
tem in a team under the leadership of Pat Tindale
(MOHLG 5M (M064)). The appearance of ‘M’ (for
‘Module’) signals a return to the preoccupations
of architects in the 1940s with dimensionally co-
ordinated components. Although a changeover
to the metric system of measurement was to be
many years away, pressure groups like the
Modular Society saw as the next best thing the
adoption of the four inch module, which roughly
approximated to 100 mm.
‘5M’ therefore stood for a 1'8" dimensional
grid, while ‘12M’ (4'0") also related to the stan-
dard Imperial sheet material size of 8'0" x 4'0".
The idea was that components should be readily
interchangeable. Instead of ‘closed’ systems,
where only the system manufacturer’s compo-
nents would fit, ‘open’ systems would allow the
use of a multiplicity of products. The 5M system
was described by the Ministry as a “non-
proprietary system…designed primarily for use
by the smaller builder”, and was derived from
the successful light steel CLASP system of
school construction, initiated by Donald Gibson in
the 1950s.
Introduction
Modules and Metric Shells
Although nearly 3500 5M houses were built
between 1964 and 1970, the system cannot be
accounted a great success. The need to accom-
modate as many alternative cladding systems as
possible meant that, structurally, it was over
designed, and an unnecessarily large number of
joints had to be accommodated, with the
associated risk of water penetration 35. Unkind
commentators have suggested that, like the
later versions of its progenitor, CLASP, the 5M
house could easily have stood up without the
assistance of its steel frame.
Meanwhile, the NBA pressed ahead with the
appraisal of other proposals for two and three
storey houses, paying particular regard to modu-
lar co-ordination and the use of preferred plans.
By 1968 it had issued certificates for 42 sys-
tems, and another 34 were undergoing app-
raisal. Of these, 24 utilised precast concrete, 4
in-situ concrete, 23 were timber framed, 10 were
steel framed, and the remaining 15 were of
‘rationalised traditional’ construction.
This last category was a comparatively
recent arrival. As the name suggests, systems of
this type used traditional masonry crosswalls to
support timber floors and roofs: the factory-made
timber framed infill panels at front and rear were
non-loadbearing. Such house types are therefore
outside the scope of this book, but a list of
known rationalised traditional (or ‘Rat-Trad’) sys-
tems is included in Appendix C. Confusingly, some
precast concrete, in-situ concrete or timber frame
crosswall systems offered traditional masonry as
an alternative, so the name alone will not
necessarily provide identification of the structural
system employed.
The common factor in most approved
systems was the wide range of claddings avail-
able. Walls might be of brick, tile-hung or boarded:
roofs could be gabled, monopitch or flat. This
diversity was deliberately encouraged by the
NBA: they saw a range of choice in terms of
appearance as the best way of extending the use
of non-traditional construction into the private
sector. However, with the exception of most of
the heavy concrete systems, this can make
visual identification very difficult: the same house
xxi
 Introduction
type can appear in a New Town with a flat roof
and simple lightweight cladding, and on a private
estate with a pitched roof and a proliferation of
brick and tile finishes.
One area in which the NBA did not encour-
age diversity, at least in the public sector, was
that of internal planning. In 1968, in preparation
for the changeover to metric dimensioning by
1972, they published a book of preferred Metric
House Shells. The Ministry of Housing’s Circular
69/69 explained why. “This provides an oppor-
tunity, which may never recur, for bringing about
a significant reduction in the great variety of two-
storey house plans used by local authorities…
Variety in house design is of course necessary
for many reasons…But none of these require-
ments calls for the enormous numbers of plans
now in use.”
Once again, cost factors had pointed up the
conflict between the house as a product, and as
a playground for designers, which Geoffrey
Hutton had identified in 1964. “There cannot be
so many satisfactory solutions for buildings serv-
ing as equipment for a task, and our failure to
identify the forms can only be due to ignorance
of the activities involved on the part of both the
client and his architect” 36.
1970 was to see the peak of non-traditional
construction, with 55,701 dwellings completed.
From then on, as the economic situation wor-
sened, production tailed off to less than half that
number in 1975, much of it, as already explained,
consisting of long running contracts. Anthony
Crosland’s blunt comment in 1975, as Secretary
of State for the Department of the Environment,
that “the party’s over” only confirmed what most
local authorities must have known already.
Indeed, the NBA’s appraisal role had been termi-
nated in 1972, and its advisory functions were
now only available on a fee-paying basis.
Nevertheless, by 1975 some 418,000 non-
traditional dwellings had been erected by local
authorities in England and Wales alone, and there
can be no doubt that the industrialised building
drive did make a significant contribution to the
physical improvement of the nation’s housing
stock. The social consequences of an early con-
centration on high and medium rise flats were, of
course, already proving much more debatable;
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not least, as Muthesius and Glendinning have made
clear 37, because of the access they provided to
a rather broader social spectrum of potential
tenants than hitherto.
Partly as a result of this, from 1973 onwards
such public sector housing investment as survived
the economic downturn and the Conservative
party’s return to power in 1979 was mainly con-
centrated on the improvement of existing stock,
while in the private sector the sole relic of non-
traditional construction was to be found in the
limited use of timber frame. Even this was effect-
ively killed off by a scare television programme in
1983. The allegations subsequently proved to be
unfounded 38, but by then the damage was done,
and the idea of ‘homes from the factory’ was to
lie dormant for the next 15 years.
Medway Type I timber framed houses under
construction.
Hindsight
If we had access to a time machine, and could
roam back over the last 50 years, where would
we go? To Sir Ernest Moir, perhaps, to chide his
Committee for their insouciant approach to evalu-
ation? And then on to Sir George Burt, to congratu-
late him on avoiding his predecessor’s pitfalls,
but warn him of the dangers of ‘some of this and
some of that’? Or we might bang a few of the
squabbling wartime Ministries’ heads together,
and suggest that the clear priorities of the Tem-
porary Housing Programme demanded an equally
single-minded approach to production.
We could suggest to enthusiasts for modular
co-ordination that more joints might mean more
leaks; or whisper in Sir Edwin Airey’s ear the
single word ‘carbonation’. And we could warn
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Geoffrey Hutton that his dream of a “completely
finished and equipped building as an end product
from which the first user tears the plastic
wrapping” 39 might be some 40 years away from
reality. Or we might even parade a group of dis-
gruntled tenants before a hapless Keith Joseph,
bearing placards (handily provided by a daytime
television programme) inscribed “Get us out of
this Hell”, and “They call it Alcatraz”.
But, as any devotee of science fiction will
know, dramatic interventions in the course of his-
tory rarely have the anticipated effect. The com-
plex social, political and economic factors which
shaped the evolution of non-traditional housing in
this country were not susceptible to such simplis-
tic adjustment; and, in retrospect, it is probably
just as well that this should have been the case.
For they did produce a wealth of case
studies unique to the UK, from which valuable les-
sons can be drawn. They demonstrated that,
given the will, manufacturers and government can
work together to radically alter for the better our
expectations of what that multi-function living-
machine which we call the house should provide.
And, through a ‘wasteful’ diversity of house types,
they paradoxically ensured that the relatively few
design mistakes that have been made have not
had major economic and social consequences.
In fact, BRE’s research shows that, with these
very few exceptions, non-traditional houses built
since 1918 have performed overall just as well
as their traditionally built counterparts; and that
almost all of them have lasted, or are set to last,
the full length of 60 years set as a loan period for
local authority investment back in the 1920s.
Indeed, they have demonstrated the question-
able nature of such arbitrary requirements, when
it is becoming evident that social and locational
obsolescence is becoming much more of a
problem in housing than physical durability 40.
Now, for the fourth time in 50 years, we
again have a crisis in housing supply, albeit one
that appears to be regionally concentrated. Once
again, we have an undermanned, underskilled
housebuilding industry, with an output barely half
that achieved in the 1960s. And, once more, we
have a determination by the government of the
day to introduce a step-change in housing pro-
duction, involving radical reforms in the design
Introduction
Macrae Plus volumetric timber framed houses under
construction.
and construction chain. What are the chances of
success this time?
Many of the omens are good. Gone is the
obsession with go-anywhere build-anything sys-
tems, whether ‘open’ or ‘closed’. Instead, we see
a concentration on the development of structural
systems in light steel or timber for application to
specific housing types, for which Geoffrey Hutton
called in 1964. Materials are being exploited for
their inherent advantages – steel and timber for
internal planning flexibility and speed of erection,
precast concrete for acoustic and thermal per-
formance – rather than being forced into unsuit-
able roles.
A rational approach to external skins has en-
couraged the development of multi-layered
rainscreens rather than claddings which depend
on the success or failure of a single joint. ‘All in
one’ roofs which allow speedy on-site weather
protection have made an appearance, as have
prefabricated bathroom modules. And, at a
--`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
larger scale, volumetric construction, first pro-
posed by Wells Coates in 1946, and developed
by firms like Calders, Hallam and Macrae in the
1960s, has finally come of age, allowing high
performance factory-finished dwellings to be
erected with a minimum of on-site labour.
On the minus side, there still remains a
lurking belief that the endemic and longstanding
structural problems of the UK housebuilding
industry can be conveniently disregarded; that
‘homes from the factory’ will somehow compen-
sate for the lack of skilled labour. But, as Sir John
Egan has made clear 41, partnering in design,
xxiii
 Introduction
manufacturing and construction cannot succeed
unless the on-site workforce is equally integrated
into the process at comparable levels of skill.
The experience elsewhere in Europe is that
successful innovation requires a much higher
level of education and training than that associ-
ated with traditional construction. Site operatives
need to be able to reach beyond traditional
‘trades’ to embrace a multiplicity of skills, and to
be equipped to take informed decisions at their
own level. And, for government and industry to
make the necessary investment, a continuing
Notes
1 In Prefabrication: a history of its development
in Great Britain, HMSO, 1965: still the classic work
on the subject. [The book is reproduced on the
accompanying CD ROM.]
2 Most notably in the Lascelles post and panel
system, used by Norman Shaw in 1878; and in J A
Brodie’s Liverpool System of 1904. See ‘An early
system of large-panel building’, Richard Moore,
RIBA Journal, September 1969.
3 Concrete Cottages Bungalows and Garages,
Albert Lakeman, Concrete Publications Ltd, 1918.
The first edition leans heavily on American examples,
but by the second edition of 1924 the author was
able to document a wide range of British systems.
4 Building in the British economy between the
Wars, Harry W Richardson and Derek H Aldcroft,
Allen and Unwin, 1968.
5 The Moir Committee identified 486 derelict
brickyards at the end of the War, of which only
208 were capable of re-opening.
6 Housing, Ministry of Health Housing Depart-
ment, July 1919 to June 1921.
7 Usually referred to as the Moir Report. In fact,
the committee produced three later, and much
shorter, interim reports, but never appears to have
produced a final report. [The report is reproduced
on the accompanying CD ROM.]
8 See, in particular, Housing, op. cit. Vol II, No. 35,
pp119–24.
9 Who experimented on a large scale with timber
framed, steel framed, precast concrete and in-situ
concrete systems on their ‘out-County’ Becontree,
Castelnau, Downham and Watling estates. For an
oral history of these estates, illustrated with many
archive photographs, see Just like the Country, Ed.
xxiv
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pattern of economic stability is required. Without
all this, the current administration’s ambitious
plans are in danger of going the same way as
those of its predecessors.
These concerns may prove baseless. But
history is a stern judge, and will not lightly forgive
a failure to learn from experience, not once, not
twice, but three times in succession.
Stephen Mullin
London 2004
Antonia Rubinstein, Andy Andrews, Pam Schweitzer,
Age Exchange, 1991.
10 Housing, op. cit. Vol II, No. 27, pp142–5
11 Report of the Sub-Committee to the Housing
Committee of Norwich City Council, 21 October
1924. Quoted in Concrete Houses in Norwich,
S Potter, unpublished thesis, 1978.
12 By John Burchard 2nd in the supplement to
The evolving house Vol III: Rational design, A F
Bemis, MIT Press and Batsford, 1936. The supple-
ment contains an extensive list of prefabricated
systems in use in the USA and Britain at the time,
with detailed technical descriptions and drawings.
13 Prefabrication, op. cit. p88.
14 In England and the Octopus, Clough Williams-
Ellis, Geoffrey Bles, 1928
15 The Dymaxion Deployment Unit, developed
from grain silo construction and a forerunner of the
Wichita House, did in fact later go into limited pro-
duction and deployment for the US Army. See My
Private Sky, Ed. Joachim Krause and Claude Lich-
tenstein, Lars Muller, pp212–7.
16 Prefabrication, op. cit. p154.
17 Developments in post-war housing in 1944,
Richard Sheppard, The Architects’ Journal, 18
January 1945.
18 Architectural Design and Construction launched a
monthly Housing Forum in January 1943, starting with
a summary of the Tudor Walters report and the 1919
Housing Acts entitled 20 years of housing progress.
19 See Demonstration Houses, HMSO, 1944, for
a detailed account of the house types involved.
20 The BISF houses Types A and B still exist on
the Northolt site, as does the more radical Type C
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(M019) which utilised pressed steel construction.
The Type C , much mutilated now like the Types A
and B , is not recorded in Demonstration Houses,
and was a later addition to the site, as were the
prototype Orlit houses (P091, P092) next door.
21 Altogether, by 1 October 1945, a staggering
1342 proposals had been received by the Ministry
of Works and the Building Research Station for
evaluation. Of these, 84 had received experimental
building licences, and 28 prototype houses had
been completed.
22 And was later built in the Netherlands, albeit
with a different type of cladding. See Tuindorp
Kethel Schiedam, Hans van der Heijden and Barbara
Klomp, THOTH, 2004. Wates houses were also
built in Morocco for the French colonial govern-
ment: see 29 below for the publication reference.
This cross-Channel exchange of technology was
anticipated in the early 1920s with the adoption by
the Municipality of Amsterdam of the Winget and
Dorlonco systems in their experiments with pre-
fabricated construction, later reciprocated in the
use of the Dutch Occident system (ADP001) for
the construction of the first large panel system (LPS)
houses in the UK at Cambridge. The Dutch appear
to have had much the same problems with the
building trades unions as their British counterparts.
See Concrete and Constructional Engineering Vol
XX no.3, 1925, and Vol XXII 1927.
23 The prototypes were indeed referred to in the
press as ‘Mulberry Houses’.
24 Developments in post-war housing in 1944,
op. cit.
25 I am indebted to Ged Robinson for access to
her research on the Portal house.
26 Homes by the Million, Hugh Casson, Penguin,
1946.
27 Except for the AIROH bungalow, which later
suffered from electrolytic corrosion due to impuri-
ties in the aircraft grade scrap aluminium used,
examples of all the other ‘temporary’ bungalows
still survive to this day.
28 The Third Report of the Burt Committee, pub-
lished in 1948 as Post-War Building Studies No. 25,
lists 101 systems considered suitable for develop-
ment and use by local authorities. [The three reports
of the Committee are reproduced on the accom-
panying CD ROM.]
29 “As an example of the speed with which Wates
houses can be built, five houses were recently
commissioned by a local authority in London were
Introduction
handed over exactly nine weeks after building
began, whilst in an another London area a pair of
houses was started and finished in twenty-two
working days”. Concrete Quarterly, January 1949.
30 The London County Council still had more than
8000 ‘prefabs’ within its administrative boundaries
and actually revived the temporary housing concept
with the LCC Mobile (T071), a sectional timber
framed bungalow, designed to be transported, as
the name suggests, to other vacant sites as the one
it occupied became required for permanent housing.
In reality, the cost of site preparation, services and
removal meant that this option was rarely exercised.
31 Housing from the Factory: Progress Report
1964, at the Royal Institute of British Architects,
10 March 1964.
32 In fact, it was not until 1967 that Parker Morris
standards became mandatory for all public sector
housing, as part of the change in subsidy arrange-
ments.
33 The post-war UK programme did include a
sizeable number of flats, but these were in the
main low rise walk-ups, usually in poured concrete
(Easiform, Wimpey No-Fines (S063)), although a
13-storey block was proposed in a Unity brochure,
and the Reema Hollow Panel system was used for
high-rise blocks in Leeds in the 1950s.
34 A comprehensive account is given in Tower
Block: Modern Public Housing in England, Scotland,
Wales and Northern Ireland, Stefan Muthesius and
Miles Glendinning, Yale U P, 1994.
35 “Although in terms of machine production it is
not exactly true to say that every hole in a Meccano
set costs money, nevertheless such redundancy of
structural facility and material is uneconomic”.
Geoffrey Hutton in ‘Pre-IBSAC Symposium’, The
Architects’ Journal, 24 June 1964.
36 The Architects’ Journal, 24 June 1964, op. cit.
37 In Tower Block, op. cit.
38 See Moisture conditions in the walls of timber-
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framed housing, BRE Report 228, 1992.
39 The Architects’ Journal, 24 June 1964, op. cit.
40 “But perhaps the real challenge lies in persua-
ding owners that their ownership responsibilities
involve replacement – either of the entire asset, or
of key components – rather than continual repair
and maintenance”. ‘How long should housing last?’,
James L Meikle and John D Connaughton, Con-
struction Management and Economics, 1994 (12).
41 In Rethinking Construction, DETR, London, 1998.
xxv
 Acronyms How to use this book

BRE Building Research Establishment ODPM Office of the Deputy Prime Minister Systems described in the Handbook are The Search Engine classifies all the systems
BRS Building Research Station PC Precast concrete grouped into four sections classified by form of covered by the Handbook by Construction
CIBSA The Comprehensive Industrialised PRC Precast reinforced concrete construction: Metal Framed Houses (prefixed Class, by the Local Authorities and Regions in
Building Systems Annual ‘M’ in the numbered reference to each system), whose area the system has been reported, by
PS Pressed steel
DOE Department of the Environment Precast Concrete Houses (prefixed ‘P’), In-Situ Name or Alternative Name(s), and by Identifi-
PSA Pressed steel angle Concrete Houses (prefixed ‘S’) and Timber cation Characteristics. Any or all of these classi-
DPC Damp proof course PSRC Prestressed reinforced concrete Framed Houses (prefixed ‘T’). In each case, the fications can be used in combination to narrow
DPM Damp proof membrane PVC Polyvinyl chloride class of construction refers to the loadbearing down the search, depending on the amount of
GRP Glassfibre reinforced plastics PWBS Post-War Building Studies structure of the dwelling, which will not necess- information available.
HAC High alumina cement RC Reinforced concrete arily be of the same material(s) as the external The lists of house types by Local Authority
HT High tensile visible cladding. are drawn from a number of surveys carried out
RS Rolled steel
IBSAC The Industrialised Building Systems The guide overleaf explains in detail the since 1980 for the (then) Department of the
RSA Rolled steel angle function of the text, photograph and isometric Environment, and the Northern Ireland, Scottish
and Components Magazine
RSC Rolled steel channel drawing in each double page spread. Where and Welsh Offices, supplemented by BRE’s own
MOHLG Ministry of Housing and Local
RSJ Rolled steel joist sufficient information on a particular house type research and information provided by others.
Government
RST Rolled steel T-section is not available to provide either a photograph Although every effort has been made to ensure
MOW Ministry of Works
SS Stainless steel or a drawing, the system is included in an that this information is correct, it should not
MS Mild steel Appendix at the end of the construction class necessarily be assumed that it is fully compre-
T&G Tongued and grooved (boarding)
NBA National Building Agency section, and further prefixed ‘A’ (e.g. numbered hensive. Where the information received does
TRADA Timber Research and Development references to the Appendix to Metal Framed not fully specify a named system (e.g. Unity), all
NBS National Building Studies
Association
NHBC National House-Building Council Houses are prefixed ‘AM’). possible systems are listed (e.g. Unity Type I,
NTHSc A Guide to Non-traditional and Colour photographs have been taken within Unity Type II).
Temporary Housing in Scotland the last 20 years. Those in black and white are The CD inside the back cover of the book
(1923-1955). HMSO, 1987, 2001. from archive material. contains copies of key reports on non-traditional
While in some cases it will be possible to housing published by BRE and its predecessors,
identify a particular system through the name and by central government. These are referen-
only, because of the multiplicity of alternative ced in the text and listed in the References
names used for many systems, or because this section on pages xxxii–xxxiv.
information is not available, in the majority of Another CD (Ref: AP 149) is available from
cases it will be necessary to use the Search BRE Bookshop, which contains over 80 BRE
Engine on the CD that accompanies this book to reports on particular house types. Details are
arrive at a definitive identification. given on page xlii.

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 How to use this book How to use this book
Each house type is listed alphabetically by Name, and numerically by the Reference in the top Each house type is identified numerically by the Reference number in the
right hand corner. The name is that most commonly used by the manufacturer. The suffixes top right hand corner. M indicates metal framed houses, P precast concrete
‘Mk’ and ‘No’ are those used by the manufacturer. The suffix ‘Type’ is used to differentiate houses, S in-situ concrete houses and T timber framed houses. Reference
between different forms of construction covered by the same manufacturer’s name. numbers for houses listed in the Appendix to each part are prefixed by ‘A’.

Orlit Type II Alternative names known to P092

have been used are listed.
Manufacturer: Orlit Ltd Alternative name: Orlit

Designer: Names of the Manufacturer(s) and Designer(s),

where known, are given.
Period built: 1940s–1950s

Number built: 17,000 (Types I and II) Where dates for Period built are available, these are
listed; otherwise dating is by decade (e.g. ‘1960s’). The cutaway Isometric
Construction Drawing is
Numbers built are drawn from various sources; keyed by number to the
although every effort has been made to verify the Construction notes. The
figures, their accuracy cannot be guaranteed. form of construction shown
in the drawing and described
in the notes is that most
commonly found.
If the house type has been
investigated by BRE the
notes are based on the BRE
The Photograph shows a representative investigation. Otherwise,
view of the house type. However, many they are drawn from
house types used a variety of claddings various published and
(see Identification Characteristics and unpublished sources, and
Variants). In addition the house may have their accuracy cannot be
been re-clad (see Designated defective guaranteed.
houses, overleaf).

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

The Designated defective

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Substructure: Pad foundations [1]. PC stub columns Flat roof of profiled PRC eaves units, screed and asphalt
Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced stamp is explained overleaf. cast into foundations [2]. or bituminous felt.
houses. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles or flat roof Frame: 5 1/2" x 5 1/2" PRC columns with integral beam
covered with asphalt or bituminous felt. Main PRC columns and beams have only up to 30 mm stubs [3] and bolted steel flange connectors [4]. 7 1/2"
External walls of PRC slabs throughout. cover, carbonation depths 10–20 mm and sometimes PRC primary [5] and secondary [6] beams with
Gable apex tile hanging. significant chloride content. concrete cover [7].
External walls: 2" PC base bonding units [8], 2" PC
Variations from this form of construction
Cracking of OPC and HAC stitches.
Low quality HAC concrete in stitches. slabs [9], 2 1/2" lightweight PC slabs [10], timber framing known to exist are listed in Variants.
Cracking of secondary beams and carbonation depths lined with plasterboard [11]. Galvanised ties [12].
up to 20 mm. Separating wall: PRC frame infilled with foamed slag
aggregate concrete blocks.
Significant levels of chloride in beams.
Partitions: Lightweight concrete slabs. Most of house types were designed using
Deterioration of other PRC components.
Ground floor: Concrete. Imperial measurements, so most dimensions
First floor: Timber boarding on timber beams [13] on
REFERENCES The system was also used for flats.
PRC secondary beams.
are given in feet and inches. For the very few
BRE Report BR 36 Ceilings: Plasterboard. systems built to Metric measurements, Metric
PWBS No. 25 Roof: PRC beams, timber wall plates, timber trusses
and purlins and tiles.
dimensions are used.

References list reports and journal articles for If the house type has been investigated by BRE
each house type. For details see pages xxxii–xxxiv. Notes for Surveyors lists defects found. Such Construction information is presented in a A key to the Acronyms used for components
defects will not necessarily have been encoun- consistent format for each house type, and materials is on page xxvi.
tered in every house surveyed, and they are generally moving upward from the foundations
Identification Characteristics lists features in standard listed to alert surveyors to areas requiring par- to the roof, and from the outside inward.
format to help visual identification. ‘Chalet bungalows’ refer to ticular examination. If the house type has not Dimensions of components are shown in the
2-storey houses with the upper floor rooms wholly contained been investigated by BRE, this is noted, with order height x width x depth.
within a gabled or hipped roof pitch. references to appropriate BRE publications on
Roof pitches are: ‘STEEP’, 45° or greater; ‘MEDIUM’, between survey and assessment.
23° and 44°; or ‘SHALLOW’, less than 23°. Claddings listed are If the system is known to have been used
those known to have been used in the original construction: for flats, this is noted. The construction for
they do not include those used in subsequent alterations. flats may not be identical to that for houses.

xxviii xxix
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 Designated defective houses
In the early 1980s, investigation of fire damage
to an Airey house revealed cracking to the
structural PRC columns caused by inadequate
cover to the embedded steel reinforcement
and chemical changes to the surrounding con-
crete. Subsequent investigations by BRE
showed that a number of other house types
built in the immediate postwar period exhibited
similar defects, and that these would eventually
lead to structural failure.
Accordingly, in 1984 the Government
brought forward legislation to compensate
owners who had bought, in good faith, houses
from the public sector with serious structural
defects which could not have been known
about, or discovered on survey, at time of pur-
chase. The Housing Defects Legislation (now
Part XVI of the Housing Act 1985) allowed the
Secretary of State to designate particular
dwelling types as inherently defective, and em-
powered local authorities to operate a Scheme
of Assistance for eligible owners, either by way
of repurchase or by way of reinstatement
(‘repair’). Over 28,000 households were aided
under the Scheme of Assistance which is now
substantially complete, with only a tiny handful
of eligible properties remaining to be or repur-
chased or reinstated."
Most ‘repairs’ were carried out using sys-
tems of reinstatement licensed, inspected and
certificated by PRC Homes Ltd, a wholly owned
subsidiary of NHBC, but not all owners used
this route, and in addition some local auth-
orities carried out ‘partial repairs’ to their own
stock which did not remove all the defective
PRC structural elements from the dwelling.
Surveyors encountering a house type which
has been Designated Defective are therefore
advised to check whether any ‘repairs’ carried
out were in accordance with a PRC Homes Ltd
licensed system, and certificated as such. PRC
Homes Ltd was wound up in 1996. After that,
xxx
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Designated defective houses
Thirty house types were eventually desig- stantially in accordance with the construction
nated as inherently defective, in separate shown in the designation documents for
legislation in England, Wales, Scotland and Dorran (P046) and Woolaway (P138) houses,
Northern Ireland. The subsequent BRE research respectively.
programme into all non-traditional housing re- Under the ‘Notes for surveyors’ on the
vealed no further house types which met the relevant pages, a warning symbol appears:
houses repaired under licensed systems were Government’s criteria for designation. However, DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
generally accepted for mortgage purposes it should be noted that designation was by
with an ordinary NHBC warranty." reference to a construction drawing forming The house types listed below are designa-
The legislation did not allow for any ‘better- part of the Order, rather than a named house ted as inherently defective under the Housing
ment’ during reinstatement, and therefore while, type, and some local authorities have deter- Defects legislation (they are shown under the
superficially, the appearance of a reinstated mined that the construction of Lilleshall (P075) names and reference numbers listed in the
house may have changed dramatically, key and Cheecol Keeland (P035) houses is sub- Handbook):
identification characteristics such as window
and door openings, and roof pitch, will remain
Airey (P003) Schindler (S049)
constant, as demonstrated in the Before and
Ayrshire County Council (P010) Smith (P107)
After photographs of the houses below. Once
Blackburn Orlit (P024) Stent (P110)
again, it needs to be stressed that the pre-
Boot Beaucrete (P025) Stonecrete (P113)
sence of a new brick skin on such a house
Boot Pier and Panel (P026) Tarran Temporary Bungalow (P115)
does not of itself signify that the house has
Boswell (S007) Tee Beam (P117)
been reinstated in such a way that it is
Cornish Unit Type I (P039) Ulster Cottage (P122)
generally acceptable for mortgage purposes.
Cornish Unit Type II (P040) Underdown (P123)
Dorran (P046) Unitroy (P126)
Dyke (P047) Unity Type I (P127)
Gregory (P055) Unity Type II (P128)
Mac-Girling (P078) Waller (P129)
Myton (P087) Wates (P130)
Newland (P090) Wessex (P132)
Orlit (P091, P092) Whitson-Fairhurst (P134)
Parkinson (P094) Winget (P137)
Reema Hollow Panel (P101) WooIaway (P138)
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Cornish Unit Type II (upper) and Airey (lower) houses
before and after repair.
xxxi
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 References References

BR 161 BRS Type 4 houses (1989) BRE DIGESTS

BRE REPORTS BR 78 Howard steel framed houses (1986)
BR 93 Overcladding: external walls of large
These Reports are available in pdf format on a CD panel system dwellings (1986)
ROM (Ref: AP 149) from BRE Bookshop. BR 105 Boswell houses: investigation of
structural condition (1987)
BR 29 Airey houses: technical information BR 107 The structural adequacy and durability
and guidance (1982) of large panel system dwellings (1987)
BR 34 The structural condition of Boot pier Part 1: Investigations of construction
and panel cavity houses (1983) Part 2: Guidance on appraisal
BR 35 The structural condition of Cornish Unit [Summary in IP 8/87]
houses (1983) BR 110 Dorlonco steel framed houses (1987)
BR 36 The structural condition of Orlit houses [See also BR 149]
(1983) BR 111 Thorncliffe cast-iron panel houses (1987)
BR 37 The structural condition of Smith system
BR 113 Steel framed and steel clad houses:
houses (1983)
inspection and assessment (1987)
BR 38 The structural condition of Unity houses
[Summary in IP 14/87]
(1983)
BR 116 Reema large panel system dwellings:
BR 39 The structural condition of Wates prefabrica-
constructional details (1987)
ted reinforced concrete houses (1983)
BR 118 Bison large panel system dwellings:
BR 40 The structural condition of Woolaway
constructional details (1988)
houses (1983)
BR 119 Roften steel framed houses (1988)
BR 50 The structural condition of Ayrshire County BR 120 Dennis-Wild steel framed houses (1988)
Council (Lindsay) and Whitson-Fairhurst BR 130 The structural condition of Easiform
houses (1984) cavity-walled dwellings (1988)
BR 51 The structural condition of Dorran, Myton, BR 132 Cussins steel framed houses (1988)
Newland and Tarran houses (1984) BR 133 Livett-Cartwright steel framed houses
BR 52 The structural condition of Parkinson (1988)
Framed houses (1984) BR 139 Cruden Rural steel-framed houses (1989)
BR 53 The structural condition of Reema hollow BR 144 Falkiner–Nuttall steel-framed houses (1989)
panel system houses (1984) BR 145 Crane steel-framed bungalows (1989)
BR 54 The structural condition of Stent houses BR 146 Trusteel Mk II steel-framed houses (1989)
(1984) BR 147 Trusteel 3M steel-framed houses (1989)
BR 55 The structural condition of Underdown BR 148 Atholl steel-framed, steel-clad houses (1989)
and Winget houses (1984) BR 149 Dorlonco steel framed houses.
BR 63 Large panel systems: the structure of Supplement to BR 110 (1989)
Ronan Point and other Taylor Woodrow– BR 152 Hawthorn Leslie steel-framed houses (1989)
Anglian buildings (1985) BR 153 The structural condition of Wimpey No-
BR 71 Smith system houses in Sandwell, West Fines low-rise dwellings (1989)
Midlands (1985) BR 154 Improving the habitability of large panel
BR 74 Large panel system dwellings: preliminary system dwellings (1989)
information on ownership and condition BR 155 Forrester–Marsh houses (1989)
(1986) BR 156 Cast Rendered No-Fines houses (1989)
BR 75 Carbonation depths in structural-quality BR 157 Incast houses (1989)
concrete (1986) BR 158 Universal houses (1989)
BR 77 The British Iron & Steel Federation steel BR 159 Fidler houses (1989)
framed house (1986) BR 160 No-Fines houses (1989)
BR 163 Nissen–Petren steel-framed houses (1990)
BR 185 Over-roofing: especially for large panel
system dwellings (1991)
BR 188 Lowton–Cubitt steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 189 Telford steel-clad houses (1991)
BR 190 Mowlem in-situ concrete low-rise
dwellings (1991)
BR 191 The renovation of no-fines housing: a
guide to the performance and rehabilita-
tion of loadbearing no-fines concrete
dwellings built using the Wimpey and
SSHA systems (1991)
BR 193 Cranwell steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 196 Birmingham Corporation steel-framed
houses (1991)
BR 197 Hills Presweld steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 198 Arcal steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 199 Homeville Industrialised steel-framed
houses (1991)
BR 200 5M steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 201 Arrowhead steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 202 British Housing steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 203 Keyhouse Unibuilt steel-framed houses
(1991)
BR 204 Open System Building steel-framed
houses (1991)
BR 205 Steane steel-framed houses (1991)
BR 214 Understanding and improving the
weathertightness of large panel system
dwellings (1992)
BR 217 Cowieson steel-clad houses (1992)
BR 218 Weir steel-clad (1920s) houses (1992)
BR 219 Stuart steel-framed houses (1992)
BR 221 Riley steel-framed houses (1992)
BR 222 Coventry Corporation steel-framed
houses (1992)
BR 228 Moisture conditions in the walls of timber-
framed housing (1992)
BR 233 Briefing guide for timber-framed housing
(1993)
BR 254 Repair and maintenance of reinforced
concrete (1994)
BR 275 The structural condition of early cast-in-
situ concrete low-rise dwellings (1996)
BR 282 Timber frame housing 1920–1975:
inspection and assessment (1995)
BR 283 Timber frame housing systems built in
the UK 1920–1965 (1995)
BR 284 Timber frame housing systems built in
the UK 1966–1975 (1995)
BR 318 The structural condition of cast-in-situ
concrete high-rise dwellings (1996)
Digest 405 Carbonation of concrete and its
effects on durability (1995)
Digest 444 Corrosion of steel in concrete (2000)
Part 1 Durability of reinforced concrete
structures, Part 2 Investigation and
assessment, Part 3 Protection and
remediation
BRE GOOD BUILDING GUIDES
GBG 11 Supplementary guidance for assess-
ment of timber frame housing: Part I
Inspection (1995)
GBG 12 Supplementary guidance for assess-
ment of timber frame housing: Part II
Interpretation (1995)
BRE INFORMATION AND OCCASIONAL PAPERS
IP 6/81 Carbonation of concrete made with dense
natural aggregates [in BR 107]
IP 10/84 The structural condition of prefabricated
concrete houses designed before 1960
IP 21/86 Determination of chloride and cement
contents of hardened concrete [in BR 107]
IP 8/87 The structural adequacy and durability of
large panel system dwellings: summary
of the report
IP 14/87 Inspecting steel houses
IP 15/87 Maintaining and improving steel houses
OP 5 Aid to identification: Dyke CCC houses (1986)
OP 6 Aid to identification: Mac-Girling houses
(1983)
OP 10 Aid to identification: Stonecrete houses
(1983)
OP 25 Blackburn-Orlit houses: technical infor-
mation (1984)
OP 34 Gregory houses: technical information
(1986)
OP 35 Hawksley SGS houses, technical
information (1986)
BRE ARCHIVE
Unpublished written information and drawings exist
at BRE. These may be consulted by special arrange-
ment with the BRE Librarian. The EP numbers
noted for some houses refer to the Burt Commit-
tee Experimental Panel reports and files.
In addition, short films of three housing sys-
tems under construction (Spooner, Wimpey No-
Fines, Woolaway) in the late 1940s are held in the
Archive.

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xxxii xxxiii
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 References
OTHER PUBLICATIONS [in chronological order]
PDF files of publications marked CD are included
on the CD ROM in the back of this book.
Moir Report CD
Ministry of Health. Particulars of systems of
house construction approved up to April 1920.
Report of the Committee on new methods of
house construction. London, HMSO. 44pp.
[The only report of value that survives from the
1920s. Contains drawings and photographs of
76 housing systems and 12 items of ancillary
equipment approved by the Ministry.]
PWBS No. 1 CD
Interdepartmental Committee on House Construction.
House Construction. Ministry of Works, Post-War
Building Studies No. 1. London, HMSO, 1944.
156pp. (Burt Committee 1st Report).
[Detailed information on 19 house types built
between 1919 and 1939.]
PWBS No. 23 CD
Interdepartmental Committee on House Construction.
House Construction, Second Report. Ministry of
Works, Post-War Building Studies No. 23. London,
HMSO, 1946. 84pp. (Burt Committee 2nd Report).
[Reports on the first tranche of proposals for
construction after the war, built in prototype
form and assessed. Includes photographs of
houses under construction.]
PWBS No. 25 CD
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Interdepartmental Committee on House Construction.
House Construction, Third Report. Ministry of Works,
Post-War Building Studies No. 25. London, HMSO,
1948. (Burt Committee 3rd Report). 86pp.
[Reports on 10 house types, all approved for
use by local authorities. Includes photographs
of houses under construction.]
White R B, Prefabrication CD
Prefabrication. A history of its development in
Great Britain. National Building Studies, Special
Report No. 36. HMSO, London, 1965. 368pp +
52pp illus.
[Valuable narrative account of the technical and
political development of prefabrication up to
1962. Numerous photographs and references.]
xxxiv
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NTHSc
Scottish Office Building Directorate. A Guide to
Non-traditional and Temporary Housing in Scotland
(1923-1955). Edinburgh, HMSO, 1987, reprinted
2001. 260pp.
[Covers more than 90 Scottish systems built
up to 1955. Company information and plans
are useful for identification purposes.]
Interbuild. System Building.
Published in 1963 and 1964 by Interbuild.
[Describes and illustrates 21 (1963) and 31
(1964) systems. Also covers European and
non-housing applications.]
IBSAC
The Industrialised Building Systems and Compo-
nents Magazine. Published between 1964 and
1970.
[Useful ‘snapshots’ of systems available at the
time of publication.]
CIBSA
Deeson A F L (ed). The Comprehensive Industrial-
ised Building Systems Annual. Product Journals,
West Wickham. Published annually between 1965
and 1970.
[Useful ‘snapshots’ of systems available at the
time of publication. Many of the entries include
a photograph or drawing.]
NBA and Scottish NBA
National Building Agency. Certificates were issued
between the mid-1960s and 1972. Dates of NBA
appraisal certificates are given where known. The
BRE collection of these certificates is not complete,
but a full set is thought to be housed in ODPM
Archives.
[Very detailed information and construction
drawings of proposed systems, which may
have been modified for production.]
NFBTE
British Systems Yearbook 1977–78. National
Federation of Building Trades Employers, London,
1977. 64pp.
[Brief information and photographs of 46
housing systems.]
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Anthony, Hugh. Houses: Permanence and
Prefabrication, Pleiades Books, 1945. 64pp.
Bemis, A F. The evolving house. Vol. 3. Rational
design. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. and Batsford,
London, 1936.
[Includes descriptions of systems designed
and built in the UK in the 1920s.]
Building Research Station. Structural require-
ments for houses. National Building Studies
Special Report No. 1. London, HMSO, 1947.
Cox, B H. Prefabricated houses. London, 1945.
Demonstration Houses, HMSO, 1944.
[Detailed description of houses on the Ministry
of Works demonstration site at Northolt, London,
with many construction photographs.]
Hans van der Heijden and Barbara Klomp, Tuindorp
Kethel Schiedam, Thoth, Bussum, Netherlands, 2004.
[Contains a detailed account of the use of the
Airey system in the Netherlands.]
Lakeman, Albert. Concrete Cottages Bungalows and
Garages, Concrete Publications Ltd, 2nd edn 1924.
Madge, Charles (Ed.) Clarence Crescent, Pilot
Papers, Vol. I, No. 4, Pilot Press, 1946.
[Photo-journalist account of life on an estate of
Seco temporary bungalows.]
Madge, John (Ed.) Tomorrow’s Houses: new
building methods, structures and materials.
London, Pilot Press, 1946. 336pp.
Ministry of Health. Housing, Vols I and II: July
1919–June 1921.
Ministry of Works. New methods of house con-
struction (1945–47). National Building Studies
Special Report No. 4. London, HMSO, 1947.
[Analyses labour content and costs.]
Ministry of Works. New methods of house con-
struction, Second Report (1947–48). National
Building Studies Special Report No. 10. London,
HMSO, 1948.
Richardson, Harry W and Aldcroft, Derek H.
Building in the British Economy between the Wars,
Allen and Unwin, 1968.
Further reading
Rubinstein, Antonia, Andrews, Andy and Schweitzer,
Pam (Eds). Just like the Country, Age Exchange, 1991.
[Oral history of the LCC interwar cottage
estates, with many archive photographs of
non-traditional houses on the Becontree,
Downham and Watling Estates.]
Some new methods of construction: a brief
survey. The Structural Engineer, Vol. 03, 1925.
pp174–184.
[Various types of industrialised building briefly
described and illustrated.]
Saunders, C E. Some effects of prefabrication on
post war building. The Structural Engineer, Vol. 35,
No. 8 August 1957. pp277–296.
Sheppard, Richard. Prefabrication in Building,
Architectural Press, 1946. 148pp.
The corrosion of steel in steel houses. National
Building Studies Special Report No. 16. London,
HMSO, 1951. 44pp. CD
[Examines corrosion in steel clad and steel
framed houses built between 1920 and 1927.]
The durability of reinforced concrete in buildings.
National Building Studies Special Report No. 25.
London, HMSO, 1956.
Timber Development Association. Prefabricated
timber houses. A statement of the principles and
practice of prefabrication. London, [1944?], 26pp.
Timber Development Association. Prefabricated
timber houses. A review of constructional
methods, including in situ and prefabricated
constructions. London, 1947, 39pp.
Vale, Brenda. Prefabs: a history of the UK
temporary housing programme. London, Spon,
1995. 192pp.
Watson, Alexander. Demonstration Houses:
Sighthill, Edinburgh (1945–65), Scottish Special
Housing Association, Edinburgh, 1987. 92pp.
[A review of the housing stock built for experi-
mental and demonstration purposes at Sighthill,
Edinburgh, from 1945 to 1965, with plans and
construction details.]
xxxv
 List of house types List of house types
Appendix to Part One: P021 Bison Wall Frame
P022 Blackborrow
Metal framed houses
P023 Blackburn
Note: Some systems built with different materials have the same name. Use of the Index of AM001 Adams P024 Blackburn Orlit
AM002 Anchorloc P025 Boot Beaucrete
names and alternative names at the end of the book or the Search Engine on the accom- AM003 Anderson Permanent House P026 Boot Pier and Panel
panying CD ROM is therefore strongly recommended in searching for a particular house type. AM004 Arlon P027 Broadmead
AM005 Bailey Stratton P028 BRS L-shaped panels
AM006 Boyd P029 Bryant Low Rise
PART ONE: M052 IBIS AM007 Braby P030 Bryant Low Rise System 4
M053 Integer P031 Building Systems Ltd
METAL FRAMED HOUSES AM008 Braddock
M054 Kelvin AM009 Broadway P032 Camus
M001 AGB Modular 6 M055 Keyhouse Unibuilt AM010 Brodie P033 Carlton
M002 AIROH Temporary Bungalow M056 Kingstone AM011 Buckwyn P034 Channello
M003 Aluminium Bungalow BL8 M057 Langlands AM012 Canister P035 Cheecol Keeland
M004 Aluminium House M058 Liverpool Corporation AM013 Clements P036 Concept 4
M005 Arcal M059 Livett-Cartwright AM014 Copeland P037 Concrete Houses Ltd
M006 Arcon M060 Lowton-Cubitt AM015 Coseley P038 Cornish Flush Panel
M007 Arcon Temporary Bungalow M061 Macfarlane AM016 Fewac P039 Cornish Unit Type I
M008 Arrowhead M062 Mark AM017 Fillod P040 Cornish Unit Type II
M009 Atherton M063 Minox AM018 Fincast P041 Cosmos
M010 Atholl 1926 M064 MOHLG 5M AM019 Fromson P042 Costain
M011 Atholl 1945 M065 Mucklow Plan AM020 Intercon P043 Crosby
M012 Atholl 1951 M066 Multispan AM021 Mackay H & Sons P044 Dalcot
M013 Beanland No 1 M067 New Georgian AM022 MC2 P045 Domkonstruado
M014 Birmingham Corporation M068 Nissen-Petren AM023 Modform P046 Dorran
M015 Birmingham Corporation Type ST M069 Northern Ideal Homesteads AM024 Opperman P047 Dyke CCC
M070 Nuttall Building System P048 East Knowle Special

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M016 BISF Type A AM025 Parcrete
M017 BISF Type A1 M071 Nuttall Mk II AM026 Sanders-Foster P049 Fairweather
M018 BISF Type B M072 Open System Building AM027 Scott & Middleton P050 Falcon
M019 BISF Type C M073 Paragon AM028 Structural and Mechanical Engineering P051 Farlington Special
M020 B-J M074 Phoenix Temporary Bungalow AM029 Stuart Scheme II P052 Fram
M021 Braithwaite M075 Portal Temporary Bungalow AM030 Swiftplan Multiflex H P053 Glasgow Foamed Slag
M022 British Housing M076 Procol AM031 Thermostatic Steel House P054 GLE
M023 Buchan M077 Quality AM032 Town & Vale P055 Gregory
M024 Conatus M078 Reith AM033 Trellit P056 Gregory Industrialised
M025 Connell M079 Resiform AM034 TSB P057 Hamish Cross Type I
M026 Cornes M080 Riley AM035 Tubrick P058 Hamish Cross Type II
M027 Coventry Corporation M081 Roften AM036 Veneercraft P059 Hardy
M028 Craig Atholl M082 Rothschild AM037 Waldic P060 HDC
M029 Crane M083 Rotinoff P061 Hertsmere Special
M030 Cranwell M084 RTB Temporary Bungalow PART TWO: P062 Hexham Special
M031 Cruden M085 Rubery Owen P063 Howells
M086 Seco
PRECAST CONCRETE HOUSES P064 HSSB
M032 Cussins
M033 Denis Poulton M087 Shipston Aluminium P001 Adams H1 P065 Industricon
M034 Dennis M088 Spaceway P002 Adams HVA3 P066 Jansel
M035 Dennis-Wild M089 Steane P003 Airey P067 Jespersen 12M
M036 Discus M090 Stewart & Lloyd P004 Alcrete P068 Kenkast
M037 Dorlonco M091 Stuart P005 AMcK P069 Ketton
M038 Duplex Sheath M092 Symplex P006 Anglia Type A P070 Kincorth Mk III
M039 Falkiner Nuttall M093 Telford P007 Argyll P071 Kingsthorne Special
M040 Formula M094 Thames P008 Arrow P072 Lecaplan Type A
M041 Gateshead Corporation M095 Thorncliffe P009 Atlas Stone P073 Lecaplan Type B
M042 Gee Walker & Slater M096 Trusteel 3M P010 Ayrshire County Council P074 Lightning Construction
M043 Grenfell Baines M097 Trusteel Mk II P011 Balency P075 Lilleshall
M044 Grid M098 Turner & Newall P012 Balfour Beatty P076 Livett-Cartwright
M045 Hawthorn Leslie M099 Unitroy P013 Bates 4L P077 Loudon Mk II
M046 Hillcon M100 Universal Temporary Bungalow P014 Battery Cast P078 Mac-Girling
M047 Hills Presweld M101 Universal Type I P015 BCCF P079 Malthouse
M048 Hitchins M102 Universal Type II P016 BDG P080 Marley
M049 Homeville Industrialised M103 WH P017 Beanland No 2 P081 MeTraCon
M050 Howard Type A M104 Wilson P018 Belfry P082 MFC
M051 Howard Type B P019 Bellrock P083 Minniel
P020 Bison Crosswall P084 MOD Special

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 List of house types List of house types

P085 Modus AP005 Barvis S013 Conslab AS010 Intercon

P086 Morrell AP006 Beale & Son S014 Cook AS011 Intrad
P087 Myton AP007 Bison Trimline S015 Corolite AS012 King & Howse
P088 Natcon AP008 Bonding Block System S016 Corvus AS013 Laidlow Thornton
P089 NCB AP009 British Craft Homes S017 Craftcast AS014 Lo Rona
P090 Newland AP010 Cebus S018 Dagenham Special AS015 MacKeown
P091 Orlit Type I AP011 Cemacrete S019 Diatomite AS016 Multilite
P092 Orlit Type II AP012 Clugston Cawood S020 Doric AS017 MWM
P093 Orlit-Bellrock AP013 Coignet S021 Dry-Walls AS018 Rapirect
P094 Parkinson AP014 Concrete Utilities S022 Duo-Slab AS019 RCC
P095 Pemcrete AP015 Davis S023 Easiform Type I AS020 Sidney Stone
P096 Permabuilt AP016 Dudley Coles S024 Easiform Type II AS021 SSHA Commissioners Resumption
P097 Perma-Erecta AP017 Halls Mk III S025 Edinburgh Foamed Slag AS022 Tayton
P098 Potters Bar Special AP018 Hardie S026 Farrans No-Fines AS023 Whitcon
P099 Reema Conclad AP019 Hayes Interlock S027 Fidler
P100 Reema Contrad AP020 Incon S028 Firmcrete PART FOUR:

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P101 Reema Hollow Panel AP021 Kent S029 Foamed Slag
P102 Russell Leighton S030 Forrester-Marsh TIMBER FRAMED HOUSES
AP022 Keylock
P103 SB2 AP023 Kingston S031 Gadie T001 Aberdeen Corporation
P104 Simplified Brickwork AP024 Locarn S032 Herald T002 Anchor 12M
P105 Siporex 6M AP025 Luton S033 Incast T003 Andover
P106 Skarne AP026 Maycrete S034 Kirton T004 Anvil
P107 Smith AP027 Neale S035 Lamella T005 Appleyard
P108 SNW AP028 Oakridge S036 Lowestoft Borough T006 Arbor
P109 Spacemaker AP029 PAC S037 Maxim T007 Arcal
P110 Stent AP030 Palmer S038 Miller No-Fines T008 Arrowtrim
P111 Stewart & Partners Type I AP031 Panelwall S039 Miller Temporary Bungalow T009 Bennett
P112 Stewart & Partners Type II AP032 Pearce S040 MOW Demonstration Expanded Clay T010 Boro
P113 Stonecrete AP033 Pentagon S041 MOW Demonstration Foamed Slag T011 Boulton & Paul
P114 Stubbings Industrialised AP034 Plysyl Bungalow S042 MOW Demonstration No-Fines T012 Bricket Wood Special
P115 Tarran Temporary Bungalow AP035 Poolman S043 Mowlem T013 Bullock
P116 Taylor Woodrow-Anglian AP036 Prefacto S044 O’Sullivan T014 Bur-Pal
P117 Tee Beam AP037 Rationalised Housing S045 Parkwall T015 Burt Boulton
P118 Thornwall AP038 RB2 S046 Permacrete T016 Calder
P119 Token AP039 Ridgeway S047 Quikform T017 Caldervale
P120 Tracoba Low Rise AP040 Ross S048 Rumble T018 Calverley Type I
P121 Truscon RD 27 AP041 Shingleton Conslab S049 Schindler T019 Calverley Type II
P122 Ulster Cottage AP042 Simmcast S050 Solvyt T020 Cameron
P123 Underdown AP043 Speyroc S051 SSHA No-Fines T021 Canadian Demonstration Homes
P124 Uniment S052 SSHA Wartime Cellular Concrete T022 Canadian Timber Type I
AP044 Strongman
P125 Unit-Built S053 Sunskeeme T023 Caspon
AP045 Trentrox
P126 Unitroy S054 Tenaplas T024 Cedar Homes
AP046 Unit System
P127 Unity Type I S055 Unit No-Fines T025 Cedarworth Homes
AP047 Weedon
P128 Unity Type II S056 Universal T026 Celtic Homes
AP048 Western System
P129 Waller S057 Vine & Vine T027 Challow
AP049 WL Ring
P130 Wates S058 Wakefield Special T028 Colt
AP050 Young RW
P131 Webb S059 War Office No-Fines T029 Cowieson
AP051 Ytong
P132 Wessex S060 Weir No-Fines T030 Czechoslovakian Timber
P133 West’s 5M S061 Whatling T031 Devon Lady
P134 Whitson-Fairhurst PART THREE:
S062 Wimpey No-Fines T032 Edgell
P135 Wil-Mac IN-SITU CONCRETE HOUSES T033 Eklectron
P136 Wilvan Appendix to Part Three: T034 Elementhus
S001 Aberdeen Corporation
P137 Winget T035 Elsworthy
S002 Alderton In-situ concrete houses
P138 Woolaway T036 Engineered Homes
S003 Arup AS001 Calway
P139 Woolaways Bungalow T037 Eurodean
S004 Banton No-Fines AS002 Combined Concrete Construction
P140 XW T038 Facta
S005 Beco Wallform AS003 Ctesiphon
S006 Blackburn No-Fines T039 Faculty
Appendix to Part Two: AS004 Davies
S007 Boswell T040 Federated System 2
Precast concrete houses AS005 Davis J T041 Flexi
S008 Boyd Gibbons No-Fines
AS006 F3C and F4C Concrete Houses T042 Fontaberry
AP001 Addison S009 BRS Type 4
AS007 Firth T043 Forfar Borough
AP002 Allbetong S010 Brydon No-Fines
AS008 Giles T044 Frameform
AP003 Andrews S011 Cast Rendered
AS009 Hughes T045 Fredericks Cedarwood
AP004 Artmet S012 Concrete Frames

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 List of house types List of house types
T046 Fredericks Frame System T109 Scano Type II AT025 Essihus AT076 Rothwell-Perrin
T047 G Block Watne T110 Scano Type III AT026 Factrad AT077 RTE
T048 Goldcrest T111 Scotlog AT027 Farquahar AT078 Ryedale
T049 Grenfell Baines T112 Scottwood AT028 Finnish Timber AT079 Salveson
T050 Grove Homes T113 Seco Temporary Bungalow AT029 Fleming AT080 Scan
T051 Guildway T114 Segal AT030 Formula AT081 Scanda Plan
T052 Hall T115 Shepherd AT031 Forth AT082 Scandev
T053 Hallam Mk I & Mk II T116 Sherwood AT032 Framecourt AT083 Scandia
T054 Hallam Mk III T117 Silksworth AT033 Fraser & McDonald AT084 Scansiv
T055 Hallam Volumetric T118 Simms C-DA AT034 Fribohus AT085 Scansystem
T056 Harvey Frame T119 Simms Sons & Cooke SWPA AT035 Gart AT086 Scotfast
T057 Hertfordshire County Council T120 Simms Sons & Cooke AT036 Glasgow Corporation AT087 Shaddow Wall
T058 Hultsfreds T121 Solid Cedar AT037 Goldenhomes AT088 Slingsby
T059 Humphreys T122 Spooner AT038 Grange AT089 Spacemaker Bungalow
T060 Jackson T123 Spooner Temporary Bungalow AT039 Gray AT090 Steinkjer
T061 Jansel T124 SSHA AT040 Grayholme AT091 Stex
T062 Jicwood Temporary Bungalow T125 Swedish Timber AT041 GT AT092 Supalite
T063 Ketton T126 Swift AT042 Heath AT093 Superhome
T064 Kier BDC T127 Swiftplan Multiflex H12 AT043 Highland Tain AT094 Surrey Grove
T065 Lanark County Council T128 Terrapin AT044 Howard Mersham AT095 Sutherland
T066 Langlands Bungalow T129 TRADA Type I AT045 Interbild AT096 Swedale
T067 Langlands Mansard T130 TRADA Type II AT046 Janes AT097 Systemac
T068 Langlands Terrazzo T131 Trybo AT047 Kingston AT098 Taygon
T069 Langlands Type N2 T132 Unicorn AT048 Lawrence Building Co. AT099 Thain Capital
T070 Lawrence T133 Unit System 67 AT049 Leyland Industrial AT100 THUS
T071 LCC Mobile T134 USA Temporary Bungalow AT050 Lisset AT101 Timber Frame (UK) Ltd
T072 Linton T135 Wates AT051 Lothian AT102 Timcon
T073 Liverpool Special T136 Weir Postwar AT052 Louden AT103 Toogood
T074 Lovell T137 Weir Prewar AT053 Ludford AT104 Trussit
T075 Macrae T138 Wellbuilt AT054 M&J AT105 Unicom
T076 Macrae Plus T139 YDG AT055 Mactaggart & Mickel AT106 Unistem
T077 Mactrad T140 Yorkshire Timber Frame AT056 Marley AT107 Unit
T078 Maple Leaf T141 Young Elizabethan AT057 Maxim AT108 Variform
T079 McAlpine T142 Youngman AT058 McLean AT109 Varney
T080 McDonald T143 Yuill AT059 Mears Cowlin AT110 Waddington
T081 Medway Type I AT060 MFC AT111 Walemesh
T082 Medway Type II Appendix to Part Four: AT061 Mitchell AT112 Walker
T083 MeTraTim AT062 Module Two AT113 Wallis
T084 Meyer Timber framed houses AT063 Modumould AT114 Walton
T085 MHC AT001 Anchor 600 AT064 Multispan AT115 Wellgrave
T086 Miller AT002 Anchor Modular AT065 Neata AT116 Western
T087 Minox AT003 ASD AT066 New Trend AT117 Whatlings Redwood
T088 Moelven Brug AT004 Aspect AT067 Nuway AT118 Wilson
T089 MOHLG AT005 Austin Hall AT068 Papworth Permanent Bungalow AT119 Woodclad
T090 Multicom AT006 Avonside AT069 Potton
T091 Multigrid AT007 B&J AT070 Pratten
T092 Newcastle Corporation AT008 Barratt AT071 Pre-Cut Norwegian Addendum to the digital edition
T093 Nokkelhus AT009 Bayley Bartlett AT072 Pyrocol ADM001 Span Type K
T094 Norwegian Log AT010 Bigland & Mowat AT073 Ramsjo ADP001 Occident
T095 Peak Homes AT011 Bradley AT074 Redifice Bungalow ADT001 Douglas Special

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T096 Perren AT012 Brims AT075 Reid ADT002 Swedish Sectional Timber
T097 Prestoplan AT013 Brown of Wem
T098 Purpose Built Type I AT014 Bruce
T099 Purpose Built Type II AT015 Build Form
T100 Puutalo AT016 Canadian Timber Type II
T101 Quikbild AT017 Contrad
T102 Reeves Frame AT018 Cosmos
T103 Resiform AT019 Cuckow
T104 Rileyform AT020 Cuyper
T105 RMR AT021 Daleholme
T106 Rowcon Type I AT022 Domus
T107 Rowcon Type II AT023 ECP Modular
T108 Scano Type I AT024 Elliott

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 Part Two
PRECAST CONCRETE HOUSES

Reema Hollow Panel houses under construction.

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 Adams H1 P001
Manufacturers: Barham Construction Co. Ltd Alternative name: Adams
H J Gilbert & Sons

Designer: J E Adams
P E Cornu (Architect)
L G Madge (Engineer)
Period built: 1940s

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete foundation blocks [1]. None known.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with asbestos cement assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: Concrete slab deepened below loadbearing walls. DPC.
slates. External walls: 6" x 4" storey height I-section PRC
External walls of clinker concrete panels throughout. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) columns [2]. 18" or less height x 4' x 3" dense concrete
PRC window surrounds. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) slabs [3], cavity, 18" or less height x 4' x 3" clinker con-
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) crete slabs [4], plasterboard on timber battens [5]. MS
hook ties [6]. PC lintel units [7] with concrete infill [8]
with two 3/8" reinforcement bars threaded through holes
in end of floor beam splice plates and columns. PRC
window and door surrounds.
Separating wall: Dense and clinker concrete block cavity
wall lined with plasterboard on timber battens.
Partitions: Not known.
REFERENCE Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists on 6" x 9"
BRE Archive T-section PRC beams [9] supported on PRC columns [10]
connected by 3/4" steel splice plate [11].
Roof: PRC trusses connected to columns by MS saddle
plate [12]. Asbestos cement slates.

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 Adams HVA3 P002
Manufacturers: Barham Construction Co. Ltd Alternative name: Adams
H J Gilbert & Sons

Designer: J E Adams

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

No photograph available.

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
Rendered external walls throughout.
PRC window surrounds.
Lapped L-shaped asbestos cement verge units.
REFERENCE
Vertical cracking in external render.
Cracking and spalling of first floor ring beam.
Corrosion of reinforcement in first floor ring beam.
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Grooved PRC RC string course at first floor level.
dense concrete wall sill units [1]. Concrete slab. DPC. Lattice-crete first floor beams.
External walls: Rendered [2] 12" storey height flanged
PRC panels [3], cavity, building paper, slag wool insulation
[4], 12" storey height flanged clinker PRC panels [5].
Panels fixed to sill units with 1/2" steel dowels [6] and
along vertical edges with PRC pins [7]. PC string course
[8] at first floor level and RC string course [9] at eaves
level. Air grill [10]. Clinker blocks [11]. L-shaped
asbestos cement verge boards.
Separating wall: Clinker PRC panel cavity wall with
channelled capping blocks at first floor and eaves level.
Partitions: Clinker concrete panels.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber battens encased
in clinker concrete screed.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists on 1/2" MS
pins [12] projecting from 9" x 3" PRC beams [13] and
ring beam.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: PRC rafters and struts [14], tie rods [15] (trusses
in two parts joined at apex by wrought iron straps bolted
through trusses), RSA bracing and concrete tiles.

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 Airey P003
Manufacturers: W Airey & Sons Ltd Alternative name: Airey new improved duo-slab house
R Costain Ltd

Designer: Frederick Gibberd

Period built: 1945–55

Number built: 26,000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium or steep pitch hipped or gable roof covered with
tiles or flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
External walls of exposed aggregate PRC panels through-
out with upper panels oversailing lower panels.
Splayed PRC corner panels.
Tile hanging or horizontal timber boarding to gable apex.
REFERENCES
Substructure: Concrete downstand beam [1]. DPC. Separating wall of PRC columns and PRC panel cavity
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE External walls: Storey height tapered PRC columns [2] wall.
reinforced vertically with 1 1/4" steel tube. Steel dowel [3] Timber first floor joists with end plates.
Cracking of PRC columns. to tubular reinforcement connection at first floor level. Clinker concrete blocks.
Water penetration through PRC panels. Steel locating jig [4] at first floor level. 3' x 9 3/4" tray- Flat roof of lattice steel joists, timber boarding and
High chloride content in PRC panels. shaped PRC panels [5] copper wired [6] to columns, bituminous felt.
bitumen sealer [7], cavity, plasterboard on timber
battens [8]. PC corner panels [9].
Separating wall: PC block cavity wall.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on lattice steel joists [10].
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses, bituminous felt and tiles.

BRE Report BR 29
BRE Report 275
PWBS No. 23

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 Alcrete P004
Manufacturer: The Structural and Mechanical Alternative names: Alcrete Mk I
Development Engineers Ltd Alcrete Mk II
Bristol Aeroplane
Designer: Bristol Aeroplane (Housing) Co.

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled aluminium
sheets.
External walls rendered to first floor level and of plain or
profiled aluminium sheets or timber boarding above.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete First floor of timber joists or cellular concrete units with
underbuilding [1]. DPC, foundation angle [2]. sawdust cement slats.
External walls: Render on mesh [3], 4" foamed PC Upper storey external walls of timber boarding.
panels [4] storey height ranging in width from 1' 8" to
6' 7" with aluminium frame [5] at panel joints. Mortar
pointing, mastic and aluminium alloy fillet strip [6] at
joints to first floor level and plain and profiled aluminium
sheets [7] above. Bitumen paint and metal anchors [8].
Timber fillets [9]. Fibreboard packing [10]. Metal locating
dowel [11]. PRC string course [12]. Glass fibre filling
over first floor windows. Fibreboard lining over windows.
Separating wall: 11" foamed PC panel cavity wall.
Partitions: 4" foamed PC panels.
Ground floor: Cement/sand screed on 1" sawdust
cement slabs.
First floor: 7" x 2 1/2" PRC joists on timber battens on
double RSC, forming I-section, floor support beams [13].
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Channel section aluminium trusses and purlins,
fibreboard or bituminous felt and profiled aluminium
sheets.

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 AMcK P005
Manufacturer: Cementation Co. Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: Boyd Auger

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 310

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION First floor: Stressed skin floor panels [16] fixed to flank
wall panels with 1/2" bolts.
2-storey terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete foundation incorporating Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: ground floor slab. DPM/DPC. Roof: Stressed skin timber roof panels fixed to RC roof
Front and rear external walls of horizontal plastics-coated External walls: Front and rear walls of timber frame beams and bituminous felt. Glass fibre insulation at ceiling
plywood weatherboarding. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) panels [1] sheathed internally and externally with plywood level.
Flank wall of brick throughout. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) [2], clad with horizontal Tedlar-faced plywood weather-
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) boarding [3] and lined with foil-backed plasterboard.
Glass fibre insulation between frame studs [4]. Tedlar-
The system was also used for flats. coated aluminium flashing [5]. Galvanised MS fixing VARIANTS
bracket [6]. PRC beam [7].
Flank wall of brick [8], cavity, polystyrene insulation [9], Front and rear walls clad with other materials.
bitumen coating [10], eaves height 7" PC panels [11]
on 3/4" levelled bolts and dry pack mortar. Non-ferrous
wall ties [12]. Galvanised mild steel firestop at first floor
REFERENCES level [13]. Briktor reinforcing [14] in two upper
horizontal bed joints adjacent to roof beam. RC roof
CIBSA 1968 beam [15].
NBA Certificate January 1968 Separating wall: 7" PRC eaves height panels with shear
keys at vertical joints on 3/4" bolts and dry-pack mortar.
RC roof beam.
Partitions: Proprietary partitions.
Ground floor: Concrete.

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 Anglia Type A P006
Manufacturer: Taylor Woodrow-Anglian Alternative names: Anglia
Anglian
GLC Anglia
Designers: GLC Larsen & Neilsen
Anglian Housing Ltd Taylor-Woodrow Anglian
TWA
Period built: 1960s

Number built: 600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch asymmetrical gable roof covered with
concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of asbestos cement sheets
to first floor level and horizontal timber boarding above,
or brick to first floor level and tile hanging above.
Gable wall of storey height PC panels.
Decay of window joinery and timber studding to front and
rear walls.
Sound insulation of fire break partitions and separating
walls not complying with Building Regulations.
Missing DPC or DPM.
Thermal bridging at PC edge beams.
Lack of fixings to internal strings of timber staircase.
Substructure: Concrete slab with integral ground beams. Substructure of rebated PRC edge beams bearing on
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height concrete pads.
timber frame panels clad with asbestos cement sheets Front and rear external walls of brick to first floor level
[1] to first floor level and with horizontal timber boarding and tile hanging on timber battens above.
[2] above and lined with plasterboard [3]. Polystyrene
insulation between frame studs [4]. PRC edge beams [5].
Gable wall of 8" storey height insulated PC panels [6].

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Incorrectly fixed PVC gasket below gable wall. Bargeboard [7] with aluminium flashing [8] over 4" x 3"
RSA [9] fixed to timber batten cast into panel head.
Separating wall: 7" storey height concrete panels.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists spanning
REFERENCE between PRC edge beams and inverted PRC T-beams,
PRC beams supported by storey height PRC box in centre
NBA Certificate December 1966 of house (contains gas warm-air heating system) and
cross walls.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Dual monopitch timber trusses and concrete tiles.

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 Argyll P007
Manufacturer: Argyll Concrete Products Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: J Thompson

Period built: 1947–50

Number built: 10

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached and detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete under- None known.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with cedar shingles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: building [1]. DPC.
External walls of exposed aggregate PC blocks through- External walls: PRC base blocks [2]. 4" x 2 1/2" storey
out. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) height PC columns [3] staggered within width of cavity
PC window surrounds. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) and 5" x 2" cast in-situ or PRC head beams [4] tied to
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) columns by 1/2" diameter bolts [5] cast into column
head. Timber wall plate [6]. 18" x 2 1/2" T&G exposed
aggregate PC plinth units [7]. PC blocks 18" x 9" x 2 1/2"
[8], cavity, 2" vermiculite blocks [9]. Copper tie wire
[10] between face of column and bed joints of blocks.
Steel windows set in PRC window surrounds.
Separating wall: PRC column and beam cavity wall
lined with lightweight concrete blocks.
REFERENCE Partitions: Lightweight concrete blocks.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on concrete.
NTHSc First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plaster on expanded metal lath.
Roof: Timber trusses and cedar shingles.

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 Arrow P008
Manufacturer: Arrow Unit Slabs Ltd Alternative name:

Designers: D Arnot
T Tait

Period built: 1945

Number built: 20

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey detached and semi-detached Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance Substructure: Concrete foundations [1]. Concrete slab. Ground floor of suspended timber boarding or synthetic

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houses. on inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete DPC. asphalt.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with Ruberoid topped durability is given in: External walls: Rendered [2] 18" storey height exposed
steel decking. aggregate PRC panels [3] with 3/4" weep holes [4],
External walls rendered throughout. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) cavity, 18" x 2 1/2" storey height lightweight foamed slag
Pressed steel soffit following outline of rafters. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) PC panels [5] with continuous wood at head [6]. PRC
Flat concrete canopy over front door. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) beams [7]. Dovetail sheeting at gable [8]. Insulation
board [9].
Separating wall: Not known.
First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
Partitions: Lightweight PC panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
REFERENCES Roof: Braced light steel trusses and ties, steel decking
and Ruberoid topping.
BRE Archive
NTHSc

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 Atlas Stone P009
Manufacturer: Dartford Builders Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: Atlas Stone Co.

Period built: 1950s

Number built:

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No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles.
External walls of horizontal PC panels or brick throughout.
Exposed PRC columns with corbel at eaves level.
Exposed PRC beams at eaves level.
PC window surrounds.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. External walls clad with brick throughout.
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Storey height 2 1/2" PRC tapered columns
[1] with integral corbels. Approximately 16" to 18" x 1 1/2"
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) horizontal PC infill panels 70" width [2] tied to columns
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) with dowels (exact detailing of column at cladding panel/
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) column junction not known), cavity, brick [3]. PC eaves
beams [4] (geometry of eaves beam not known). PC
window surrounds.
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known.

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 Ayrshire County Council P010
Manufacturer: Alternative names: Lindsay
Whitson-Fairhurst

Designers: R G Lindsay
W A Fairhurst

Period built: 1945–54

Number built: 750

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Roof: Light steel trusses, timber boarding and tiles.
Note: Steelwork treated with stoved paint.
2-storey semi-detached houses. Substructure: Concrete pad foundations [1] with square
Steep pitch gable roof covered with tiles. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE rebate to receive column bases. Concrete strip footings.
External walls rendered [roughcast] throughout. Brick underbuilding. DPC.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Frame: 6" x 6" PRC eaves height columns [2] (those in VARIANTS
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: centre of house are jointed about 2' 6" above first floor
level), PRC perimeter beams [3] joined to columns via External walls separately clad with rendered brick.
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) reinforcing loops protruding from rebated end of beam No concrete infill to beam and column frame joint.
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) and fixed to metal lugs [4] protruding from face of Inner leaf of external walls of timber frame panels.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) column, concrete cover to joint [5]. Concrete ground floor.
External walls: Rendered [6] storey height 2" foamed First floor of timber joists.
slag concrete panels [7], 2" cavity, storey height light
steel frame [8] tied to external masonry leaf infilled with
glass fibre insulation [9] and lined with plasterboard.
REFERENCE Separating wall: 3" foamed slag concrete slab cavity
wall lined with plasterboard. 2" cavity except where
BRE Report BR 50 broken to permit enclosure of column halfway along wall.
Partitions: Light steel frame lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber battens [10]
on PRC beams [11].
First floor: Timber boarding on timber battens on PRC
beams.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
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 Balency P011
Manufacturer: Holland & Hannan & Cubitts Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1960s–1970s

Number built:

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

3-storey terraced houses with integral ground floor Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete foundations and underbuilding. External wall PRC panels clad with stone.
garages. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: PRC slab. External wall PRC panels with sand blasted or scrubbed
Flat roof covered with asphalt. External walls: Storey height room width PRC sandwich finish.
External walls of large storey height PC panels with plain, Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) panels with insulating core of polystyrene or lightweight
sand blasted or scrubbed finish, or clad with stone or Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) aggregate no-fines concrete. Dry pack. Tying reinforce-
glass mosaic. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) ment.
Separating wall: Large storey height PRC sandwich
The system was also used for flats. panels with insulating core of polystyrene or lightweight
aggregate no-fines concrete. Dry pack. Tying reinforce-
ment.
Partitions: Storey height PRC panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
Upper floors: PRC slabs.
REFERENCE Ceilings: Plaster.
Roof: PRC slabs.
BRE Report BR 107

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 Balfour Beatty P012
Manufacturer: Balfour Beatty and Co. Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: Balfour Beatty and Co. Ltd

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

No photograph available.
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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete pad foundation. Concrete under- Partitions of proprietary panels with exposed aluminium
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: building [1]. DPC. sheet facing.
External walls of storey height PRC columns with simulated External walls: 8 1/2" x 5" rebated PRC columns [2].
shiplap PRC infill panels. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) 6" x 1 1/4" shiplap exposed aggregate PRC panels [3],
PRC sill units at ground floor level. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) horizontal and vertical PRC framing [4] lined with plaster-
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) board on timber battens [5].
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: 5" x 5" PRC columns. PC infill panels lined
with fibreboard and hardboard on timber battens.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber battens on
7" x 2 1/4" PRC slabs [6] on 7" x 2 1/2" PRC T-beams [7].
First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: PRC framing. Plasterboard and pulpboard and
REFERENCE expanded rubber core sheets.
Roof: PC eaves beam [8]. PC fascia and soffit board
BRE Archive [9], PC ceiling joists [10], RSA bracing [11]. PRC rafters
and purlins, cement sawdust slabs and tiles.

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 Bates 4L P013
Manufacturer: Four L (UK) Ltd Alternative name: 4L

Designer: T Bates & Sons

Period built: 1960s–1970s

Number built: 830

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Roof: Timber trusses and purlins, timber lattice ridge
Substructure: Concrete pads [1] at corners, mid way girder and interlocking concrete tiles.
2-storey terraced houses. Lack of cover to reinforcement in PRC panels and ground along front and rear walls and at centre of ground floor
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with interlocking beams. slab. Concrete underbuilding [2]. Ventilation grill [3].
concrete tiles. Poor detailing of truss/wall and floor beam/wall. DPC [4].
External walls of Coloroc PC or pressed concrete cladding External walls: 120 mm x 170 mm PRC ground beam VARIANTS
panels or rendered throughout, or to first floor level with [5], 80 mm storey height PC panels [6], 100 mm
horizontal timber boarding and horizontal shiplap plastics storey height PRC corner panels [7]. Compressed External walls clad with render on expanded mesh,
weatherboarding or asbestos cement slates above. mineral wool quilt [8]. Coloroc PC cladding panels [9] horizontal timber boarding or PC cladding on DPC and
sheathed externally with polystyrene insulation [10] to soakers.
first floor level. Front and rear upper storey walls of
horizontal shiplap plastics boarding [11].
Gable upper storey wall of asbestos cement slates on
timber battens [12] both backed with glass fibre
insulation [13]. Polyethylene vapour control layer [14].
REFERENCES Timber spandrel frame [15] at gable apex.
Separating wall: Storey height PRC panel cavity wall.
Agrément Board Certificate Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.
NBA Certificate 1977 Ground floor: 80 mm PC slabs bolted to PRC panels.
First floor: PC slabs [16] with grouted and welded
connection [17].
Ceilings: Plasterboard on timber joists on RSA support
beams [18] supported at mid span by steel stanchion.

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 Battery Cast P014
Manufacturer: Alternative names: BRS Battery Cast
BRS Brecast
DSIR Edmonton BRS
Designer: Building Research Station EDLO BRS
Enfield BRS
Fram
Period built: 1960s Fram BRS
Fram Construction
Fram Russell
Number built: Harry Neal Battery Cast
Woodley BRS

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses.
Shallow or medium pitch gable roof covered with slates
or flat roof covered with bituminous felt or asphalt.
Front and rear external walls of brick slips, vertical timber
boarding or tile hanging throughout, or PC panels to first
floor level and vertical timber boarding above.
Gable wall of brick, render or ribbed storey height PC
panels.
Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance
on inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete
durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Not known.
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
timber frame panels sheathed externally with timber
boarding and clad with brick slips [1] and lined with
plasterboard [2]. Insulation between frame studs [3].
Gable wall of brick [4], cavity, storey height PC panels [5].
Separating wall: Storey height PC panels [5].
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: PC slabs [6].
Ceilings: Direct finish.
Roof: Timber. Large PC slabs, PC parapet panels.
Front and rear walls clad with vertical timber boarding or
tile hanging.
Front and rear walls of plain-faced storey height PC
panels or PC spandrel panels with timber frame panels
above.
Gable wall of rendered storey height PC panels.
Gable wall of storey height ribbed PC panels.
Wide range of panel sizes up to 6 m x 2.6 m x 200 mm.
Partitions of storey height PC panels.
First floor of timber boarding on timber joists.

REFERENCES

Architect & Building News, 14 December 1966. On-site

Battery Casting
Architects' Journal Information Library, 27 January 1965
BRE Archive

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 BCCF P015
Manufacturer: British Cast Concrete Federation Alternative names: BCCF Temporary Bungalow
British Cast Concrete Federation
Croft Granite
Designer: Prefab

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. PRC ground sill Corner PRC columns encased in brickwork.
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with clay or assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: units [1]. Concrete slab. DPC. External walls rendered throughout.
concrete tiles. External walls: Eaves height T-section PRC columns External wall linings and partitions of foamed slag
External walls rendered throughout or PRC columns and Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) [2] with vertical slots [3] and non-ferrous bars [4]. PRC aggregate PC blocks or woodwool slabs.
panels. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) corner columns [5]. 9" x 3" PRC perimeter beams [6]. Suspended timber ground floor.
Gable apex to bungalows of tile hanging. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) 1 1/4" PC panels with 4" flanges [7] and inclined slot at Roof cover of clay tiles.
PC front door hoods. edges of panels [8], cavity, clinker PC blocks [9]. PC Tile hanging to gable apex.
Dished corner columns. eaves units [10]. Lightweight PRC boot lintel [11]. PC
Some dwellings have corner columns encased in brick. perimeter beams [12].
Separating wall: Clinker aggregate concrete cavity
wall.
Partitions: Clinker PC blocks.
Ground floor: Concrete.
REFERENCE First floor: Timber joists on PRC beam. RSA [13]
bolted to floor joists.
The Builder, 19 January 1945 Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber rafters, concrete tiles.
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 BDG P016
Manufacturer: Basingstoke Development Group Alternative names: BDG Wessex
Wessex

Designer: Research Architect (BDG)

Period built: 1965

Number built: 20

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of mathematical tiling to
first floor level and tile hanging or horizontal timber
boarding above.
Gable wall of storey height texture finish PC panels.
Exposed PC panel pier at separating wall.
REFERENCE
Interbuild, System Building 3
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: PC ground beams [1]. Concrete slab. None known.
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
timber frame panels overlaid with breather membrane
and clad with mathematical tiles to first floor level [2]
and tile hanging on timber battens [3] above and lined
with plasterboard backed with polyethylene vapour control
layer [4]. Insulation between frame studs [5]. Ground
floor panels incorporate steel frame buttress bolted to
cross walls and ground beams.
Gable wall of 7" storey height 2' 6" and 4' 6" textured
finish PC panels [6].
Separating wall: 7" storey height PC panels.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trussed rafters and concrete tiles.

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 Beanland No 2 P017
Manufacturer: Beanland Unit Construction Ltd Alternative name: Beanland

Designer: Beanland Unit Construction Ltd

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 102

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with bituminous felt.
External walls rendered throughout.
Exposed PRC beam at first floor level.
Flat concrete canopy over front door.
PRC window surrounds.
REFERENCE
Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance
on inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete
durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: RC trench footing. Asphalt DPC. Inner leaf of external walls of clinker aggregate PC
Frame: RC columns [1] and PRC beams [2]. panels.
External walls: Rendered [3] 2" dense aggregate PC
panels [4], 3" cavity, 2" sawdust PC panels [5]. PC
spacing pieces [6]. Wire ties [7].
Separating wall: RC columns and PRC beams. 2" dense
aggregate PC panels, 2" cavity, 2" sawdust PC panel
cavity wall.
Partitions: Sawdust PC slabs.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Steel trusses, lightweight PC slabs, 5" purlins and
bituminous felt.

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 Belfry P018
Manufacturers: Wight Construction Ltd Alternative name: Belcon
Scotland & Barry High Ltd

Designers: Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew

Period built: 1960–1970s

Number built: 1425

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ceilings: Foil-backed plasterboard.
Roof: PRC slabs [17]. Asphalt insulation at ceiling level.
Bungalows and 2- and 3-storey houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete foundation incorporating
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles or assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: ground floor slab [1]. DPC.
flat PRC slab roof with structural upstands covered in External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
asphalt. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) PRC columns [2] and PC sandwich panels [3] with VARIANTS
Front and rear external walls of PRC panels infilled with Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) polystyrene insulation [4] infilled with storey height
horizontal timber boarding. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) timber frame panels clad with horizontal timber boarding Roof of timber trusses and concrete tiles.
Exposed PRC perimeter beams at first floor and eaves [5] and lined with chipboard backed with building paper
level. The system was also used for flats. [6]. Polystyrene insulation between frame studs [7].
Flank wall of brick throughout. PRC perimeter beams at first floor level [8] and at
eaves level [9]. Polystyrene insulation [10].
Flank wall of brick [11], cavity, polystyrene insulation
[12], 5" storey height PC panels [13] located on
levelling bolt and threaded dowels and bolted together
REFERENCES at vertical joints, see Figure [A]. Asbestos cement
formwork [14] to cement mortar fire stop [15]. Duct in
CIBSA 1970 PC panel for electrical services [16].
NBA Certificate May 1967 Separating wall: Storey height PC panels.
Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: 5 7/8" PRC slabs on intermediate PRC floor
support beams.

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 Bellrock P019
Manufacturers: Sound City Alternative name:

Designers:

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 18

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Chalet bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached houses. Inspected by BRE only at prototype stage. Guidance on Substructure: Concrete strip foundations [1]. First floor RSAs omitted.
Steep pitch hipped roof covered with plain clay tiles. inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete External walls: Storey height 4" loadbearing Bellrock External walls with RC columns at 3' 0" centres.

External walls of brick or harled throughout. durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
REFERENCE
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hollow cored plaster panels [2] directly clad with brick External walls harled throughout.
[3] throughout. RC lintels in inner leaf over large openings
formed in Bellrock by breaking out internal webs [4].
Lintels in outer leaf formed from three courses of
reinforced brick.
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Concrete slab.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists on RSAs.
Ceilings: Recessed edge plasterboard.
Roof: Timber rafters [5] on timber softwood wall plate
[6].

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 Bison Crosswall P020
Manufacturer: Concrete Ltd Alternative name: Bison

Designer: Concrete Ltd

Period built: 1960s onward

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ceilings: Plasterboard.

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles,
monopitch roof covered with aluminium sheets or flat roof
covered with bituminous felt.
External walls of brick throughout or with front and rear
walls of horizontal timber boarding.
REFERENCE
BRE Report BR 118
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
The system was also used for flats.
Roof: 9 1/2" Bison Widespan M PC floor slabs, insulation
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete under- to falls [10] and bituminous felt.
building. DPC.
External walls: Front and rear walls of brick [1], cavity,
and PC blocks [2]. Brick-on edge copings.
Flank wall of brick [3], 2" cavity, 4" storey height PC VARIANTS
panels [4] with cast-in loop reinforcement and vertical
lacing bars. Panels located and levelled on levelling Shallow pitch timber roof covered with concrete tiles.
bolts housed in panel base pockets. Infill concrete PC gable apex panels.
between panels [5]. PC wall capping [6]. Insulating Monopitch roof of RC spandrel, timber trusses and
blockwork [7]. aluminium sheets.
Separating wall: 7" storey height PC panels with cast- Cross walls of plasterboard on timber framing with or
in loop reinforcement and vertical lacing bars and infill without insulation.
concrete; wall ties project from ends of wall on front External walls with foam insulation in cavity.
and rear elevations. Panels used for projecting cross Front and rear walls of timber frame infill panels clad with
wall thickened to 10" at external wall. horizontal timber boarding.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
First floor: Screeded 9 1/2" Bison Widespan M hollow
cored PC floor slabs [8], 1/2" compressed polystyrene
insulation [9]. Front and rear slabs have wall ties
projecting from edges to tie in with blocks.
Ground floor: Concrete.
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 Bison Wall Frame P021
Manufacturer: Concrete Ltd Alternative names: Bison
Bryant
Bryant Wall Frame
Designer: Clifford Culpin and Partners

Period built: 1960s–1970s

Number built:

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. High carbonation and low to high chloride content of PC Substructure: Concrete. DPC. Timber roof.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles, or panels. External walls: Front and rear walls of 5 1/4" large storey Suspended timber ground floor.
flat roof. Missing dry-pack beneath internal PC sandwich panels. height dense PC panels, cavity with 3/4" polystyrene
External walls of storey height concrete panels throughout. Low bearing areas to the roof beams. insulation, polyethylene vapour control layer, plaster-
Hardboard packing used to level units. board. 3 1/2" storey height large dense PC sandwich
Fine cracking in PC panels. panel.
Rain penetration at windows. Gable wall with leaves bonded by phosphor bronze wall
Deterioration of window furniture. ties, 3/4" polystyrene insulation in cavity.
Condensation. Separating wall: 7" storey height dense PRC panels.
Partitions: Storey height PRC panels. Timber stud lined
The system was also used for flats. with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
Separating floors: 8 1/2" hollow PRC slabs.
REFERENCES Ceilings: Direct finish or Artex.
Roof: Large hollow core concrete slabs.
BRE Report BR 118
NBA Certificate April 1966

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 Blackborrow P022
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designers: H J Blackborrow
A MacDonald

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ceilings: Plasterboard.

Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and concrete tiles.
2-storey semi-detached houses. Vertical cracking of render at quoins. Substructure: Concrete strip footings [1]. Concrete

Steep pitch hipped roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls of storey height PC panels throughout.
Some houses have exposed shingle or decorative finish.
REFERENCE
House Construction, The Blackborrow System, Cement
and Concrete Association, 1949, 4pp
Diagonal and vertical cracking of PC panels.
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underbuilding. Concrete slab. DPC.
External walls: 10" storey height hollow PC panels [2]
(ground floor 11' 4" x 8' 5" and first floor 11' 5" x 7' 8") VARIANTS
with outer leaf of 2" dense concrete, 4 1/2" cavity and
inner leaf of foamed concrete joined by 3" webs. Weep External walls of exposed shingle finish or concrete
holes [3]. Panels connected along vertical edges by two treated while still 'green' to give variety of decorative
MS hooks, one at top and bottom of each panel [4] finishes.
engaging on loops protruding from adjoining panel into
vertical edge rebate [5], MS bearing bar [6]. Timber
wall plate [7].
Separating wall: 4" foamed slag concrete cavity wall
located in external wall panel recesses. 9" foamed slag
concrete in roof space.
Partitions: Ground floor, not known. First floor of breeze
blocks. Ground floor spine wall of storey height foamed
slag PC panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists located in
pockets formed in lower edge of first floor panels on MS
bearing bar.

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 Blackburn P023
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer: J Blackburn

Period built: 1946

Number built: 2

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Surveyed by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance on
Flat roof covered with asphalt. inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete
External walls of cement painted PC slabs. durability is given in:
Panel of glass blocks alongside front door.
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
See also Tee Beam, P137.
REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 59)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings with brick None known.
underbuilding [1].
External walls: Cement painted twin leaf 3' 0" x 1' 6" x 4"
thick PC slabs held together at every course with
through-the-wall 9" wide 4" thick PC slabs forming
discontinuous 12" wall with 4" cavity, filled with thermal
insulation [2]. Glass block panel alongside front door [3].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: 3" wire reinforced screed on hollow core
PC slabs on dwarf sleeper walls on concrete slab [4].
First floor: 3" wire reinforced screed on PC T-beams [5]
bearing directly on PC slabs in wall thickness.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: PC T-beams [6] bearing directly on PC slabs in
wall thickness. Asphalt.

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 Blackburn Orlit P024
Manufacturers: Scottish Orlit Co. Ltd Alternative name: Blackburn
Blackburn Ltd Orlit

Designer:

Period built: 1950–52

Number built: 360

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses. Substructure: Concrete pads below columns [1]. Concrete ground floor.
Shallow pitch gable roof. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE Concrete underbuilding. PRC stub columns [2] cast into
External walls of PC concrete panels throughout. pad foundations.
Significant levels of chlorides in PRC columns and Frame: 5 1/2" x 5 1/2" PRC columns [3], 5" x 7 1/2" PRC
beams. perimeter beams (not exposed) [4]. RSA cleats [5].
Carbonation of PRC columns and beams. Bolted steel flange connectors [6]. Reinforcement bar in
concrete stitch at eaves level [7].
External walls: 36" x 16" x 2" PRC panels [8], cavity,
2 1/2" lightweight PC panels [9], plasterboard on timber
battens [10]. Galvanised mild steel wall ties [11].
Separating wall: 2 1/2" lightweight PC block cavity wall.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists on PRC
REFERENCES beams on sleeper walls.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists on PRC
Blackburn-Orlit houses: technical information (BRE OP 25, beams.
1984) Ceilings: Plasterboard.
NTHSc Roof: Steel trusses.

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 Boot Beaucrete P025
Manufacturer: Henry Boot & Sons Ltd Alternative name: Boot

Designer: Henry Boot & Sons Ltd

Period built: 1939

Number built: 2

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Roof: Timber trusses, bituminous felt and plain concrete
tiles.
2-storey semi-detached houses. Substructure: Concrete strip footings. PRC panel cavity
Steep pitch hipped roof covered with plain concrete DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE underbuilding infilled with concrete [1]. Concrete slab.
tiles. DPC.
External walls of PRC panels throughout. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Frame: Double 3 1/2" x 7" PRC columns [2] bolted VARIANTS
Flat roofed single storey bay window to front elevation. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: together through nibs (external columns are eaves height
Single storey flat roofed extension to rear elevation. and internal columns are storey height). Continuous RC None known.
PC front door surrounds. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) ring beams [3].
Centrally placed chimney stack. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) External walls: 1' 6" x up to 7' x 1 1/2" dense aggregate
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) PRC panels [4] with recessed horizontal joints and 3 1/2"
flanges, cavity, 3" foamed slag aggregate PC panels
[5]. Galvanised metal wall ties with bent pin fixing [6].
Timber wedges [7].
Separating wall: Brick, cavity, 3" foamed slag
REFERENCE aggregate PC panels.
Partitions: 4 1/2" x 1' 6" foamed slag aggregate PC room
PWBS No. 23 length panels cored at intervals and reinforcement
inserted and grouted in position.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Granwood on PC slabs with brick aggregate
on PC beams [8].
Ceilings: Not known.

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 Boot Pier and Panel P026
Manufacturer: Henry Boot & Sons Ltd Alternative name: Boot

Designer:

Period built: 1910–30

Number built: 8200

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow or medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles.
External walls rendered throughout.
Some houses have ground floor flat roofed bay windows.
REFERENCE
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete under- Eaves height PRC columns.
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE building [1]. First floor separating wall of brick.
Frame: Double 3" storey height PRC columns [2] PRC dense aggregate columns and beams.
Vertical cracking of clinker aggregate PRC columns. separated by 2" cavity and tied together with MS ties. Metal ties between corner and adjacent columns absent
Cracking of render. Double PRC ring beams at first floor level [3]. RC ring in some houses: metal ties passing from front to back of
Corrosion of wall ties. beams [4] at eaves level. Timber wall plate [5]. house and fixed into external anchor plates.
Minor corrosion of column tie rods. External walls: Rendered [6] 2' 8" x 9" x 3" clinker
aggregate concrete slab cavity wall [7] with 2" cavity.
Separating wall: Clinker aggregate slab cavity wall.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known.

BRE Report BR 34

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 Broadmead P027
Manufacturer: Broadmead Products Ltd Alternative names:

Designer: B W H Scott

Period built: 1940s

Number built:
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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows. Cracking of vertical joints between PRC panels. Substructure: Concrete strip footings [1]. Concrete Roof of PC roof panels.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete, asbestos underbuilding. Roof cover of asbestos cement sheets.
cement slates or profiled sheets. Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance Frame: 8" x 8" storey height PRC corner columns [2]
External walls of storey height PRC panels set in zig-zag on inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete and 5" x 5" storey height PRC intermediate posts [3].
formation. durability is given in: External walls: 12" x 1 1/2" storey height dished PRC
Gable apex of asbestos cement sheets. panels [4] set in zig-zag formation, cavity, fibreboard
PRC capping beams at eaves level. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) [5] on timber battens attached to wooden blocks cast
Splayed PRC corner columns. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) into panels, 3" x 6 1/2" half jointed PRC capping units [6]
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) fixed to PRC panels by dowels [7]. Gable apex of
asbestos cement sheets.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with fibreboard. Some
partitions lined to dado height with glazed asbestos
cement sheets
REFERENCE Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber battens on
concrete.
BRE Archive First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Steel trusses, timber trusses adjacent to gable
wall, timber purlins and asbestos cement slates.

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 BRS L-shaped panels P028
Manufacturer: Amey Chivers Housing Co. Ltd Alternative name: Modus

Designer: BRS
T K Powell

Period built: 1970s

Number built: 45

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Flat roof with parapets, covered with asphalt.
External walls of brick with 2-storey and single storey
feature panels clad in a variety of finishes.
REFERENCES
BRS Annual Reports 1967, 1968 and 1971
BRS Current Paper 21/72
Not investigated by BRE subsequent to construction.
Guidance on inspection and assessment of reinforced
concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete under- None known.
building. DPC.
External walls: 100 mm L-shaped PRC panels [1]. Arm
lengths up to 4.78 m x 2.25 m, cavity, brick [2]. Brick
and panels form parapet above roof level [3]. Storey
height and eaves height timber frame panels clad in a
variety of finishes [4].
Separating wall: 100 mm eaves height L-shaped PC
panels with cast-in loop reinforcement.
Partitions: L-shaped PC panels and timber stud lined
with plasterboard.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists [5].
Ground floor: Concrete.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber joists, boarding and asphalt.

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 Bryant Low Rise P029
Manufacturer: Bryant Low Rise Ltd Alternative names: Bryant
Bryant Large Panel
Bryant System 2
Designers: Bryant Design and Construction Ltd
M Rhys-Davies

Period built: 1965–1970s

Number built: 3000

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey terraced houses. Diagonal lateral bracing to roof trusses omitted. Substructure: PRC ground beams [1]. Concrete slab. Outer leaf of external walls of brick throughout.
Shallow pitch gable or monopitch roof covered with Diagonal cracking in brickwork. DPC. External walls clad with GRP, asbestos cement sheets,
concrete tiles. Omission of loop reinforcement shown on construction External walls: Front and rear walls of 4" or 4 1/2" ground exposed aggregate and mosaic tiles.
External walls of brick throughout, or front and rear walls drawings to corner of first floor slab. floor PRC spandrel panels seated on rebate in ground External walls insulated with polystyrene fixed to timber
of PRC panels infilled with storey height timber window Friable and voided dry pack in gable and separating wall floor slab and bolted to crosswall panels, storey height battens on internal surface of ground floor PRC spandrel
panels to first floor level, with tile hanging, GRP, asbestos floor joints. x 20' PRC panels [2] infilled with storey height timber panels.
cement sheets, exposed aggregate or mosaic tiles Cracking between PRC panels and dry pack. frame panels [3], 4" or 4 1/2" x 4' first floor house width Upper storey floors of PRC floor panels.
above. Significant levels of chloride and low depth of PRC spandrel panels [4] clad with tile hanging on timber
Gable wall of brick. carbonation in PRC panels. battens [5] backed with polystyrene insulation. PRC
Low concrete cover to reinforcement in PRC panels. house width eaves beam [6].
Gable wall of brick [7], cavity, 1" polystyrene insulation
The system was also used for flats. [8], 6" storey height PRC panels [9]. Wall ties [10]. PRC
gable apex panel [11].
REFERENCES Separating wall: 7" storey height PC panels with rebates
and notches.
BRE Report BR 107 Partitions: 2 1/4" or 3 1/2" Paramount board. Spine wall
of 4 3/4" or 5" storey height PRC panels tied to cross wall
CIBSA 1967
panels with loop and lacing bar reinforcement.
Interbuild, System Building 2, 1964
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and concrete tiles.

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 Bryant Low Rise System 4 P030
Manufacturer: Bryant & Sons Ltd Alternative names: Bryant
Low Rise

Designer: Bryant & Sons Ltd

Period built: 1964–1970s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of brick to first floor level,
infilled with timber frame door and window panels clad
with horizontal timber boarding, tile hanging to first floor
window sill level and horizontal timber boarding above.
Gable wall of brick throughout.
REFERENCE
CIBSA 1970
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
The system was also used for flats.
CONSTRUCTION Roof: Prefabricated timber trusses, bituminous roofing
felt and concrete tiles. Glass insulation quilt at ceiling
Substructure: 4" concrete raft foundation incorporating level.
downstand perimeter beam [1]. DPC.
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
timber frame panels [2] sheathed externally with plywood
[3] and clad with brick to first floor level [4] infilled with VARIANTS
window and external door panels clad with horizontal
timber boarding. Tile hanging on timber battens [5] to None known.
first floor window sill level and horizontal timber boarding
[6] above and lined with plywood [7]. Insulation between
frame studs [8]. 10" x 5 3/4" RSJ [9] at first floor level.
Gable wall of brick [10], cavity, lightweight PC panels
[11] (12" modular basis) located on grouted steel dowel
bars [12], loadbearing storey height stressed skin timber
frame panels [13]. Brick inner leaf to gable apex [14].
RC column [15].
Separating wall: Lightweight PC panels located on
grouted steel dowel bars lined with timber panels.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on RSJ
perimeter beam.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.

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 Building Systems Ltd
Manufacturer: Building Systems Ltd
Designers: A Wilson
P H Johnson & Sons
Period built: 1964–67
Number built: 310
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos
cement sheets or profiled steel sheets.
External walls of brick throughout, or front and rear walls
with timber boarding below ground floor windows, and
vertical timber boarding to first floor level and gable wall
of brick to first floor level, with tile hanging above.
Exposed eaves height PRC columns at corners and at
separating wall and single column or pair of closely
spaced columns and exposed PSRC beams at first floor
level located centrally in gable wall.
Some houses have single storey flat roof vertical timber
boarded entrance on front elevation.
REFERENCES
Interbuild, System Building 1963
NBA Certificate April 1966, withdrawn March 1967
280
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Alternative names: British Ropes
BSL
Doncaster
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
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P031
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CONSTRUCTION Roof: Plywood lattice ridge beam, galvanised sheet
steel roof components with integral gutters/fascia and
Substructure: Concrete pads below columns [1]. 9" x 5" soffit units [14]. Asbestos cement sheets.
PRC ground beams. Air vents [2]. DPM.
Frame: Eaves height PRC columns [3], 6" x 6" at
corners and 6" x 5" or 7" x 4" internally. Steel plate fixed
to each column base [4]. 8" x 4" PSRC beams at first VARIANTS
floor [5] and eaves level [6].
External walls: Storey height timber frame panels [7] Foundations at base of column located in pocket cast in
clad to first floor level on front and rear walls with foundation slab.
vertical timber boarding [8] and timber boarding [9] External walls of brick panels.
below windows and on gable wall with brick [10], and Glass fibre curtain in cavity of separating wall.
tile hanging on timber battens [11] above and lined with Roof of timber rafters and purlins or profiled steel
hardboard or chipboard [12]. Insulation [13] between sheets.
frame studs.
Separating wall: PRC columns and beams and honey-
comb plasterboard cavity wall separated from columns
by asbestos felt barrier.
Partitions: Honeycomb hardboard or plasterboard.
Ground floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
First floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard or chipboard.
281
 Camus P032
Manufacturers: Unit Camus Ltd Alternative names: Fram
Mitchell-Camus Ltd Fram Construction
Fram Higgs and Hill (Camus) Ltd Fram Russell
Designer: Camus (GB) Ltd Mitchell Unit
Unit
Unit Camus
Period built: 1960s Unit Construction

Number built: 6100 (including flats)

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey terraced houses.
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt, or steep pitch
gable roof covered with tiles.
External walls of storey height PC panels.
REFERENCES
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. Roof of timber rafters and tiles.
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: 6" storey height PRC insulated sandwich
panels [1]. Concrete joints containing continuity reinforce-
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) ment and waterproof tape [2]. Reinforced concrete
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) corner post [3].
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Separating wall: 7" storey height PC insulated sandwich
panels.
The system was also used for flats. Partitions: 2 1/2" or 3" storey height PC panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber battens on
polystyrene on PC slabs [4].
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: PC panels, expanded polystyrene and bituminous
felt [5].

BRE Report BR 107

CIBSA 1970

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 Carlton P033
Manufacturer: Concrete Ltd Alternative name:

Designers: R Pianca
Carlton Contractors Ltd

Period built: 1965–late 1960s

Number built: 350

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses. Vertical cracking of PC columns. Substructure: Pad foundation [1] of PC with locating None known.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. Cracking and spalling of gable and spandrel PC panels. dowels set in concrete. PRC ground beams [2]. Concrete
Front and rear external walls of eaves height PRC columns Carbonation of PC panels. slab.
infilled with vertical timber boarding. Low concrete cover to reinforcement in PRC columns. External walls: Front and rear walls of eaves height PC
Spandrel PC panel at first floor level. columns [3] infilled with timber frame panels [4] clad
Gable wall of storey height PC panels. The system was also used for flats. with vertical timber boarding and 6" x 4' fluted PRC
Aluminium fascias. spandrel panel [5] bolted to cleats.
Gable wall of 8" storey height PC cavity wall panels [6],
PC apex panel [7].
Separating wall: 7" concrete.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: 9 1/2" voided PC panels.
REFERENCES Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses, PC purlins [8] and concrete tiles.
CIBSA 1970 Aluminium fascia.
NBA Certificate July 1966

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 Channello P034
Manufacturer: Channello Construction Co. Alternative name:

Designer: Hepworth & Wornum

Period built: 1920s

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. PC block under- Plaster ceiling slabs.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles or slates. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: building [1]. DPC. Roof cover of tiles.
External walls of PC blocks throughout. External walls: 2' x 1' grooved and flanged PC blocks
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) [2], cavity, 2' x 1' grooved and aggregate flanged clinker
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) PC blocks [3]. Channel section clinker PRC lintels [4] at
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) first floor and eaves level. PC slab cavity closers [5].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: 2" PC slabs.
First floor: Flanged PC slabs on RST [6].
Ceilings: 1 1/2" clinker PC slabs.
Roof: RST rafters, flanged clinker PC blocks and slates.

REFERENCES
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Bemis A F, The evolving house. Vol. III Rational design

Housing, 29 March 1920 (Supplement)
Interim Reports of Committee on New Methods of
House Construction, 1924

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 Cheecol Keeland P035
Manufacturer: Strongmans 1945 Ltd Alternative name: Keeland

Designer: Cheecol Processes

Period built: 1948

Number built: 6

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls rendered throughout.
2-storey square fronted bay with hipped roof to front
elevation.
Render drip at first floor level.
Flat PRC canopy over front door.
REFERENCE
Vertical cracking of joints between PRC components.
Not investigated in detail by BRE. Guidance on
inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete
durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: Lightweight concrete strip footings. None known.
Concrete slab. DPC.
External walls: 6" x 6" lightweight PRC base units [1]
joined with steel cramps grouted into slots, 6" x 6"
storey height lightweight PRC columns [2]. Rendered [3]
2" x 1' 6" x 4' and 2 " x 2' x 4' lightweight PRC panel [4]
cavity wall. 6" x 6" lightweight PRC string course [5] at
first floor and eaves level. Timber wall plate [6].
Galvanised MS tie rods [7].
Separating wall: Lightweight PRC slab cavity wall.
Partitions: Lightweight PC blocks. Spine wall of light-
weight PRC slabs.
Ground floor: Magnesite flooring on 2" lightweight
concrete screed on concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and concrete tiles.

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 Concept 4 P036
Manufacturer: Alternative name: Concept

Designer: John West Design Group

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 120

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2- and 3-storey semi-detached and
terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable or monopitch or flat roof covered with
bituminous felt or aluminium sheets.
Front and rear external walls of horizontal timber
boarding throughout.
Gable wall of storey height exposed aggregate PC panels.
Small window in timber clad stub wall at junction of roof
pitches in double roof pitch houses.
REFERENCES
Architect and Building News, July 1965
Interbuild, System Building 3
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Concrete slab [1] thickened under cross Roof cover of aluminium sheets.
walls and front and rear walls. DPC.
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
timber frame panels [2] clad with horizontal timber
boarding [3] and lined with plasterboard [4].
Gable wall of storey height exposed aggregate 8" (Lytag)
PC panels [5] with grooved edges to receive RC fill [6].
Mastic pointing [7].
Separating wall: Storey height 8" (Lytag) PC panels.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
Upper floors: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Prefabricated timber units, chipboard and
bituminous felt.
Services: Services confined to central position using
timber frame 'heart' units.

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 Concrete Houses Ltd P037
Manufacturer: Concrete Houses Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1920s

Number built: 200

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with interlocking clay
tiles.
External walls of 3' 0” square asbestos-cement-faced
panels.
Projecting concrete string course at first floor level.
Rounded corner columns faced with asbestos cement
sheets.
Cruciform or T-section concrete chimney stacks.
Some houses have flat roof ground floor window bays.
PC window surrounds.
Mid terraced houses have through walkways.
REFERENCE
Poorly compacted or graded concrete in floor beams
and first floor string course.
Cracking and spalling of concrete to floor beams.
Cracking of concrete corner columns.
Fine vertical cracking of concrete string course.
Low cover to reinforcement of floor beams.
Differential movement of clinker aggregate PC external
wall panels.
Substructure: RC slab [1]. DPC. None known.
External walls: Curved concrete corner columns
reinforced with RSA [2]. 9 1/2" x 36" square asbestos-
cement-faced clinker aggregate PC cavity panels [3]
with rebated ends and 2" flanges, storey height RC
columns [4] cast within cavity formed by rebates.
Permanent asbestos cement shuttering [5]. RC string
course at first floor level [6]. Cardboard permanent
shuttering [7]. Air vents [8].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Clinker concrete.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Integral concrete slab with 3 1/2" RC
downstand beams [9], asbestos cement shuttering [10]
and timber battens [11].
Ceiling: Asbestos cement sheets.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and interlocking clay
tiles.

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 Cornish Flush Panel P038
Manufacturer: Selleck Nichols Alternative names: Cornish
Cornish Unit
Selleck Nichols
Designer: Selleck Nichols & Williams

Period built: 1960s

Number built:

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. None known.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Not known.
External walls rendered throughout with feature panels of Separating wall: Not known.
horizontal boarding. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) Partitions: Not known.
Gable apexes of tile hanging. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) Ground floor: Not known.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known.

REFERENCE

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 Cornish Unit Type I P039
Manufacturers: Central Cornwall Concrete & Alternative names: Cornish
Artificial Stone Co. Cornish Unit
Selleck Nicholls & Co. Selleck Nicholls
Designers: A E Beresford Selleck Nicholls & Williams
R Tonkin

Period built: 1946–1960s

Number built: 30,000 (Types I and II)

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

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Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete block Twin PRC columns.
houses. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE underbuilding. Concrete slab. DPC. Minor variations in PC panel sizes.
Mansard medium pitch hipped roof covered with concrete External walls: PC plinth units [1] with splayed joints Non-loadbearing partitions of timber stud lined with
tiles, asbestos cement slates or cedar shingles. Horizontal and vertical cracking of PRC columns. joggle jointed together with mortar. Storey height 9" x 4" plasterboard.
External walls of storey height PRC columns and High rates of carbonation and significant levels of PRC columns [2] with two grooves. Steel tie rods [3]. 4 1/2" PC block or brick separating wall in roof space.
horizontal PC panels. chloride in some PRC columns. 9" or 11" x 3' x 3" PC panels [4], cavity, PC panels [5], Roof cover of asbestos cement slates or cedar shingles.
Rounded PC corner units. Cracking of first floor ring beams. Quadrant-shaped PC corner units [6], RSA brackets [7]. Brick cladding to external walls throughout.
PC lintels and PC cornice units laid in bond.
The system was also used for flats. Separating wall: 9" PC block or brick.
Partitions: Loadbearing walls of 4" dense PC blocks.
Non-loadbearing walls of 4" clinker PC blocks.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on PC
REFERENCES cornice units.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
BRE Report BR 35 Roof: Timber frame mansard roof, bituminous felt and
NTHSc concrete tiles.

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 Cornish Unit Type II P040
Manufacturers: Central Cornwall Concrete & Alternative names: Cornish
Artificial Stone Co. Cornish Unit
Selleck Nicholls & Co. Selleck Nicholls
Designer: Selleck Nicholls & Williams

Period built: 1954–Mid 1960s

Number built: 30,000 (Types I and II)

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi detached houses. Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete block Non-loadbearing partitions of timber stud lined with
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with tiles. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE underbuilding. DPC. plasterboard.
External walls of storey height PRC columns and External walls: Concrete plinth [1]. 6 7/8" x 4" PRC Tile cladding to upper storeys.
horizontal PC panels. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and columns to first floor level [2] and 5" x 4" PRC columns
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: [3] above. 37 3/8" x 24" tapered PC panels [4], cavity,
foil-backed honeycomb plasterboard [5] to first floor
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) level and foil-backed plasterboard on timber battens [6]
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) above. 'Starter stone' PC units [7]. String course and
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) PC lintel [8] at first floor level. Steel tie rods [9]. Timber
eaves runner [10] bolted to rebated top of PRC columns.
Separating wall: 9" concrete block or brick.
Partitions: Loadbearing walls of 4" dense PC block.
Non-loadbearing walls of 4" clinker PC block.
REFERENCE Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
BRE Report BR 35 Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and concrete tiles.

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 Cosmos P041
Manufacturer: Consortium of Selected Alternative name:
Manufacturers’ Open Systems

Designer: C Davidson

Period built: 1970

Number built: 160

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2- and 3-storey houses. Significant levels of chloride in PRC wall panels. Substructure: Concrete footings. PC ground beams Ground floor of plywood on timber joists.
Medium pitch gable roof or flat roof covered with High rates of carbonation in PRC wall panels. [1]. DPC. External walls of lightweight cladding panels.
bituminous felt. First floor and roof timber panels inadequately seated and External walls: Storey height 12" x 4" or 24" x 4" PRC Roof of timber trusses.
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External walls of storey height exposed aggregate PRC fixed to PRC ring beams. dished panels [2] bolted together, cavity, storey height
panels throughout. Trimmer beam adjacent to staircase undersized and PC panels [3], 20" x 4" internal storey height corner PRC
Aluminium sliding windows with top-hung night lights. overstressed. panels, PC knee rail panel, PC lintel panels [4], PRC
Inadequate lateral restraint to front wall at first floor level spandrel panels [5]. Timber wall plate [6]. PRC ring
adjacent to staircase. beams at ground floor window head and roof level [7].
Structural adequacy of ground floor front and rear PRC Separating wall: Storey height PRC panel cavity wall.
wall panels does not comply with current standards. Partitions: Hardboard-faced sandwich panels joined by
Corrosion of cast-in sockets in wall panels and spalling loose tongues with skirtings grooved for conduit.
of concrete ribs. Ground floor: concrete.
Insufficient fire protection. First floor: Plywood on timber joists on timber wall
REFERENCE Asbestos in separating wall. plate [8] bolted to PRC wall panels.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
CIBSA 1967 The system was also used for flats. Roof: Plywood on timber joists and bituminous felt.
Services: Storey height 'cupboard' sub-assemblies
containing water and waste connections; 3 per dwelling.

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 Costain P042
Manufacturer: Costain Concrete Co. Ltd Alternative names: Cavi Costain
Cavicrete
Costain-Wilson
Designer: Richard Costain Ltd

Period built: 1950s

Number built:

No photograph available.
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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
External walls of stone-faced PC blocks.
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: Concrete block cavity underbuilding. PC dense aggregate concrete cavity blocks with trough-
Concrete slab. DPC. shaped interior face.
External walls: Dense aggregate PC blocks [1], cavity,
dense aggregate PC blocks [2] lined with Leca concrete
[3]. Reinforced wall ties [4]. PC lintels [5]. Timber wall
plate [6].
Separating wall: Dense aggregate PC block.
Partitions: Brick spine wall. Other partitions not known.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Hollow terracotta block and beam [7].
Ceilings: Plaster.
Roof: Timber trusses and tiles.

REFERENCE

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 Crosby P043
Manufacturer: J Crosby & Sons Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached and semi-detached bungalows.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls of rendered PC panels throughout.
Exposed concrete cover strips on flank wall.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: Concrete raft foundation thickened Timber stud partitions lined with plasterboard.
around perimeter to form down stand beams [1]. DPC.
External walls: Rendered [2] 8 1/4" hollow lightweight
PC wall panels [3]. 9" PRC ring beams [4]. PRC sills and
mullions.
Separating wall: Concrete block cavity wall.
Partitions: Lightweight concrete blocks.
Ground floor: Concrete covered with asphalt.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Light steel trusses, timber rafters and concrete
tiles.

REFERENCE

House construction, The Crosby System, Cement &

Concrete Association, 1946

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 Dalcot P044
Manufacturers: Dalcot Ltd Alternative name:
Dale, Cook & Thornton

Designer:

Period built: 1920s

Number built:

No photograph available.

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

External walls of concrete blocks. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. None known.
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: 9" x 9" x 9" PC corner blocks [1], 5" x 5"
RC posts [2] in H-section concrete blocks [3]. 9" x 18"
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) x 2" T&G concrete slabs [4], 5" cavity, 9" x 18" x 2" T&G
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) concrete slabs [5]. Galvanised iron ties [6]. CHECK TEXT
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Alternative arrangement: 9" x 9" x 18" PC corner blocks
[7], H-section concrete blocks [8]. 9" x 18" x 3" T&G
concrete slabs [9], 3" cavity, 9" x 18" x 3" T&G concrete
slabs [10]. Galvanised iron ties [11].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
REFERENCE First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Roof: Timber.
Interim reports of Committee on New House
Construction, 1924
Moir Report

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 Domkonstruado P045
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer: Domkonstruado Construction Co.

Period built: 1920s

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Rendered external walls throughout.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: RC foundation units [1]. Concrete External leaf of concrete, brick or stone.
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: foundation wall [2]. DPC [3]. Ground floor of concrete.
External walls: PRC columns [4] tied with metal ties Inner leaf of external walls of plaster slabs.
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) [5] to PC quoin blocks [6]. PRC beams [7]. 11 1/2" wall
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) of rendered [8] PRC slabs, cavity, clinker concrete slabs
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) [9]. Clinker concrete window sills.
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known.

REFERENCE

Interim reports by Committee of New Methods of House

Construction, 1924
Moir Report

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 Dorran P046
Manufacturer: R Tarran Alternative names: Clore Grange
Daleholme
Slingsby
Designer: R Tarran Tarran-Dorran

Period built: 1947–1951

Number built: 600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached houses. Substructure: PC underbuilding. Concrete slab. DPC. Brick underbuilding.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE External walls: PRC perimeter beams [1]. Storey height
External walls of storey height PRC panels. 1 7/8" PRC panels [2], bituminous felt, storey height A flat roofed version of this system was developed in
PRC ring beams at first floor level oversailing ground Cracking of PRC panels and ring beam. timber frame panels [3] connected by coach bolts [4] the 1960s in association with Trollope and Colls, (see
floor wall panels. High levels of carbonation and low levels of cast-in and lined with plasterboard [5]. Insulation between frame CIBSA, 1965).
chloride in PRC panels and ring beam. studs [6]. Channel section PRC ring beam [7] at first
floor level filled with mortar and reinforced with a single
horizontal bar [8]. Steel tie bars connect front and rear
walls at eaves level. Timber wall plate [9].
Separating wall: Lightweight PC block cavity wall.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on PRC
perimeter beam.
REFERENCES First floor: T&G or laminated boarding fixed by hooked
straps to horizontal reinforcement within PRC ring beam.
BRE Report BR 51 Ceilings: Plasterboard.
NTHSc Roof: Timber joists and purlins and concrete tiles.

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 Dyke CCC P047
Manufacturer: Clothed Concrete Construction Ltd Alternative names: Clothed Concrete Construction
Dyke

Designer: H G Dyke

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 450

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ceilings: Plasterboard.

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles.
External walls of storey height PRC panels.
First floor panels generally finished in darker aggregate
oversail ground floor panels.
Roof: Inverted T-shaped PRC secondary beams on RSA
Substructure: Concrete strip footings with integral pad bolted to PRC beam, timber rafters and tiles.
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE foundations. Brick underbuilding. DPC. PC plinth units [1].
Frame: Storey height L-section PC corner columns [2]
Cracking and spalling of PRC external wall components. joined by connecting plate cast into ground floor column
Cast-in chlorides not present in panels, columns and main and bolted to upper column. Storey height PC columns VARIANTS
beams, but present in posts and secondary beams. [3] with upper and lower storey columns connected with
Cracking of PRC posts. bolted steel connection plates [4]. RSA [5] bolted to External walls lined with plasterboard backed with
Some posts of HAC concrete. columns at first floor and eaves level. PRC beams [6] at ‘Corkcrete’ corkboard or expanded rubber and building

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Corrosion of RSA fixed to foundation plinth. first floor and eaves level. paper, or with hollow clay block tiles.
Outward displacement of base of ground floor wall. External walls: 5" x 3" PRC posts [7]. Storey height Partitions of hollow blocks on ground floor and timber
textured finish tray-shaped approximately 2' width PRC stud partitions filled with granulated cork and lined with
panels [8], stiffened by 3" webs on ground floor and plasterboard above.
exposed aggregate finish stiffened by 5" webs on first
REFERENCES floor, cavity, PC panels [9].
Separating wall: Storey height PRC columns, 5" PRC
Aid to identification: Dyke CCC houses (BRE OP 5, 1986) panels, cavity, plasterboard.
BRE Archive (EP 43) Partitions: Clinker PC blocks.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Inverted T-shaped PRC secondary beams [10]
on RSA [11] bolted to PRC beam [6], 1/4" restraining bar
[12].

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 East Knowle Special P048
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1939

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS:

Detached bungalows and chalet bungalows.
Steep pitch single or double gable roof covered with
tiles.
External walls of mock ashlar block.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: Not known. DPC. External walls of 4' x 5" storey height dense/clinker
External walls: 4' x 7" storey height dense [1] and aggregate PRC panels, 2" cavity, polythene DPM, 4"
clinker aggregate [2] PRC panels, cavity, storey height lightweight PC blocks, plasterboard.
timber frame [3] sheathed internally and externally with
asbestos cement sheets [4] and infilled with clinker
aggregate concrete [5].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber purlins and rafters and tiles.

REFERENCE

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 Fairweather P049
Manufacturer: H Fairweather & Co. Alternative name: Drury
Fairweather Engineering &
Design Ltd
Designers: Drury Design Service Ltd
Ronald Ward and Partners

Period built: 1963–1970s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. External wall panels of air-entrained Lytag concrete.
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height Partitions of sand:Lytag concrete.
Front and rear external walls of shiplap timber boarding timber frame panels [1] overlaid with breather membrane
throughout. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) and clad with shiplap timber boarding [2] and lined with
Flank wall of storey height PC panels. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) plasterboard [3]. Glass fibre insulation between frame
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) studs [4].
Flank wall of storey height dense PC sandwich panels
The system was also used for flats. [5] with 3" outer leaf, 1" insulation [6] and 5" inner leaf.
Drained joint [7]. Panels bolted together. 3 PC beams at
first floor level, 2 PC beams at roof level and double or
RS channels dressed in timber forming valley gutter
beam.
Separating wall: 7" storey height PC panels.
REFERENCE Partitions: 2" Stramit panels.
Ground floor: Chipboard on polystyrene insulation on
CIBSA 1968 concrete.
First floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard, Artex.
Roof: Preformed timber panels, flaxboard and
bituminous felt.

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 Falcon P050
Manufacturer: J & J Dean (Contracts) Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: L J A Wilkinson

Period built: 1960s

Number built:

No photograph available.

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2- and 3-storey houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with tiles or bituminous
felt, or flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
Front and rear external walls of sprayed texture finish
asbestos cement sheets or sidings, plywood or shiplap
timber boarding.
Gable wall of wide storey height PRC panels with sprayed
textured finish or brick with narrow storey height PRC
panels at ends.
REFERENCE
CIBSA 1968
Asbestolux in walls.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: PRC slab. PRC edge beams. Roof covered with butyl/neoprene or bituminous felt pre-
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height bonded to Stramit slabs.
timber frame panels [1] clad with sprayed texture finish Flat roof of PRC slabs and butyl/neoprene or bituminous
asbestos cement sheets [2] to first floor level and shiplap felt.
timber boarding [3] above. Lined with Asbestolux [4]. No foundation edge beams.
Polystyrene insulation [5] between frame studs.
Flank wall of brick [6], cavity, storey height polystyrene
insulated PRC panels [7]. Levelling/fixing bolts at ground
floor and first floor level [8].
Separating wall: Large storey height polystyrene
insulated PRC panels.
Partitions: Storey height PRC panels.
Ground floor: PRC slab.
Upper floors: Large PRC floor panels [9].
Ceilings: Sprayed finish to concrete panels.
Roof: Timber trussed rafters, PRC or timber purlins,
bituminous felt and tiles.

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 Farlington Special P051
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1920s

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows, chalet bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached
and detached houses.
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with tiles.
External walls of exposed plain PRC columns and PRC
beams infilled with plain PC panels throughout, or
rendered [pebbledash] to first floor level.
Chamfered external corner columns.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. External walls rendered [pebbledash] to first floor level.
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: Frame: PRC columns [1] and PRC beams [2].
External walls: 4" PC panels [3], 2" cavity, 4" PC panels
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) [4]. Metal ties [5].
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) Separating wall: Not applicable.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Not known
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known. Tiles.

REFERENCE

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 Fram P052
Manufacturer: Fram Russell Construction Ltd Alternative names: BRS Battery Cast
Fram BRS
Fram Construction
Designer: Fram Industrialised
Fram Russell

Period built: 1965–1971

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Roof: Timber rafters and trussed timber purlins and
concrete tiles.
2-storey terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Front and rear walls of eaves height PC
Front and rear walls of eaves height PC panels infilled sandwich panels [1] with 1/2" polystyrene insulation [2]
with shiplap timber boarding to first floor level and tile Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) and leaves tied together by shear connectors. Storey VARIANTS
hanging above. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) height timber frame panels [3] clad with shiplap timber
Gable wall of brick or large storey height PC panels. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) boarding [4] to first floor level and tile hanging on timber Gable wall of large storey height PC panels.
Eaves height combed concrete facade piers. battens [5] on building paper above and lined with First floor of concrete.
The system was also used for flats. plasterboard [6]. Polystyrene insulation between frame
studs [7]. 5" x 2" trussed wall beam [8], timber joist
bearer [9] bolted to trussed wall beam.
Gable wall of brick [10] tied to PC sandwich panels with
wall ties housed in galvanised MS dovetail slot [11],
cavity, 1/2" polystyrene insulation [12], 6 1/4" storey height
REFERENCES PC panels [13] tied to PC sandwich panels via 7" x 3 1/2"
RSA located in grouted pocket [14], 1/2" MS bar [15] in
CIBSA 1970 grouted pocket bridging vertical joint between panels.
NBA Certificates December 1967, 1968 Galvanised MS cavity tray fire stop [16].
Separating wall: Storey height PC panels.
Partitions: Paramount boarding.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
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Ceilings: Plasterboard.

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 Glasgow Foamed Slag P053
Manufacturer: Glasgow Corporation Alternative name:

Designers: J H Ferrie and W Kerr

Period built: 1946–51

Number built: 1650 (including flats)

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. DPC. None known.
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Rendered [1] 6" storey height foamed
External walls rendered throughout. slag aggregate PC panels [2], L-shaped storey height
Flat canopy over front door. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) foamed slag aggregate PC corner panels [3], T-shaped
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) storey height foamed slag aggregate PC junction panels
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) [4].
Separating wall: 4" storey height foamed slag
The system was also used for flats. aggregate PC panel cavity wall [4].
Partitions: 4" storey height foamed slag aggregate PC
panels.
Ground floor: Hollow PC beams [5].
First floor: Hollow PC beams [6].
Ceilings: Not known.
REFERENCES Roof: Hollow PC beams, foamed slag aggregate screed
and bituminous felt.
NTHSc
PWBS No. 23

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 GLE P054
Manufacturer: M J Gleeson Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: W H Sanders & Son

Period built: 1966–70

Number built: 250

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION
2-storey terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles or assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: underbuilding. Concrete slab. DPC.
flat roof. External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
External walls of brick throughout, or front and rear walls Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) timber frame panels [1], tied with galvanised MS ties
of timber boarding or tile hanging and gable wall of brick Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) cast into ground floor screed, clad with timber boarding
or storey height exposed aggregate PC panels to first Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) [2] and lined with foil-backed plasterboard [3]. 1" glass
floor level and brick above or brick to window head fibre insulation between frame studs [4]. Hardwood sill
height and tile hanging above. The system was also used for flats [5]. 3/8“ asbestos cement sheets [6]. 2" x 1/4" galvanised
MS fixing plate [7] fixed to edge of floor slab and timber
head and sole plates. Aluminium flashings [8]. 12" x 9"
PRC beams [9], timber fixing batten [10].
Gable wall of brick [11], 2" cavity, storey height room
sized x 5" PC panels [12], MS wall ties secured in cast-
REFERENCES in slots [13]. Panels bedded on 1" dry-pack [14] and
tied together at vertical joints with loop and lacing rein-
CIBSA 1970 forcement. Galvanised RSA [15] bolted to panel to
NBA Certificate August 1968 support trussed purlin, galvanised steel fixing plate
[16].
Separating wall: Storey height 7" PC panels.
Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: 7" concrete slab, cement/sand screed.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Trussed timber purlins and rafters and concrete
tiles.
VARIANTS
Front and rear walls clad with tile hanging on timber
battens or storey height non-loadbearing PC sandwich
panels with brick facings or exposed aggregate or brick
external leaf.
Storey height PC panels to ground floor loadbearing
cross wall in end-of-terrace properties.
Flat roof.
Flank wall of storey height PC sandwich panels with brick
facings.

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 Gregory P055
Manufacturers: Gregory Housing Ltd Alternative names:
Drury & Co. Ltd

Designer:

Period built: 1954 onward

Number built: 1500

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Mansard hipped roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls of reconstituted stone-faced clinker PC
blocks to first floor level and tile hanging to mansard
above.
REFERENCE
Gregory houses: technical information (BRE OP 34, 1986)
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
Spalling of external wall clinker PC blocks.
Inadequate cover to reinforcement in PRC columns.
Medium chloride level in PRC columns.
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. 11" filled brick Trough-shaped PRC lintels at first floor level filled with
cavity underbuilding. DPC. Concrete slab. PC plinth units concrete reinforced with triangular shaped cage.
[1]. Reinforcement protrudes from top of columns into lintel
Frame: Storey height PC columns [2] mortared into units through rebates in ends and sit on column heads.
rebates in PC plinth units, 6 5/8" x 6 5/8" PRC corner Eaves brackets with reinforcement projecting from lower
columns [3] and 5 1/4" x 6 1/4" PRC intermediate columns edge sit on lintels units. Reinforcement is tied together
[4]. PC ring beams [5] at first floor level, PC cantilever by concrete cast within lintels.
units [6] supporting upper storey. Timber edge beam
[7].
External walls: Reconstituted Ketton stone-faced clinker
PC blocks [8], 2" cavity, 3" x 9 3/4" PC blocks [9] to first
floor level. Lightweight concrete block walls located
axially on the columns and timber buttresses tied to
block walls with twisted metal lugs above.
Separating wall: 11" lightweight PC block cavity wall.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Partitions: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and concrete tiles.

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 Gregory Industrialised P056
Manufacturers: Gregory Housing Ltd Alternative names: Drury
Concrete Ltd Drury System 3
Gee Walker & Slater (Sponsor) Gregory
Designer: J Glover Gregory Crosswall

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ceilings: Plasterboard.

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of horizontal timber boarding
or asbestos cement sheets to ground floor window sill
level, tile hanging between ground floor window head level
and upper storey window sill level and timber boarding
or asbestos cement sheets between upper storey
windows.
Gable wall of brick or storey height PC exposed
aggregate panels throughout.
PC panels at gable corners and separating wall.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1965
NBA Certificates 1966, May 1967, October 1971
Spalling and cracking of E-section PRC capping units.
Outward movement of top and base of E-section PRC
capping units.
The system was also used for flats.
Roof: Timber trusses and purlins supported on seats
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete raft cast into cross walls and concrete tiles.
foundation deepened below cross walls to form downstand
beams. DPC.
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
dwelling width timber frame panels [1] clad with horizontal VARIANTS
timber boarding [2] to ground floor window sill level,
tile hanging [3] on timber battens between ground floor Front and rear external wall timber frame panels clad with
window head level and upper storey window sill level and asbestos cement sheets.
timber boarding between upper storey windows. Poly- Gable wall of storey height room sized PC exposed
styrene insulation between frame studs [4]. 3 1/2" PRC aggregate panels tied to inner concrete panels.
spandrel panel [5] bolted to PC cross walls. E-section
PRC capping unit [6] at gable corners and separating
wall.
Gable wall of brick [7], 2" cavity, 3/4” polystyrene
insulation [8], storey height room sized x 4" PC panels
[9] levelled on cast-in bolts.
Separating wall: Storey height x 7" PC panels.
Partitions: 2 1/2" Gypliner, storey height 4" intermediate
PC cross walls.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: 5 1/2" hollow PC slabs supported on PC
cross walls.

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 Hamish Cross Type I P057
Manufacturer: Abdon Clee Stone Quarry Alternative name:

Designer: Hamish Cross

Period built: 1915–1940s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey detached houses. Cracking and spalling of external PRC components. Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Clinker concrete Ground floor of timber boarding on timber joists.
Shallow pitch hipped roof covered with slates. underbuilding between columns. Concrete slab. Lightweight PC block partitions.
External walls of eaves height PRC columns with integral External walls: 6" eaves height PRC columns [1],
corbels at eaves level infilled with PRC panels. 10" x 10" PRC corner columns [2] placed directly on
Ground level PRC sill. strip foundations. 18" x 36" x 1 3/4" dense PRC panels
Chimney stack formed with PRC columns and infill panels. [3], cavity, 18" x 36" x 1 3/4" clinker PRC panels [4].
Metal windows. Separating wall: Not applicable.
Asbestos cement gutters. Partitions: PC columns with splayed head, recessed
concrete panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Coffered RC floor slabs [5] on RC beams
[6] on intermediate exposed PRC columns with splayed
head.
REFERENCE Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known. Slates and clay hip tiles.
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 Hamish Cross Type II P058
Manufacturer: Abdon Clee Stone Quarry Alternative name:

Designer: Hamish Cross

Period built: 1915–1940s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Cracking and spalling of PRC columns and ring beams. Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Clinker concrete Ground floor of timber boarding on timber joists.
Medium or steep pitch hipped or gable roof covered with Movement of roof members and external walls, underbuilding between columns.
concrete tiles. sufficient to require external propping. External walls: 6" x 9" (ground floor) and 6" x 6" (first
External walls of storey height PRC columns infilled with floor) storey height PRC columns [1] with 10" x 2" slot
PRC panels. [2], 10" x 10" PRC corner columns [3] placed directly
Exposed PRC ring beam at first floor level. on strip foundations. 1 3/4" x 18" dense PRC panels [4],
Bay or flush windows to front elevations. cavity, 1 3/4" x 18" clinker PRC panels [5]. 15" x 1 1/2"
square PRC spacers [6], MS retaining clip [7] attached
to [6]. Trough-shaped PRC ring beams [8] at first floor
level infilled with RC [9]. RC ring beams [10] at eaves
level. Timber wall plate [11].
Separating wall: Clinker PC blocks.
Partitions: 3 1/2" clinker PC blocks.
REFERENCE Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and concrete tiles.

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 Hardy P059
Manufacturer: T E Hardy Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1920s

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. First floor of concrete.
External walls rendered [roughcast] or PC block assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: Frame: Double PRC columns [1] tied with galvanised External walls of 2 1/2" PC blocks, cavity, 2" PC blocks.
throughout. iron plates. PRC beams [2] bolted through MS brackets
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) [3] to inner column projection.
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) External walls: Rendered [4] PC blocks [5], cavity,
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) clinker PC blocks [6]. Wall ties [7], metal ties [8].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known.

REFERENCE

Bemis A F, The evolving house. Vol. III Rational design

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 HDC P060
Manufacturer: Housing Development & Alternative names: Housing Development &
Construction Ltd Construction
IDC
Designer: Housing and Planning
Consultants Ltd

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced
houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with bituminous felt or
copper.
External walls of eaves height PC panels alternating with
feature panels of horizontal timber boarding or asbestos
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Variable depth of cover to reinforcement in PC panels:
some stirrups corroded.
Carbonation to inside face of external wall panels and
corrosion of reinforcement.
Loose steel channel connecting bolts.
Corrosion of foil-backed plasterboard.
CONSTRUCTION
Substructure: 2' 6" x 2' 6" concrete pads [1] at corners
and 2' 6" x 5' 6" beneath junction of separating and
external walls. One or two 1" locating dowels [2], PRC
perimeter beams [3] rebated at corners to form half-lap
joints and levelled on steel shims [4] and mortar at
corners. DPM. 1/2" MS plate covering 15 5/8" x 13 1/2" x 6"
Partitions: 2 1/4" plasterboard sandwich partitions.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Plywood on timber joists [16] on RSJ floor
beams supported by RS hollow box sections, and on
timber wall plate at separating wall and RSJ floor support
beam supported by RS hollow box stanchions, see
Figure [A].
Ceilings: Plasterboard.

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cement sheets. concrete pads cast on top of foundation pads at Roof: Four prefabricated plywood box beams [17]
The system was also used for flats. junction with separating and external walls. DPC [5]. bolted with MS plate [18] to each truss ceiling tie and
External walls: 2" eaves height dished PC panels [6], bituminous felt. Integral guttering.
thickened at perimeter by central vertical rib, located by
2 MS dowels at top of PRC perimeter beams, PVC baffle
and neoprene tube [7], timber framing lined with foil-
backed plasterboard [8]. Insulation between frame studs VARIANTS
REFERENCES [9]. Eaves height timber frame panels [10], fixed to PC
panels with RSA cleats [11], clad with horizontal timber Piled substructure.
CIBSA, 1965 boarding [12] and lined with foil-backed plasterboard
Interbuild, System Building 2 [13]. Insulation between frame studs [14]. RSC perimeter
beams [15] bolted to top of inner face of PC panels.
Plated ends of front and rear wall beams bolted to
separating wall.
Separating wall: 6" PC panels located in rebate in
ground floor slab and lined with plasterboard.

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 Hertsmere Special P061
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built:

Number built:

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. None known.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Not known.
External walls of exposed PRC columns and beams Separating wall: Not known.
infilled with PC panels. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) Partitions: Not known.
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) Ground floor: Not known.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) First floor: Not known.
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Ceilings: Not known.

Roof: Not known.

REFERENCE

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 Hexham Special P062
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1920s

Number built: 6

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. External walls rendered.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles or slates. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: PRC storey height columns [1], PRC Block partitions.
External walls rendered throughout. ground sills [2], PRC beams at window sill [3] and eaves Ground floor of timber and concrete.
Exposed columns and beams. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) level [4]. PRC lintels [5]. PC infill panels [6] with brushed Roof cover of tiles.
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) finish, cavity, clinker aggregate PC panels [7]. Gable
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) apex of block.
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: PC panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses and tiles.

REFERENCE

342 --`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 343

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 Howells P063
Manufacturer: E O C Howells Alternative name:

Designer: E O C Howells

Period built: 1920s

Number built:
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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles or slates.
External walls of PC block columns (asymmetric at
corners) infilled with PC blocks or rendered [roughcast]
throughout.
PC ground level sill.
PRC window subframes and canopy over front door.
Some houses have 2-storey gable roof bay to front
elevation.
REFERENCE
Moir Report
Cracking between concrete slab and PC block corner and
intermediate columns.
Cracking of hollow PC block external walls.
Spalling of exposed cantilevered ends to first floor PRC
ceiling joists.
Not investigated in detail by BRE. Guidance on
inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete
durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete under- External walls rendered [roughcast] throughout.
building. Slate DPC. Concrete ground level sill [1]. External walls of rendered eaves height gable window
External walls: Asymmetric 8" hollow PC block corner bays to front elevation.
columns [2] and intermediate columns [3] filled with External walls of 3" PRC blocks.
dense RC [4]. 9" x 18" x 2" PC blocks [5], 3" cavity, First floor of concrete.
9" x 18" x 2" PC blocks [6], wall ties [7], MS reinforce- Staircase of concrete with concrete balustrades.
ment [8] in bed joints. RC ring beams [9] at first floor Roof of PRC first floor ceiling joists cantilevered out over
and eaves level with reinforcement laced with column wall plate to support rafters and covered with slates.
reinforcement. PRC concrete door and window Bitumen DPC.
surrounds. Concrete skirting board.
Separating wall: Concrete slab cavity wall.
Partitions: Clinker PC block.
Ground floor: Concrete on timber block.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on RC ring
beam.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and tiles.

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 HSSB P064
Manufacturer: SLP Industrialised Building Alternative name: High Speed System Building
Lindsay Parkinson
Parkinson
Designer: Lindsay Parkinson

Period built: 1964–late 1960s

Number built: 660

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2- and 3-storey terraced houses. Misplaced or missing vertical lacing and loop reinforce- Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete ground Roof of timber trusses and concrete tiles.
Medium pitch roof covered with concrete tiles or flat roof ment between panels. beam [1]. Concrete slab. DPC. First floor of T&G boarding on timber joists.
covered with asphalt. Missing or incorrectly placed steel ties between floor slab External walls: 4 1/2" brick panels [2], cavity, External walls of lightweight PC panels clad with building
External walls of brick panels throughout, or horizontal and PRC ring beam. approximately 5' x 12' x 4 1/2" no-fines PC panels [3]. paper, timber battens and vertical or horizontal timber
or vertical timber boarding, or infilled with timber frame Varying levels of compaction of in-situ and precast Cement mortar grout to brick panels [4]. Galvanised MS boarding.
panels. concrete. wall ties [5]. Aluminium cavity flashing [6]. 4" x 6" PRC PRC panel cavity external walls with brushed aggregate
Some dwellings have exposed PRC ring beams at first Spalling of concrete in PRC ring beams, PRC corner corner posts [7]. Galvanised MS locating bracket at top finish.
floor and eaves level. posts and external staircase areas. of brick panels connected to corner posts with cast in Storey height timber frame panels with various claddings.
High rates of carbonation and significant levels of bolt [8]. Cement mortar filling to joint [9]. 10" x 18" Brick-faced PRC ring beams.
chloride in PRC ring beams and corner posts. PRC ring beam [10] at first floor and eaves level.
Expanded polystyrene insulation [11].
The system was also used for flats. Separating wall: 8" half storey height PC panels.
Partitions: Half storey height PC panels lined with
REFERENCES plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
CIBSA 1967 Upper floors: Asphalt on screeded hollow core PRC
NBA Certificate May 1967 floor panels.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: PRC hollow cored roof slabs [12], lightweight
sand/cement screed and asphalt.

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 Industricon P065
Manufacturer: Willett Industricon Ltd Alternative name: Willett Industricon

Designer:

Period built: 1971

Number built: 28

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles or
flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
External front and rear walls of timber boarding panels
to first floor level and horizontal timber boarding above.
PRC beams at first floor and eaves level.
--`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: PRC ground beams [1]. DPC. Roof of timber joists, Stramit board and bituminous felt.
Frame: 15" x 6" [2] and 6" x 6" [3] PRC columns,
16" x 6" PRC perimeter beams [4], 13" x 6" PRC beams
[5]. Rebated PRC spine beam [6] bolted to PRC perimeter
beams via MS angle [7], see Figure [A].
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height

Gable wall of PRC panels. timber frame panels clad with timber boarding [8] to first
The system was also used for flats. floor level and horizontal timber boarding above. Lined
with foil-backed plasterboard [9]. Insulation between frame
studs [10].
Gable wall of storey height 3" PRC panels [11], cavity,
insulation [12], storey height 3" PRC panels [13].
Timber blocking [14]. 3" x 3" MS angles [15]. 3/4"
REFERENCES sherardised bolts [16]. Concrete stitch [17]. Seal [18].
Separating wall: Storey height 3" PRC panel cavity
CIBSA 1970 wall. 1" wire reinforced insulation in cavity.
NBA Certificates October 1966, March 1971 Partitions: Honeycomb plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trussed rafters and concrete tiles.

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 Jansel P066
Manufacturer: H C Janes Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: H C Janes Ltd

Period built: 1960s

Number built:
--`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: 2' 6" square concrete column bases. 2" First floor: Chipboard on timber joists.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with Nuralite roofing or assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: x 9" concrete edge beams. Concrete slab. DPM. Ceilings: Plasterboard.
interlocking concrete tiles. Frame: 9" x 4 1/2" eaves height PRC columns [1], 9 1/4" Roof: Prefabricated timber units and Nuralite roofing.
Front and rear external walls of asbestos cement sheets Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) and 8" RSC lattice beams [2] with timber inserts at first
or brick to first floor level and tile hanging above. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) floor and eaves level connected to PRC columns by
Gable wall rendered [pebbledash]. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) brackets bolted to cast-in lugs.
Gable apex of steel sheets. External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height VARIANTS
timber frame panels [3], with intermediate hollow box RS
stanchions [4], sheathed externally with plywood and clad Roof of timber trusses and interlocking concrete tiles.
with asbestos cement sheets [5] to first floor level and Ground floor front and rear external walls of brick.
and tile hanging on timber battens above [6] and lined
with foil-backed plasterboard [7]. Insulation between
frame studs [8]. 2 1/2" x 11" PRC cover strips fixed to
REFERENCE separating and external wall junction with Abbey clips.
Gable wall of pebbledash render [9] 3" x 12' x 2' 10"
Interbuild, System Building 2 PRC panels [10] fixed to PRC columns by RSA angle
clips [11]. 2 1/2" x 4' 1 9/16" L-shaped PRC corner units
[12] fixed to PRC columns by Abbey clips and joined
along top and bottom edges by recessed steel dowels.
Separating wall: 3" x 3' 2" and 4' 10" x 11' 10" PRC
panel cavity wall. Cavity filled with sand.

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 Jespersen 12M P067
Manufacturer: John Laing Construction Ltd Alternative names: 12M Jespersen
Jespersen
Laing
Designer: P E Malmstrom Laing Crosswall

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 4700

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Bungalows and 2-storey houses.
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
Front and rear external walls of PC spandrel panels
infilled with vertical timber boarding or other claddings.
Flank wall of storey height PC panels or brick.
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION
Low to significant levels of chloride in concrete Substructure: Concrete strip foundations. Concrete
components. slab. DPC.
Spalling, carbonation and low concrete cover to External walls: Front and rear walls of PC spandrel
reinforcement in concrete components. panels [1], butyl rubber flashing [2], 1 1/2" paper-faced
Variable compaction of concrete forming joints between mineral wool insulation [3], 1 1/8" hardboard-faced poly-
components. styrene panel [4]. Galvanised RSA (boxed in) [5] fixed to
Cracking of PC wall panels. floor and roof slabs. PC coping unit [6]. Storey height
timber frame panels, supported on galvanised MS plates
The system was also used for flats. cast into ground floor slab and bolted to first floor slabs,
First floor: T&G boarding on timber battens on 7" x 4'
hollow PC floor slabs.
Wind bracing: Storey height PC narrow panel in centre
of dwelling between ground and roof slabs.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Hollow 7" x 4' PC roof slabs, pre-felted
polystyrene slabs [14] and bituminous felt.
VARIANTS

--`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
clad with vertical timber boarding [7] backed with breather
membrane and lined with plasterboard [8]. Mineral wool Gable wall of brick, cavity, PRC panels.
insulation between frame studs [9]. Narrow storey height PRC panels to front and rear
Flank wall of storey height 4' or 8' x 13" PC sandwich elevation.
REFERENCES panels [10] with 1 1/2" polystyrene, located on levelled
bolts [11] and supported on drypack concrete [12].
BRE Report BR 107 Horizontal in-situ joints contain loop reinforcement from
NBA Certificates March 1966, 1967 floor and roof slabs and two horizontal lacing bars [13].
Scottish NBA Certificate March 1966 PC coping units.
Separating wall: Storey height 7" PC panels.
Partitions: Asbestos-cement-faced chipboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.

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 Kenkast P068
Manufacturer: Kenkast Buildings Ltd Alternative name: Kencast

Designer:

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 1000

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached and semi-detached bungalows. Hairline cracking between components. Substructure: Concrete pads below columns. Concrete External front wall of storey height timber frame panels
Medium pitch gable roof covered with slates or tiles. raft foundation. DPC. clad with vertical T&G timber boarding backed with
External walls rendered throughout. External walls: 6" PRC kerb units [1]. 6" square storey bituminous felt on timber studding.
Tile hanging at gable apex. height PRC columns [2]. Rendered [3] 3" x 2' x 3' 3" PRC
Some bungalows have vertical timber boarding below slabs [4] reinforced with 1/8" steel mesh and bolted with
some front wall windows. 8 1/2" x 1/4" bolts, 5" x 1 1/2" timber fillets impregnated with
preservative [5], polystyrene backed plasterboard [6].
Tile hanging nailed to timber battens [7] secured to gable
end roof truss.
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Brown asphalt on felt underlay on
concrete.
REFERENCE First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
CIBSA 1970 Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and slates.

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 Ketton P069
Manufacturer: Ketton Cement Co. Alternative name:

Designer: Ketton Cement Co.

Period built: 1920s

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows.
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with tiles.
External walls rendered throughout, or exposed storey
height PRC columns and PRC eaves beams and rendered
PC infill panels.
RC plinths and PRC window sills.
REFERENCE
Cracking of PRC columns and RC plinths.
Substructure: Brick underbuilding. RC plinth. Concrete External walls with painted PRC columns and PRC beams.
slab.
Frame: Storey height 6" PRC columns [1] and PRC
beams [2].
External walls: Rendered [3] 2 1/2" PC panels [4],
cavity, mesh reinforced PRC panels [5].
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Concrete in kitchen.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and tiles.

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 Kincorth Mk III P070
Manufacturer: Alexander Hall & Son Ltd Alternative names: Harley Haddow
Kincorth

Designer: T Harley Haddow & Partners

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 400

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles.
Front and rear external walls of storey height PC panels
infilled with timber boarding.
Gable wall of decorative facing brick or stone.
Gable apex of sheets or vertical timber boarding.
Some houses have horizontal band of tiles at first floor
level.
PC ground level sill units.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1967
Scottish NBA Certificate April 1966
System Building 3, Interbuild, 1965
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick or PC Mk I and II
underbuilding. PC sill units. Concrete slab. DPC. Gable wall of 3" decorative finish concrete outer leaf,
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height 3' polythene-coated Kraft paper bonded to both sides of
PC panels [1], storey height timber frame panels [2] clad insulation, 1" polystyrene insulation, 6" storey height PC
with timber boarding [3] and lined with plasterboard [4]. panels.
Insulation between frame studs [5]. PC lintel at first floor Bronze wall ties.
and eaves level [6]. Timber wall plate [7]. MS plate ties
and angles.
Gable wall of decorative facing brick or artificial stone [8],
1" cavity, polythene-coated Kraft paper, 1" polystyrene
insulation [9], storey height 4" PC panels [10], cast-in
wall ties. Gable apex panel [11], MS plate ties and angles.
Separating wall: Storey height 7" PC panels.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Chipboard on timber battens on concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Trussed rafters and tiles.

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 Kingsthorne Special P071
Manufacturer: D W Smith Alternative name: King’s Thorn

Designer:

Period built: 1956

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete foundations. None known.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Render [Tyrolean] [1], storey height
External walls rendered [Tyrolean] with exposed PRC T-section PRC columns [2], 1 1/8" x 21" x 36" PRC panels
columns. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) [3], cavity, timber noggins [4], foil-backed hollow core
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) plasterboard [5].
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: Timber stud. Spine wall of block.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses, bituminous felt and tiles.

REFERENCE

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 Lecaplan Type A P072
Manufacturer: W & C French Ltd Alternative name: Lecaplan

Designer: J C Tilley
Stanley Bragg & Associates

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 1600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls of Leca PC panels throughout, or front
and rear walls of Leca lightweight PC panels infilled with
timber shiplap boarding and gable wall of storey height
Leca PC panels with apex of horizontal timber boarding.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1967
NBA Certificates February 1966, May 1967
Bowing of first floor gable PC panels.
Diagonal cracking at base of gable PC panels.
Substructure: Concrete pads. PC ground beams [1]. External walls of Leca PC panels throughout.
Concrete slab. DPC.
External walls: Front and rear walls of eaves height Leca
PC panels [2] infilled with storey height timber frame
panels sheathed externally with plywood overlaid with
building paper and clad with shiplap timber boarding [3]
and sheathed internally with hardboard and lined with
plasterboard [4] backed with polyethylene vapour control
layer. Polystyrene insulation between frame studs [5].
3 5/8" x 5 3/4" timber beam [6] at eaves level.
Gable wall of storey height PC Leca panels [7] bolted [8]
to column panels. Concrete stitch [9] containing bolt
head. Gable apex of horizontal timber boarding [10] on
timber framing [11] fixed to PC panel.
Separating wall: Storey height PC Leca panels.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G chipboard on timber joists on PC floor
slabs [12] bolted to and seated on rebated head of
ground floor wall panels.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trussed rafters and concrete tiles.
--`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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 Lecaplan Type B P073
Manufacturer: W & C French Ltd Alternative name: Lecaplan

Designer: J C Tilley

Period built: 1960s–1970s

Number built: 1600

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ceilings: Plasterboard.

2-storey terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls of storey height PC panels.
Gable apex of horizontal timber boarding.
Partially enclosed PC front porch.
--`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Roof: Timber trussed rafters and concrete tiles. Plaschem
Substructure: Concrete pads. PC ground beams [1]. lining to ceiling joists.
Concrete slab. DPC.
External walls: Front and rear walls of 9" storey height
PC panels [2], with MS loop [3] cast into lower panel, MS
bar cast into panel [4] located in grouted pocket in base VARIANTS
of PC panel, insulation and vapour control layer [5] fixed
to wall panel with Bostik adhesive, RSA welded to MS First floor spandrel PC panels.
plate projecting into corner pocket. Cement grout [6].
Gable wall of 8" storey height PC panels [7], 1/2"
insulation and vapour control layer fixed to wall panels
with Bostik adhesive, MS loop cast into lower panel, MS
bar cast into panel and 1 1/4" plate welded to MS loop

located in grouted pocket in base of PC panels [8].

REFERENCES Gable apex of horizontal timber boarding [9] on timber
framing [10] fixed to PC panel below.
CIBSA 1970 Separating wall: Storey height PC panels.
NBA Certificate December 1971 Partitions: Hardboard-faced flaxboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G chipboard on timber joists on coffered
PC panels [11] bolted to ground floor wall panels [12]
screwed into MS plate [13] welded to MS loop cast into
lower panel.

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 Lightning Construction P074
Manufacturer: Lightning Construction Co. Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1920s

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete raft foundation. Concrete pads Floors and roof of fabric reinforced concrete.
Steep pitch gable roof covered with tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: below columns. Concrete slab.

External walls rendered throughout.
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
REFERENCES
--`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Frame: Storey height PRC columns [1] and PRC beams
[2] with concrete connections.
External walls: Rendered [3] 9" x 18" x 2 1/2" dense
aggregate PC slabs [4], 2" cavity, 9" x 18" x 2 1/2"
clinker aggregate PC slabs [5].
Separating wall: Storey height PRC columns [6], 2 1/2"
clinker aggregate PC slab cavity wall [7].
Partitions: Clinker aggregate PC slabs.
Ground floor: PRC slabs.
First floor: 1' 9" PRC slabs on PRC beams [8].
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: 1' 9" PRC roof trusses [9] and tiles.

Housing, 2 February 1920

Moir Report

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 Lilleshall P075
Manufacturer: The Lilleshall Co. Ltd Alternative names: Scotfast
Scotfast Taybank

Designer: The Lilleshall Co. Ltd

Stephen E Dobson

Period built: 1959–70

Number built: 400

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

--`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and chalet bungalows.
Shallow, medium or steep pitch gable roof covered with
tiles.
External walls rendered or fairfaced PC, or with tile
hanging to gable apex, or with front and rear walls
infilled with timber boarding below windows.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Brick underbuilding. Concrete slab. Front and rear external walls infilled with storey height
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Rendered storey height PRC panels of timber frame panels clad with timber boarding below
widths in multiples of 16", insulation, 1 1/2" timber battens windows.
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) and internal finish to choice.
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) Partitions: Not known.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses and concrete tiles.

REFERENCE

CIBSA 1970

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 Livett-Cartwright P076
Manufacturer: N B Bell & Co. Ltd Alternative names: Bell-Livett
Index
Leeds Corporation
Designer:

Period built: 1948–56

Number built: 30

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete pads at corners and at inter- None known.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with interlocking assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: mediate positions along external and separating walls
concrete tiles. and at centre of house. PRC plinth units. DPC.
External walls of storey height plain PRC panels Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) External walls: Storey height 3' x 2" exposed aggregate
throughout. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) trough-shaped PRC panels with 3" flanges [1], cavity, storey
Flush PRC band course at first floor level. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) height 2 3/4"Bellrock panels [2], 6" PRC band course units
PC window sills. [3] at first floor and eaves level. Timber wall plate [4].
Flat canopy over front door. 9" x 9" PRC column in centre of house.
Separating wall: 7 1/4" Bellrock panel cavity wall.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with asbestos wall board.
Ground floor: Concrete.
--`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.

Ceilings: Not known.
REFERENCE Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and interlocking
concrete tiles.

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 Loudon Mk II P077
Manufacturer: W Loudon & Son Ltd Alternative name: Loudon

Designer:

Period built: 1970s

Number built: 144

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

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2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip foundations. In-situ RC External walls of brick throughout.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: ground beam. Concrete slab [1]. DPC. External walls of PC panels infilled with storey height
External walls of brick throughout, or PC panels infilled External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height timber frame panels clad with asbestos cement sheets.
with asbestos cement sheets, or horizontal timber Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) timber frame panels [2] to first floor level clad with
boarding to first floor level and PRC panels above. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) horizontal timber boarding [3] and lined with plaster-
Gable wall of storey height PRC panels and PRC panels Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) board [4], vapour control layer [5], mineral fibre thermal
at apex. insulation between studs [6], breather paper [7] and
horizontal boarding. 8" thick PRC panels incorporating
windows to first floor [8].
Gable wall of storey height 8" PC sandwich panels [9].
Vertical in-situ joints contain loop reinforcement from
adjacent panels [10]. PRC sandwich panels to gable
apex [11].
REFERENCES Separating wall: Storey height 7" PRC panels.
Partitions: Loadbearing walls of timber stud. Non-
Information from Scottish Office loadbearing walls of honeycomb plasterboard.
NBA Certificate1969 Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Prefabricated floor panels on 7" x 1 1/2"
timber trimmers on MS hanger.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Trussed softwood rafters at 24" centres. Concrete
interlocking tiles on battens and counterbattens.

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 Mac-Girling P078
Manufacturer: Girlings Ferro-Concrete Co. Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: J E M MacGregor

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls of vertically fluted reconstituted stone-
faced hollow PC blocks.
Inverted scallop shell concrete canopy over front door.
REFERENCE
Aid to identification: Mac-Girling houses (BRE OP 6, 1983)
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. 2 courses of First floor of 6" deep hollow rectangular PRC beams.
plain-faced PC blocks [1]. DPC. Roof of steel trusses.
External walls: 4' x 2' x 11" PC cavity blocks [2] with
vertically fluted external leaf of reconstituted stone and
plain-faced inner leaf of cellular concrete. 6" x 3" RC
columns [3] cast within cavity formed by profiled ends
of cavity blocks and connected to PC eaves units [4]
with RC core forming continuous tie. Fluted PC corner
blocks [5]. Fluted PRC lintel [6] over openings. PC
window jamb and sill [7].
Separating wall: 4" lightweight cellular concrete block
cavity wall bonded to external wall by steel cramps.
Partitions: Loadbearing walls of PC block. Non-
loadbearing walls of lightweight PC block.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber joists and purlins and concrete tiles.

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 Malthouse P079
Manufacturer: W Malthouse Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: Sheffield City Architect

Period built: 1940s–1950s

Number built: 50

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with asbestos cement
tiles or flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
External walls of brick or dense PRC panels throughout.
Visible junctions between adjacent panels.
PC surrounds to door and window frames.
PC canopy over front door.
Hipped roof houses have eaves height rectangular flat
roofed bay containing front door.
REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 19)
Movement at junctions between PRC panels.
Corrosion of light reinforcement in PRC panels.
High rates of carbonation in dense PRC panels.
Substructure: Concrete strip footings [1]. 2-course blue External walls and separating wall of dense PRC panels.
brick DPC. External walls and partitions lined with render.
External walls: Lightly reinforced brick [2] cavity walls Partitions of woodwool slabs or 3" foamed slag concrete
lined with 2" rendered foamed slag concrete (or 1/2" cork panels.
grooved and keyed to concrete). PRC surrounds to door Roof of RSA trusses and asbestos cement tiles.
and window frames [3], wall ties [4].
Separating wall: Brick cavity wall.
Partitions: Hollow clay blocks.
Ground floor: RC topped 10" x 10" x 4 3/4" hollow clay
blocks [5] and 2" RC beams [6] with ends toothed to fit
recesses formed in external walls.
First floor: RC topped 10" x 10" x 4 3/4" hollow clay
blocks and 2" RC beams with ends toothed to fit
recesses formed in the external walls.
Ceilings: 3/4" foamed slag render [7].
Staircase: 2 PRC units, cork treads, oak nosings.
Roof: RC slabs and bituminous felt.

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 Marley P080
Manufacturer: Marley Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: Marley Ltd

Period built: 1964–73

Number built: 200

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles.
External walls of storey height aggregate finish PRC panels
or brick, partially infilled on front and rear walls clad with
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Substructure: Not known.
External walls: Storey height 2' aggregate finish PRC
panels [1] with panel joints sealed with Hypalon
H-section seals [2].
Front and rear walls infilled with storey height timber
External walls of storey height PRC panels, insulation
and plasterboard.
External walls of brick with PC panel inner leaf.
Partitions lined with plasterboard.

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vertical timber boarding. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) frame panels [3] clad with vertical timber boarding [4]
Gable apex of horizontal timber boarding. and lined with Plaslin or Paramount board [5]. Insulation
between frame studs [6]. Gable apex of horizontal
timber boarding [7].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Plaslin or Paramount board.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Not applicable.
REFERENCE Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses and interlocking concrete tiles.
CIBSA 1970

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 MeTraCon P081
Manufacturer: Selleck, Nicholls & Williams Ltd Alternative names: Selleck Nicholls
Selleck Nicholls & Williams

Designer: Selleck, Nicholls & Williams Ltd

Period built: 1964–79

Number built: 40

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2- and 3-storey houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of storey height exposed
aggregate PC panels infilled with timber frame panels to
first floor level and horizontal timber boarding above.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Substructure: Not known. None known.
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
32" exposed aggregate PC panels infilled with storey
height timber frame panels to first floor level and storey
height timber frame panels clad with horizontal timber

Gable wall of storey height exposed aggregate PC panels
to first floor level and horizontal timber boarding above.
REFERENCE
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
The system was also used for flats.
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boarding above.
Gable wall of storey height exposed aggregate PC panels
to first floor level and storey height timber frame panels
clad with horizontal timber boarding above. Lined with
Paramount partitions throughout.
Separating wall: Timber frame cavity wall backed with
insulation and lined with plasterboard.
Partitions: Paramount partitions. Spine wall of timber
stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
Upper floors: Timber.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses and concrete tiles.

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 MFC P082
Manufacturers: F C Precast Concrete Ltd Alternative name: MFC Housing
W Moss & Sons Ltd

Designers: Miall Rhys-Davies & Partners

A MacDonald

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 900

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ground floor: Concrete.

Bungalows and 2- and 3-storey terraced houses.
Shallow or medium pitch gable or monopitch roof
covered with concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of storey height PC panels
to first floor level and tile hanging or aluminium sheets
above.
Gable wall of brick throughout returned around corners.
REFERENCES
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Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
The system was also used for flats.
Upper floors: Chipboard on timber joists fixed to gable
Substructure: Concrete raft foundation [1]. DPM. wall with 1 1/4" MS cramp [15] turned over wall and
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height supported on MS lintel over openings in internal
3' x 6 1/2" PC panels with 1" polystyrene cast-in [2] to partitions.
first floor level, located on 3/4" dowels and fixed to gable Ceilings: Plasterboard.
panels by 3/4" SS bolts with washer and cast-in socket Roof: Timber trusses, PC purlins and concrete tiles.
[3]. Storey height timber frame panels [4] sheathed
externally with plywood [5] and clad with tile hanging on
timber battens [6] and lined with foil-backed plaster-
board [7] above. Glass fibre insulation between frame VARIANTS
studs [8].
Gable wall clad with brick [9], expanded polystyrene Front and rear first floor external walls clad with
insulation in cavity [10], storey height 5 1/2" PC panels aluminium sheets.
[11] bedded on drypack and levelled on 1" HT steel
dowel bar. 4" PC apex panel with fixing battens cast-in
[12]. Galvanised MS fire stop [13] at first floor and

NBA Certificates June 1966, July 1968 eaves level.

CIBSA 1967 Separating wall: 7" storey height PC panels, bedded
on dry pack and levelled on 1" HT steel dowel bar, with
rebate on each side of panel at first floor level to house
7" x 1 1/2" bridging joists [14] at alternate joist spacing.
Partitions: Loadbearing walls of storey height PC
panels. Non-loadbearing walls of Paramount partitions.

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 Minniel P083
Manufacturer: W W Love & Sons Alternative name: Love

Designer:

Period built: 1920s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with slates.
External walls of smooth render to first floor level and
roughcast render above.
Projecting PRC beam ends at first floor level.
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Cracking and spalling of PRC beams and columns.
Low concrete cover to PRC beams and columns.
No end or side cover to reinforcement in RC ridge beam.
Poorly compacted concrete to roof truss tie beams.
Porous render.
Water penetration of frame members.
Substructure: Concrete raft foundation. Exposed PRC panels to ground floor external wall.
Frame: Storey height 9" x 9" PRC columns [1] with base
cast into foundations. 12"–15" PRC perimeter beams
[2]. 9" x 9" PRC upper storey unit comprising first floor
columns, floor and ceiling joists and roof members [3].
12" RC eaves beams [4]. RC ridge beam [5].
External walls: Rendered [6] 3' x 6" PRC panels [7]
with two vertical strips of concrete spacers [8].
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Ground floor of concrete. First floor of brick.

Ground floor: Concrete.

First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
REFERENCE Roof: PRC trusses, PRC panels, timber battens, purlins
and boarding and slates.
Moir Report

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 MOD Special P084
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer: Ministry of Defence

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 43

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Brick underbuilding. Concrete slab. False ceiling finished with plasterboard.
Flat roof covered with asphalt. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Storey height 4 1/4" T-section PRC Shallow pitch roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls of storey height PRC columns and infilled columns [1], 3' PC panels slotted between adjacent
with PC panels. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) columns [2], cavity, PC panels [3].
PRC window sills. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) Separating wall: Not known.
Header tanks located on roof adjacent to chimney stack. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Partitions: Storey height PRC columns infilled with PC
panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: None.
Roof: Tapered PRC beams [4], PRC panels [5] and
asphalt.

REFERENCE

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 Modus P085
Manufacturer: The Amey Chivers Housing Co. Ltd Alternative name: Amey Chivers

Designer: Alex Robertson, Peter Francis and

Partners
R H Sims
Period built: 1966–70

Number built: 280

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced
houses.
Shallow or medium pitch gable roof covered with
concrete tiles.
Some houses have shallow pitch roof with gable to front
elevation.
External walls rendered or of textured storey height PC
panels throughout, or front and rear walls of timber
boarding to first floor level and PC spandrel panels and
PC panels above.
Gable apex of PC panels or tile hanging.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1967
NBA Certificates September 1966, October 1969
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Concrete pad foundations. PC ground Rendered external wall panels.
beams [1]. DPC [2]. Front and rear walls of timber frame panels clad with
External walls: Storey height double skin large PC timber boarding to first floor level and double leaf PC
panels [3] with 2 1/2" outer leaf, 1" insulation and 3 1/2" spandrel panels and double leaf PC panels above.
inner leaf. Lead flashing at cruciform junction [4], Roof of timber purlins and rafters.
preformed rubber bitumen sealant [5]. 16" x 3" flat MS
plate [6] housed in recess in panel face and bolted
across vertical junction at cruciform. RSA [7] bolted to
panel. Cast-in timber batten [8].
Separating wall: Storey height PC panels fixed to
external walls with 5" x 5" RSAs, loop reinforcement and
vertical site bar.
Partitions: Storey height PC panels and compressed
strawboard panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses, MS wind brace attached to wall
panel by RSA, concrete tiles.

388 --`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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 Morrell P086
Manufacturer: E H Bradley & Sons Alternative name: Bradley

Designer: K Morrell

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 2
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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Separating wall: 8" dense PC block cavity wall tied to
frame at first floor level.
2-storey semi-detached houses. Diagonal cracking of render below first floor windows. Substructure: Concrete pad below column bases. Partitions: Ground floor of 3" dense PC blocks. First
Steep pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. Concrete strip foundation. Concrete slab. DPC. floor of 3" clinker PC blocks.
External walls rendered throughout. Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance Frame: Storey height 6" x 4" PRC columns [1] with Ground floor: Concrete.
Metal windows fixed into PRC surrounds. on inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete projecting arms at head and foot; wall columns have First floor: 4" x 1' 3" x 8' PRC dished units [14] square
Combined PRC eaves course and gutter units. durability is given in: projections on both sides and corner columns on one rebated to take wood fixing blocks and horizontal joint
Circular concrete chimney pots. side. PRC lintels [2] at first floor level seated on and containing continuity reinforcement.
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) bolted to column arms and supported on RSA cleats [3] Ceilings: Lime mortar with distemper.
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) at corner columns. RSJ [4] fixed to wall columns with Roof: Timber rafters and concrete tiles.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) RSC cleats supported at mid-span by 6" x 4" PRC
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19 column.
External walls: Rendered [5] 13 1/2" x 5 5/8" x 2 1/2"
dished dense PC blocks [6] and 10 1/2" x 5 5/8" x 4 1/2" VARIANTS
plain-faced quoin blocks at return, cavity [7], 2" foamed
REFERENCE slag PC blocks [8] with joggled vertical joints, timber None known.
battens [9] lined with fibreboard [10]. Longitudinal ties
BRE Archive (EP6) [11] grouted into PRC columns and bedded into alternate
course of blocks. Square Grip wall ties [12]. Continuous
lead flashing across cavity at first floor level [13] and
across gable wall at first floor ceiling level. DPC over
openings. Integral PRC eaves and gutter units with
rebate containing grouted continuity reinforcement.

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 Myton P087
Manufacturer: Myton Ltd Alternative names: Myton-Clyde
Myton-Solway
Solway
Designer:

Period built: 1940s–1954

Number built: 8000 (includes Dorran, Myton,

Newland and Tarran)
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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick External walls lined with fibreboard.
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
houses. underbuilding. Concrete slab. DPC. First floor with steel floor beams (Scotland only).
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with tiles or External walls: PRC kerb units [1]. Storey height PRC Separating walls of brick or block.
asbestos cement sheets. High rates of carbonation in PRC panels and PRC ring corner columns [2]. Storey height 1 1/4" x 16" ribbed PRC Roof covered with asbestos cement sheets.
Shallow pitch roofs on bungalows (Solway). beams. cladding panels [3] with joints between panels caulked Single storey extension at front elevation roofed with
External walls of storey height PRC panels. Cracking, spalling and rust staining of PRC columns. with tarred rope from inside, MS connecting dowel [4] timber boarding, bituminous felt and copper sheets.
PRC ring beam at first floor level. Cracking and rust staining of PRC panels, ring beams through adjacent ribs. Cleat [5]. Fixing bolt [6] screwed Bungalows have timber roof structure.
PRC columns at corners and gable apex of asbestos and kerb units. into dowel, timber framing [7] lined with plasterboard
cement sheets. [8]. Glass wool insulation between battens [9]. 4' trough-
Some dwellings have single storey front elevation The system was also used for flats. shaped PRC ring beams [10] at first floor level. Timber
extension covered with copper sheets. wall plate [11]. Asbestos cement sheets to gable apex.
Separating wall: Storey height ribbed PRC panels lined
with plasterboard.
REFERENCE Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
BRE Report BR 51 First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists [12] with
metal shoes hooked onto dowels in PRC ring beam.
Copper based alloy strip floor bracing and tie plates
fixed to upper surface of joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber joists and purlins and tiles.

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 Natcon P088
Manufacturer: Natural and Crushed Stone Alternative name:
Aggregates Ltd
Peter Cameron (Builders) Ltd
Designer:

Period built: 1960–70

Number built: 96

No photograph available.

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls of storey height roughcast PRC panels
throughout.
REFERENCES
Information from Scottish Office
NBA Certificate 1967, January 1971
Loose cement rendering.
Substructure: 275 x 450 mm PRC ground beam [1]. None known.
DPC.
External walls: Storey height room size PRC panels [2]
incorporating window and door openings. Mineral fibre
thermal insulation [3], polyethylene vapour control layer
and plasterboard on softwood studs [4]. Vertical in-situ
joints contain loop reinforcement from adjacent panels
[5].
Separating wall: 175 mm storey height PRC panels.
Partitions: Timber frame lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses [6], sarking, battens and concrete
interlocking tiles.

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 NCB P089
Manufacturer: National Coal Board Alternative name:

Designer: T P Bennett & Son

Period built: 1968–1970s

Number built: 10

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
Some houses have shallow pitch roofs with gables to
front elevation.
External walls of brick slips or storey height PC panels
infilled with eaves height shiplap timber boarding.
Gable apex of shiplap timber boarding.
Some houses have aluminium windows.
Ridge may run front to back or crosswall to crosswall.
REFERENCE
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Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- External walls with reinforcement and ties.
building. Concrete slab. DPC. External walls of 4 1/2" single leaf PC panels with or
External walls: Brick-faced [1] storey height lightweight without returns.
PC panels [2], panel widths in multiples of 12", joined by External cavity walls of brick and lightweight concrete
conventional open drain jointing [3] or with MS ties and with polystyrene insulation in cavity.
dry-pack. Brick joints pointed with mortar or mastic. External walls of PC panels faced with brick slips.
Eaves height timber frame panels [4] clad with shiplap
timber boarding [5] and lined with plasterboard [6].
Insulation between frame studs [7].
Gable apex of shiplap timber boarding [8].
Separating wall: Storey height PC panels with cast-in
pockets to take first floor joists.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.

First floor: Plywood on timber joists.

CIBSA 1970 Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses, concrete tiles.

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 Newland P090
Manufacturer: Tarran Industries Ltd Alternative name: Tarran-Newland

Designer: R Tarran

Period built: 1944–56

Number built: 8000 (includes Dorran, Myton,

Newland and Tarran)

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached terraced houses. Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- Mitred joints in place of corner columns.
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with tiles or profiled building. DPC. External walls lined with fibreboard.
asbestos cement sheets. External walls: PRC kerb units [1], storey height 16" x Brick and block cavity separating wall.
External walls of narrow storey height PRC panels. Cracking and spalling of columns, panels and kerb units. 1 1/4" PRC cladding panels [2] bolted together through Roof cover of asbestos cement sheets.
Gable wall apex of asbestos cement sheets. Appreciable differences in carbonation rates measured MS dowels [3], steel cleats [4], timber stud framing
Flat canopy over recessed front door. both internally and externally. infilled with glass wool insulation and lined with plaster-
Sometimes significant levels of cast-in chloride. board [5]. Panel joints caulked with tarred rope. RSC
ring beams [6] on timber bearing plate [7]. PRC cover
panels [8]. Timber wall plates [9]. Storey height PRC
corner columns [10].
Gable wall apex clad with asbestos cement sheets.
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Separating wall: PRC panel cavity wall faced with timber

studs lined with plasterboard.
REFERENCE Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
BRE Report BR 51 First floor: Timber boarding on twin back-to-back RSC
floor beams [11] supported on single storey tubular
steel columns located at centre of house.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: RSC trusses and tiles.

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 Orlit Type I P091
Manufacturer: Orlit Ltd Alternative name: Orlit

Designer:

Period built: 1940s–1950s

Number built: 17,000 (Types I and II)

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced
houses. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles or flat roof
covered with asphalt or bituminous felt. Main PRC columns and beams have only up to 30 mm
External walls of PRC slabs throughout. cover, carbonation depths typically 10–20 mm and
significant chloride content.
Cracking of OPC and HAC stitches.
Low quality HAC concrete in stitches.
Cracking of secondary beams, up to 20 mm carbonation
and significant levels of chloride content.
Deterioration of other PRC components.
The system was also used for flats.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 36
PWBS No. 25
Substructure: Pad foundations [1]. PC stub columns Flat roof of profiled PRC eaves units, screed and asphalt
cast into foundations [2]. or bituminous felt.
Frame: 5 1/2" x 5 1/2" PRC columns with integral beam
stubs [3], bolted steel flange connectors [4], 7 1/2" PRC
beams [5] with concrete cover [6].
External walls: 2" concrete base bonding units [7].
1' 4" x 2' or 4' x 2" PC facing slabs [8], cavity, 2 1/2"
lightweight PC slabs [9], plasterboard on timber framing
[10]. Galvanised MS wall ties [11].
Separating wall: PRC frame cavity wall infilled with
foamed slag aggregate concrete blocks.
Partitions: Lightweight concrete slabs.
Ground floor: concrete.
First floor: PRC beams spanning between internal
columns. Inverted PRC trough-shaped units with concrete
fill [12].
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: PRC beams spanning between internal columns,
inverted PRC trough-shaped units with concrete fill,
timber wall plates, timber trusses and purlins and tiles.

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 Orlit Type II P092
Manufacturer: Orlit Ltd Alternative name: Orlit

Designer:

Period built: 1940s–1950s

Number built: 17,000 (Types I and II)

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced
houses. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles or flat roof
covered with asphalt or bituminous felt. Main PRC columns and beams have only up to 30 mm
External walls of PRC slabs throughout. cover, carbonation depths 10–20 mm and sometimes
Gable apex tile hanging. significant chloride content.
Cracking of OPC and HAC stitches.
Low quality HAC concrete in stitches.
Cracking of secondary beams and carbonation depths
up to 20 mm.
Significant levels of chloride in beams.
Deterioration of other PRC components.
REFERENCES The system was also used for flats.
BRE Report BR 36
PWBS No. 25
Substructure: Pad foundations [1]. PC stub columns Flat roof of profiled PRC eaves units, screed and asphalt
cast into foundations [2]. or bituminous felt.
Frame: 5 1/2" x 5 1/2" PRC columns with integral beam
stubs [3] and bolted steel flange connectors [4]. 7 1/2"
PRC primary [5] and secondary [6] beams with
concrete cover [7].
External walls: 2" PC base bonding units [8], 2" PC
slabs [9], cavity, 2 1/2" lightweight PC slabs [10], timber
framing lined with plasterboard [11]. Galvanised MS ties
[12].
Separating wall: PRC frame infilled with foamed slag
aggregate concrete blocks.
Partitions: Lightweight concrete slabs.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber beams [13] on
PRC secondary beams.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: PRC beams spanning between internal columns,
inverted PRC trough-shaped units with concrete fill,
timber wall plates, timber trusses and purlins and tiles.

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 Orlit-Bellrock P093
Manufacturers: Scottish Orlit Co. Ltd Alternative names: Bellrock
Blackburn (Dumbarton) Ltd Orlit

Designers: Scottish Orlit Co. Ltd

Blackburn (Dumbarton) Ltd

Period built: 1949

Number built: 2

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip foundations. Asphalt DPC. First floor ceilings of 4" Bellrock panels on metal support
Medium pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: Frame: PRC columns and beams. members.
cement sheets. External walls: 2" stucco-faced PC blocks, cavity, 4"
External walls of stucco-faced PC slabs. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) Bellrock gypsum plaster panels.
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) Separating wall: 4" Bellrock panel cavity wall.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Partitions: 4" Bellrock panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Steel trusses and purlins, sisalcraft paper and
asbestos cement sheets.
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REFERENCE

NTHSc

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 Parkinson P094
Manufacturer: J Parkinson & Sons Ltd Alternative name: Blackpool

Designer:

Period built:

Number built: 3000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

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2-storey semi-detached houses. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE Substructure: RC raft or RC beam foundation. External walls and separating wall of 3" PC block, 3"
Steep or medium pitch hipped roof covered in concrete Frame: Eaves height 8" x 8" PRC columns [1] positioned cavity, 2" breeze PC blocks.
tiles. in foundation pockets with inverted T-shaped corbels at Partitions of PC blocks throughout.
External walls rendered throughout. Cracking of render. first floor and eaves level, 8" x 2" PRC beams [2], eaves Central PRC column extends to underside of cranked
Carbonation-related corrosion of reinforcement in PRC height 8" x 8" PRC intermediate columns [3], see frame beam at eaves level.
beams. layout [A], with formed slots providing continuous cavity. PRC beams with stirrups and single bar reinforcement
External walls: Rendered [4] 2" breeze PC blocks [5], placed centrally in bottom flange.
4" cavity, 2" breeze PC blocks [6]. No cranked PRC roof beams.
Separating wall: 2" breeze PC block cavity wall. No PRC transverse beams at first floor level.
Partitions: Block to first floor level and lath and plaster
above.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
REFERENCE Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber covered with concrete tiles.
BRE Report BR 52

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 Pemcrete P095
Manufacturer: Gibson & King Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1950s–1960s

Number built: At least 68

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey detached, semi-detached and Cracking of render. Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- Bungalows with gable front bay spanning separating
terraced houses. Movement of PRC panels. building. PC ground beams. DPC. wall.
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with concrete External walls: Eaves height PRC corner columns [1]. External walls of storey height PRC panels.
tiles. The system was also used for flats. Eaves height T-section PRC columns at junctions with Gable wall apex of PC panels.
External walls rendered throughout. separating wall. Rendered [2] storey height tray-shaped Stepped string course.
Gable apex of vertical timber boarding or PRC panels. PRC panels in various widths x 1 3/4" [3], 1" cavity, 2 1/4" Linings of foil-backed plasterboard on timber framing.
Some bungalows have gable front bay spanning Paramount linings [4]. RC ring beams at first floor level
separating wall. [5] and PRC ring beams at eaves level [6]. Timber wall
plate [7]. Gable apex of vertical timber framing clad with
vertical T&G timber boarding [8]. PC window unit [9].
Separating wall: 10" concrete block lined with plaster-
board on timber battens. 9" concrete block in roof space.
Partitions: 2 1/4" Paramount panels.
REFERENCE Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber joists on PC ring beam and RSJ.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses and concrete tiles.

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 Permabuilt P096
Manufacturer: Wilkinsons (Runfold) Ltd Alternative names: Permabuild
WGH Pre-Fab System
Wilkinsons (Runfold)
Designer: Gilbert and Hobson (Architects)
J H Coombs (Consulting engineer)

Period built: 1948

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ceilings: Plasterboard.

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Steep pitch gable roof covered with interlocking concrete
tiles.
External walls rendered [Tyrolean] throughout.
Gable apex of interlocking concrete tiles.
PRC window and door surrounds, metal casement
windows.
Staggered single storey flat roofed extension to gable
wall.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and interlocking
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- concrete tiles.
building. PC base units with fillet which engages rebates
in base of wall panels. DPC.
External walls: Rendered [Tyrolean] [1] storey height
18" x 1 1/2" ribbed PRC panel cavity wall [2], 3/8" MS VARIANTS
horizontal screwed tie rods [3] through each panel.
Short MS screw fixings [4]. PRC corner units [5]. Double None known.
leaf PC window surrounds [6] with bituminous felt
vertical DPC [7]. PC string course units [8] at first floor

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Garage of storey height PRC panels. level. Timber wall plate [9]. Tarred rope jointing [10].
Gable apex of timber framing clad with interlocking
concrete tiles [11].
Separating wall: Storey height ribbed PRC panel cavity
REFERENCE wall tied to external walls with MS straps. PC units at
BRE Archive (EP 172) first floor level; integral corbels support first floor joists,
felt DPC at first floor ceiling level. 9" brick in roof space.
Partitions: Loadbearing walls of 4" clinker PC blocks.
Non-loadbearing walls of 3" clinker PC blocks.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber joists on first floor PC string course
unit.

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 Perma-Erecta P097
Manufacturer: Perma-Erecta Ltd Alternative name:

Designers: Perma-Erecta Ltd

Braithwaite & Sackman Ltd

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on RSJ floor
beam.
2-storey semi-detached houses. Horizontal cracking of PC window sills. Substructure: 6" concrete slab. 6" x 12" PRC base units Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with clay tiles. [1]. Air vents [2]. DPC. Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and clay tiles.
External walls rendered throughout. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and External walls: Storey height 7" x 5" intermediate PRC
Single or 2-storey side extension with flat roof. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: columns [3], storey height 9" x 9" PRC corner columns
PC window sills and jambs. [4], 2" cored holes [5] through height of each column,
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) RSC perimeter beams [6] at first floor and eaves level, VARIANTS
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) MS angle fixing cleat [7]. Rendered [8] approximately
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) 12" height or 4' or 5' width x 1 1/4" channel section PRC Roof of steel trusses and tiling grillage.
panels [9], cavity, 1 1/4" channel section clinker aggregate
PRC panels [10], cement/sand grout [11], dense PC
window jamb [12], channel section dense PC lintels [13]
with inner section of clinker aggregate concrete, channel
section dense PC sills [14] with inner section of clinker
REFERENCE aggregate concrete, bituminous felt flashing over window
and door lintels.
BRE Archive Partitions: Clinker concrete block.
Separating wall: PRC panel and clinker aggregate PRC
panel cavity wall. Central RSC stanchion encased in
concrete supporting RSJ floor beam.
Ground floor: 12" x 5" PRC panels on brick sleeper
walls.

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 Potters Bar Special P098
Manufacturer: Concrete Buildings Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1920s

Number built: 20

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Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow pitch hipped roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls rendered throughout.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. None known.
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Rendered dense aggregate PC and
clinker aggregate 12" x 3' PC cavity blocks with wire
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) reinforcement at interface of two concretes. Vertical
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) DPC in webs.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Covered with concrete tiles.

REFERENCE

Concrete and Constructional Engineering, ‘Concrete

cottage building’

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 Reema Conclad P099
Manufacturer: Reema Ltd Alternative names: Engineered Homes
Reema
Reema Coffered Panel
Designer: Reema Waffle Panel

Period built: 1967–1970s

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete underbuilding. Concrete edge
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles or assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: beam. Concrete slab. DPC.
flat roof. External walls: RC columns [1] reinforced locally with
External walls of storey height exposed aggregate PC Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) 1 MS bar [2] at intermediate floor levels. Lifting loops
panels throughout. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) [3] in tapered zone at base of column. Storey height
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) room sized 7" exposed aggregate ribbed PC panels [4]
with 2" external leaf and 5" cavity. Ribs located and
The system was also used for flats. levelled by dowels contained within tapered concrete
joints. Timber framing lined with polystyrene backed
plasterboard [5]. Baffle [6]. Vertical DPC [7]. Drypack
[8]. Steel staple [9] tying steel reinforcement loops
projecting from panels. DPM [10]. MS plate [11] bolted
to gable wall and gable wall apex panel. Paired support
REFERENCES bearing.
Separating wall: 7" storey height PC panels.
BRE Report BR 116 Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
CIBSA 1970 Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber joists on galvanised joist hangers.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses and concrete tiles.
External walls of 8 1/2" ribbed PC panels with 3 1/2" outer
leaf.
External walls of 6" waffle wall panels.
External walls of 7" PC panels comprising: at base of
panel, 3" outer leaf, 1" insulation, 3" loadbearing inner
leaf; at top of panel, 4" outer leaf, 1" insulation, 2" inner
leaf.
External walls with windows cast in.
External walls of 8" PC panels comprising 3" outer leaf,
1" insulation, 4" inner leaf connected with phosphor
bronze ties.
Floors of PC panels.
Floors of T&G boarding on PC panels.
Flat roof of PC slabs.
Separating wall of 5 1/2" PC panels.
Paramount partitions.

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 Reema Contrad P100
Manufacturer: Reema Ltd Alternative names: Engineered Homes
Reema

Designer:

Period built: 1969–1970s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete underbuilding. Concrete edge Front and rear ground floor external walls of storey
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: beam. DPC. height timber frame panels clad with brick or stone.
Front and rear walls of horizontal timber boarding or External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height Gable wall with outer leaf of reconstituted stone.
brick or stone to ground floor window head level or first Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) timber frame panels [1] clad with horizontal timber Insulation between studs of timber frame panels.
floor level and tile hanging above. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) boarding to first floor level [2] and tile hanging [3] on
Gable wall clad with brick or stone returned around Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) timber battens above and lined with foiled backed
corners. plasterboard [4]. PC lintel [5]. Concrete wall plate at
PC lintel at eaves level. eaves level [6].
Gable wall of brick [7], cavity, storey height room sized
x 3 1/2" L-shaped PC panels with 3' returns [8], fibreboard
and plasterboard [9].
Separating wall: Storey height PC panel cavity wall
lined with fibreboard.
REFERENCES Partitions: Loadbearing timber stud lined with plaster-
board. Non-loadbearing Paramount partitions.
BRE Report BR 116 Ground floor: Concrete.
CIBSA 1970 First floor: Timber joists on galvanised joist hangers.
Interbuild, System Building 3 Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses on PC lintel, concrete tiles.
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 Reema Hollow Panel P101
Manufacturer: Reema Ltd Alternative names: Bourne
Engineered Homes
Nadder
Designers: Reema
Stour
Wylye
Period built: 1945–66

Number built: 17,600

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium or shallow pitch hipped or gable roof covered
with concrete tiles or asbestos cement sheets.
External walls of storey height exposed aggregate PC
panels or tile hanging.
REFERENCES
BRE Report BR 53
BRE Report BR 116
NBA Certificate March 1966, September 1967
Substructure: Pad foundations below junction of each External walls of PRC panels cast with integral window
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE panel. Concrete slab. sills.
External walls: RC columns [1], storey height room Flank wall recessed relative to the gables instead of
Carbonation and high chloride level in hollow dense PC size dense aggregate hollow PRC panels with internal joined flush at corners.
panels. webs [2] with hollow core comprising 1 1/2" external leaf, Gable wall formed by abutting triangular panels at wall
Cracked and spalled window and door reveals and sills. 6 1/2" cavity, 1" inner leaf lined with fibreboard [3]. RC plate level.
cracked floor beams. ring beams [4] at first floor and eaves level cast into First floor of timber joists on joist hangers.
Pointing at panel joints cracked or missing. trough-shaped panel heads. Timber wall plate [5].
Separating wall: Dense aggregate hollow PC panels.
The system was also used for flats. Partitions: PC panels. Some non-loadbearing walls of
timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber battens in 10 1/2"
hollow PC beams [6].
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and concrete tiles or
asbestos cement sheets.

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 Russell-Leighton P102
Manufacturer: Russell-Leighton (Contractors) Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: Russell-Leighton (Contractors) Ltd

Period built: 1940s

Number built:

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Roof: RC roof trusses [17], purlins and PRC eaves units
[18] and concrete tiles.
2- storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip foundations. Brick under-
Medium pitch gable roof covered with plain concrete assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: building [1]. DPM.
tiles. External walls: Foamed slag aggregate RC base units
External walls of exposed storey height PC columns and Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) [2]. RC gusset blocks [3]. Foamed slag aggregate VARIANTS
PC panels. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) rebated PRC columns [4]. Foamed slag aggregate PC
PC string course units at first floor level. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) panels greater than 12" x less than 3' x 2" [5], cavity Partitions of 3" clinker concrete.
Flat canopy over front door. [6], insulation [7], cavity [8], foamed slag aggregate PC
panels greater than 12" x less than 3' x 2" [9]. Foamed
slag aggregate RC window sill units [10]. Foamed slag
aggregate string course PRC units [11] at first floor
level. Cavity tray [12]. foamed slag aggregate PRC wall
plates [13]. Foamed slag aggregate PRC eaves bearer
[14]. Cavity closer [15].
REFERENCE Separating wall: 3" foamed slag aggregate column and
PRC foamed slag aggregate PC panel cavity wall.
BRE Archive Partitions: 2" foamed slag aggregate PC panels and
PRC foamed slag aggregate columns.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber battens
infilled with concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists bolted to
RSA [16].
Ceilings: Not known.
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 SB2 P103
Manufacturer: Sawston Concrete Products Ltd Alternative names: Sawston SB2
Sindall
Wales Sindall
Designer: C Davidson

Period built: 1965–67

Number built: 170

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey terraced houses.
Flat roof covered with asphalt.
External walls of storey height PC panels with sections of
front and rear walls of horizontal timber boarding.
Some houses have single storey entrance lobby to front
--`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Substructure: Concrete underbuilding. PC ground beams None known.
[1]. DPC.
External walls: Storey height room size 8" foamed
aggregate lightweight PC panels [2] with cast-in insulation
[3] bolted together and with grouted concrete joints.

elevation. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Cellular lightweight concrete reinforced over openings.
Timber fascia at eaves. Storey height timber frame panels clad with horizontal
The system was also used for flats. timber boarding.
Separating wall: Storey height 8" dense PC panels.
Partitions: Loadbearing partitions of 8" foamed
aggregate lightweight PC panels. Non-loadbearing
partitions of prefinished laminated panels with butt
joints.
REFERENCE Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: 8" dense concrete slabs.
NBA Certificate March 1966 Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: PC slab covered with asphalt.

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 Simplified Brickwork P104
Manufacturer: Simplified Brick Construction Ltd Alternative name: Davis

Designer: H Dyke

Period built: 1934–1950s

Number built: 700

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached houses.
Steep pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
External walls of brick or rendered throughout.
Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance
on inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete
durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Substructure: 5" concrete slab deepened to 9" below
loadbearing walls; top of floor slab is 18" below DPC
level.
External walls: Brick [1], cavity, 4' x up to 10' x 4"
foamed slag PC slabs [2]. Horizontal joints [3] at DPC,
ground floor window sill and head, first floor window sill
External walls rendered.
External walls of clay or concrete bricks.
Inner leaf of external walls of no-fines concrete
incorporating broken brick aggregate.
Roof of timber rafters and purlins.

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Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) and wall plate levels. Brick is toothed on vertical faces
leaving stretcher brick spaces in alternate courses,
subsequently filled with whole bricks [4] set in mortar.
MS bar reinforcement [5], MS wall ties [6]. Grouted
vertical joint [7] reinforced with 3/8"or 5/16" MS bar.
10 1/2" x 10 1/2" PRC blocks [8]. Wall plate.
Separating wall: Foamed slag PRC panel cavity wall,
REFERENCE closed at both ends by 4" foamed slag concrete plugs.
Partitions: 3" and 4" foamed slag PRC slabs.
BRE Archive Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on PC
blocks.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists supported
at mid-span by RSJ encased in concrete. RSJ also
supports first floor loadbearing partitions.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Steel trusses and purlins and plain concrete tiles.

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 Siporex 6M P105
Manufacturer: R Costain (Construction) Ltd Alternative names: Costain
Siporex

Designer: R Costain (Construction) Ltd

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 900

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2- and 3-storey terraced houses. Excessive deflections in PRC floor and roof planks. Substructure: Concrete strip footings. RC ground Front and rear external walls infilled with storey height
Shallow pitch gable or monopitch roof or flat roof covered beams. Concrete slab. DPC. timber frame panels clad with timber boarding, aluminium
with bituminous felt or asphalt. External walls: Storey height 2' x 8" lightweight PRC sheets or tile hanging.
External walls of storey height lightweight PRC panels, or panels [1], 1/4" galvanised MS dowel bar [2], sand/ External walls of storey height 6" PRC panels with sprayed
partially with sprayed finish. cement grout [3], 1/4" horizontal continuity reinforcement finish of Stonite, Marmonite or Kenitex.
Some dwellings have part of front and rear walls infilled [4], PC lintels, 6" x 3" PRC flush string course [5], 1/4" Galvanised RSA lintels.
with timber boarding, aluminium sheets or tile hanging. cranked continuity reinforcement [6]. Roof cover of bituminous felt.
PC cover strips at floor level. Separating wall: Storey height 4" lightweight PRC
panel cavity wall.
Partitions: Storey height lightweight concrete panels.
Ground floor: Concrete.
Upper floors: 6" lightweight PRC floor planks.
Ceilings: Artex.
REFERENCE Roof: 6" lightweight PRC floor planks, sand/cement
screed and asphalt.
Architect & Building News, March 1964, September 1967
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 Skarne P106
Manufacturer: Crudens Ltd Alternative name: Cruden

Designer: George Bowie

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 4050

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2- and 3-storey terraced houses.
Flat roof covered with asphalt.
Front and rear external walls of timber boarding or
exposed aggregate textured PC panels.
Flank wall of brick.
REFERENCES
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Cracking and spalling of concrete components. Substructure: PRC ground beam [1]. Concrete slab. External walls of exposed aggregate textured PC sandwich
Badly corroded tying steel. DPC. panels.
Rain penetration through asphalt roof membrane. External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height Storey height PC panel cavity separating wall.
Defective internal roof drainage pipes. timber frame panels [2] clad with timber boarding [3]
High rates of carbonation and significant chloride content and lined with plasterboard [4]. 3/4" polystyrene
in PC panels. insulation between frame studs [5]. Hessian based
Asbestolux in walls. bituminous felt [6]. Tanalised timber sill [7]. 1"
Asbestolux fire stop [8]. Galvanised RSA cleat [9].
The system was also used for flats. Galvanised MS fixing cleat.
Flank wall of brick [10], cavity, 1/2" polystyrene insulation
[11], storey height PC panels [12] seated on mortar bed.
Zinc fire stop [13]. Cement mortar bed [14]. Timber
wall plate [15]. Aluminium trim [16].
Separating wall: Storey height room size approximately

6" PC panels with shear keys at vertical joints.

CIBSA 1967 Partitions: Storey height 4 3/4" PC panels seated on
NBA Certificates February 1966, May 1967 mortar bed.
Scottish NBA Certificate January 1967 Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: PC floor slabs.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: PC roof slabs and asphalt.

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 Smith P107
Manufacturer: Smith’s Building Systems Alternative names: British Steel Construction
BSC

Designer:

Period built: 1945–55

Number built: 4500

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE Substructure: Concrete slab thickened to form strip Roof of light steel trusses, grooved lightweight PC decking
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with concrete foundations under external walls. and tiles.
tiles. External walls: 1 1/4" brick slip facing [1] to 2' 6" x 7' x 8" First floor of timber block on PC floor panels on light
External walls of brick-slip-faced panels or rendered Foundation movement. (ground floor) and 6" (first floor) foamed slag PRC panels steel beams.
throughout. Cracking of, and at junctions between, PRC panels. [2]. Concrete grout/mortar [3] in grooved horizontal Rendered external walls.
PRC window surrounds and sill units. Cracking at junction of external walls, partitions and and vertical joints, MS staple [4]. Dense RC lintel [5]
separating wall. over openings.
Deterioration of PRC window and sill units. Separating wall: 8" foamed slag PRC panels.
Partitions: 4" foamed slag concrete.
Ground floor: Timber block on 2" foamed slag screed
on concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on ground
floor PRC panels. Brick noggins [6].
REFERENCES Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins and concrete tiles.
BRE Report BR 37
BRE Report BR 71

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 SNW P108
Manufacturer: Selleck Nicholls & Williams Alternative names: Selleck Nicholls
Selleck Nicholls & Williams

Designer: Selleck Nicholls & Williams

Period built: 1960s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

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2-storey terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete foundations. DPC. None known.
Shallow monopitch roof covered with bituminous felt. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Front and rear ground floor external
Front and rear ground floor external walls of large near walls of large near storey height PC panels [1] with
storey height PC panels. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) pronounced chamfers, PC spandrel panels [2] with
Front and rear first floor external walls combination of Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) timber infill panel [3] faced with horizontal boarding [4]
approximately half-storey height PC panels and timber Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) above forming first floor walls. Timber truss beam at
infill panels. head of front/rearwalls to provide bearing for roof
Flank wall combination of near storey height and near The system was also used for flats. trusses [5].
half-storey height PC panels. Flank wall with combination of near storey height [6]
Chamfered panel over ground floor windows. and near half-storey height PC panels [7]. Horizontal
timber boarding [8].
Separating wall: Large storey height PC panels.
Partitions: Timber frame studs faced with plasterboard.
REFERENCE Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: T&G boarding on timber joists, inclined timber
BRE Report BR 107 noggings bolted to face of front and rear PC wall panels.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Shallow monopitch timber roof trusses [5], trans-
verse timber bracing [9], woodwool slabs [10],
bituminous felt.

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 Spacemaker P109
Manufacturer: Shepherd Building Group Ltd Alternative names: Conspan
Shepherd
Shepherd Spacemaker
Designer: Shepherd Building Group Ltd

Period built: 1959–70

Number built: 2750

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION insulation and plasterboard laminate. 4" PRC apex panel
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Bungalows and 2- and 3-storey terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles or
flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
Front and rear external walls of eaves height PRC panels
infilled with vertical timber boarding and timber boarding
below windows or to first floor level and PRC panels
above.
Gable wall of storey height or eaves height PRC panels.
Some dwellings have timber clad entrance lobby to front
elevation.
REFERENCE
NBA Certificates April 1966, March 1969
Cracking and spalling of exposed ends of PRC panels
and roof perimeter beams.
Concrete may contain blast furnace aggregate.
High rates of carbonation and often low reinforcement
cover in PRC panels.
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: PC ground beams [1]. Two coat
bituminous compound DPC [2].
External walls: Front and rear walls of eaves height
room width 7" coffered PRC panels [3] located by MS
dowels [4] and tied to gable wall panels with 2" x 3/4"
bitumen painted MS angle bracket [5] infilled with storey
height timber frame panels [6] with aluminium sill [7]
clad with vertical timber boarding and timber boarding
below windows and lined with plasterboard [8].
Insulation between stud frames [9]. Composite timber
eaves beam for wide frontage dwellings [10], coffered
spandrel panel [11].
Gable wall of eaves height room width 7" coffered PRC
panels [12] and 8" PRC apex panel [13] bedded on
mortar and located by 3/4" MS dowels [14] and lined
with polystyrene insulation and plasterboard laminate [15]
nailed to timber fillets, 3/4" weep holes [16], one drainage
hole per panel [17].
Separating wall: 8" eaves height PRC panels supported
on dry-pack and bolted together with 2" MS connecting
plates located in recess in panel and lined with polystyrene
in roof space.
Partitions: Loadbearing storey height timber frame
panels lined with plasterboard to first floor level and
honeycomb plasterboard to upper floors.
Ground floor: Concrete.
Upper floors: Timber joists on timber bearer bolted to
front or rear PRC panel with 3/8" bolts into cast-in
sockets.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trussed rafters and concrete tiles.
VARIANTS
Flank wall of storey height PRC panels.
PRC eaves beams to front and rear external walls.
PRC partitions, floor and roof slabs.
Paramount plasterboard paper-cored partitions.
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt.

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 Stent P110
Manufacturer: Stent Precast Concrete Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: D H Stent

Period built: 1946–55

Number built: 1250

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with concrete
tiles, or flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
External walls of storey height narrow PRC panels
throughout.
Splay faced PRC perimeter beams at first floor level.
Cantilevered flat canopy over front door.
Metal window frames.
REFERENCE
BRE Report BR 54
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete under- Roof of RS trusses, steel mesh and concrete tiles.
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE building. Flat roof cover of bituminous felt.
External walls: Channel section PRC plinth units [1], Render masking joints between PRC panels.
Spalling of concrete components. holding down bolts and MS plates [2], storey height 12"
Carbonation depth often exceeds depth of cover of PRC x 12" x approximately 4" T- or L-section PRC panels [3]
components. with double V-section vertical joints, glass fibre insulation
Low chloride content in concrete components. [4], 2" or 3" clinker concrete blocks [5] tied to panels
Corrosion of metal window frames. with steel ties. Channel section PRC capping beam or
ring beam [6], with splayed outer face with two 3/8" MS
reinforcing bars, infilled with RC [7]. DPC above ring
beam units. PRC eaves units [8] infilled with RC [9].
Separating wall: Clinker concrete block cavity wall.
Partitions: Loadbearing spine wall of 4" clinker concrete
blocks. Non-loadbearing walls of 2" clinker concrete
blocks.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber joists, purlins and concrete tiles.

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 Stewart & Partners Type I P111
Manufacturer: Stewart & Partners Ltd Alternative names: Stewart
Stewart & Partners

Designer: Stewart & Partners Ltd

Period built: 1920s

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles.
External walls rendered throughout.
PRC ring beams at first floor and eaves level.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete under- None known.
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: building. DPC.
External walls: Hollow PRC columns [1] built up in
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) sections, dense aggregate ribbed 3' 6" PRC panels [2],
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) cavity, clinker ribbed PRC panels [3]. RC ring beams [4]
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) at first floor and eaves level.
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Not known.

REFERENCE

Moir Report

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 Stewart & Partners Type II P112
Manufacturer: Stewart & Partners Ltd Alternative names: Stewart
Stewart & Partners
Stewart & Partners
Designer: Denis Poulton

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 2

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. None known.
Flat roof covered with asphalt. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Brick, cavity filled with 'loose material',
External walls of brick. storey height room length PC panels and RC columns.
Cantilevered canopy over front door. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) Metal lining to window reveals and integral sill.
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) Separating wall: Not known.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Quarry tiles or timber boarding on timber
joists
First floor: Timber boarding
Ceilings: Not known.
Services: Rainwater, services and waste pipes located
in internal duct.
Roof: PC concrete slabs and asphalt.
REFERENCE

The Architect and Building News, 11 October 1946

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 Stonecrete P113
Manufacturer: British Cast Concrete Federation Alternative name: F J Moore

Designer: F J Moore Ltd

Period built: 1934 onward

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
External walls of PRC panels and posts.
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
REFERENCE
Aid to identification: Stonecrete houses (BRE OP 10, 1983)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. DPC. PC blocks. External walls of different size PC panels may be
PRC base units [1]. transposed with 3/4 storey height panel located adjacent
Frame: 7" x 4" storey height PRC posts [2], PRC to first floor PRC ring beam.
corner posts [3]. PC ring beam [4] located on dowels Ground floor of concrete.
protruding from top of lower columns. PC first floor sills
[5], L-shaped PC filler blocks [6] between floor joists.
PC eaves level string units [7] located on dowels [8]
protruding from top of upper columns, MS tie rods [9]
fastened between columns at first floor and eaves level.
Timber wall plate [10].
External walls: Storey height x 2' 6" x 1 1/2" PC panels
[11] fitting into grooves formed in posts (two panels per
storey with the upper unit forming a frieze at first floor
and eaves level), 2" reinforced plaster slabs [12] fixed
to posts by T-headed 1 1/4" screws.
Separating wall: 4" clinker PC cavity wall.
Partitions: 3" or 4" plaster blocks.
Ground floor: Timber.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber rafters, purlins and tiles.

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 Stubbings Industrialised P114
Manufacturer: G Stubbings Ltd Alternative names: Stubbings
Stubbings Industrialised Low Rise

Designer: L J Multon & Partners

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 76

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
External front and rear walls of eaves height mosaic-faced
panels or brick infilled with asbestos cement sheets to
first floor level and horizontal vinyl finished aluminium
weatherboarding or vertical timber boarding above.
Gable wall of brick.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1970
NBA Certificate December 1967
NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
CONSTRUCTION
Substructure: Concrete raft foundation. DPC.
External walls: Front and rear walls of mosaic-faced
eaves height PC sandwich panels [1] with 1/2" poly-
styrene insulation [2] tied to crosswalls with galvanised
RSA and to ground floor slab with 1/2" MS anchor ring
given in grouted pocket [3]. Storey height timber
frame panels to first floor level clad with asbestos
cement sheets [4] and lined with plywood [5]. 1"
polystyrene insulation [6] with vapour control layer
beneath window panels. PRC spandrel panels [7] to first
floor window sill level clad with stoved vinyl finished
horizontal aluminium weatherboarding [8] on timber
battens and glass fibre insulation [9] between battens.
Lead flashing [10]. PC eaves beams [11] with rebate to
carry ceiling joists. 3/8" MS dowel bars [12] in grouted
pocket, Vinyl-faced hardboard [13] with 1/2" polystyrene
insulation.
Gable wall clad with brick [14], cavity, 1/2" polystyrene
insulation [15], storey height PC panels [16]. Wall ties
[17]. 1/2" MS bar [18] grouted into rebate over vertical
junctions between panels (junction located behind storey
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height 4" PC spine panel). Large gable apex PC panel
[19] bedded on mortar and positioned by dowel bar [20]
housed in grouted pocket. Timber fillet [21].
Separating wall: Storey height 7" PC panels.
Partitions: Loadbearing of PC panels. Non-loadbearing
of honeycomb plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber joists tied to panels with galvanised
RSA and seated on shoulder formed in spandrel panels.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trussed rafters and concrete tiles.
VARIANTS
Upper storey front and rear external wall PC spandrel
panels clad with vertical timber boarding.
2-storey height brick panels front and rear.

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 Tarran Temporary Bungalow P115
Manufacturer: Tarran Industries Ltd Alternative names: Prefab
Tarran
Tarran Mark IV
Designer: R Tarran

Period built: 1944–56

Number built: 8000 (includes Dorran, Myton,

Newland and Tarran)

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Substructure: Concrete raft foundation. None known.

Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE External walls: Aggregate-faced storey height 16" tray-
cement sheets. shaped PRC panels [1] bolted through timber posts [2]
External walls of storey height aggregate-faced PRC High rates of carbonation of internal surface of PRC backed with bituminous felt, insulation [3], plasterboard
panels throughout. panels. [4]. Timber kerbing [5]. Timber wall plate [6].
Metal cowl to chimney. Low rates of carbonation of external surface of PRC Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
panels. Ground floor: T&G boarding on timber joists.
High rates of carbonation and low levels of chloride in First floor: Not applicable.
PRC corner columns. Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Cracking and spalling of PRC panels and columns. Roof: Timber frame wedge-shaped units bolted to central
Softening and rot of timber kerb. partitions and external walling and profiled asbestos
cement sheets. Waterproof insulation at ceiling level.

REFERENCES

BRE Report BR 51
NTHSc

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 Taylor Woodrow-Anglian P116
Manufacturer: Taylor Woodrow-Anglian Ltd Alternative name: Anglian
GLC Anglian House
TWA
Designers: Larsen & Nielsen Co. Ltd
Taylor Woodrow-Anglian Ltd

Period built: 1960s–1970s

Number built: 1750

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION with 3/4" polystyrene insulation [18], polythene vapour
control layer, plasterboard on timber battens [19].
Bungalows and 2-storey terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip foundations. Brick under- Gable apex PC panel [20], galvanised RSA panel
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: building. Concrete slab. DPC. connector bolted to cast-in sockets with 1/2" bolts [21],
Front and rear external walls of storey height PC panels External walls: Front and rear ground floor walls of galvanised RSA [22] bolted to cast-in sockets with 1/2"
to first floor level and tile hanging above. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) storey height room sized 4 1/2" PC panels [1] bolted to bolts and connected to timber roof bracing.
Gable wall of storey height PC panels. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) gable wall panels with 1/2" SS bolts and separating wall Separating wall: Storey height PC panels.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) with galvanised RSA bracket, cement mortar fill to bolt Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
pocket. Upper storey walls of storey height timber frame Ground floor: Concrete.
The system was also used for flats. panels [2] bolted to PC panels and sheathed externally First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
with plywood [3] overlaid with breather membrane [4] Ceilings: Plasterboard.
and clad with tile hanging on timber battens [5] and lined Roof: Timber trusses, timber bracing and concrete tiles.
with plasterboard [6] backed with polythene vapour
control layer. Glass fibre insulation between frame studs
[7]. Composite timber eaves beam [8]. Plywood fascia
REFERENCES [9]. Timber end post [10]. VARIANTS
Gable wall of storey height 7" PC panels [11], tied at
CIBSA 1970 vertical joints with cast-in MS loops [12] and vertical First floor joists supported on welded joist hangers.
NBA Certificate 1970 lacing bar and joint filled with cement mortar [13] Gable wall of brick.
located on 5/8" MS dowels [14] and supported on asbestos Asymmetrical pitch roof.
cement board packing [15] and dry cement mortar,
galvanised MS restraining strap [16] bolted to cast-in
socket in panel and grouted into dovetail pocket in floor
slab. Bituthene secondary seal [17]. PC panels lined
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 Tee Beam P117
Manufacturer: Tee Beam Structures (Britain) Ltd Alternative name:

Designer:

Period built: 1947–55

Number built: 260

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses.
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles or flat roof
covered with bituminous felt.
External walls of rendered [roughcast] or Tyrolean finish Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
aerated PRC slabs throughout. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
T-beams were also used in the Blackburn system, see
P023.
REFERENCE
NTHSc
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Substructure: Concrete pad foundations below columns. External walls of Tyrolean finish.
Concrete strip footings and underbuilding [1]. Roof of RC webbed slabs, screed and bituminous felt.
Frame: RC columns [2], bituminous felt permanent Ceilings of woodwool slabs.
shuttering [3], RC ring beams [4], metal fixings [5]. First floor of RC webbed slabs.
External walls: Rendered [roughcast] [6] T-section
aerated PRC panels [7] with discontinuous web forming
9" wall with 5" cavity.
Separating wall: T-section PRC panels lined with
plasterboard.
Partitions: 2" woodwool slabs or coir matting covered
with cement.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: 2 1/2" RC slab [8] on PC T-beam units [9] on
RC ring beams.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses and concrete tiles.

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 Thornwall P118
Manufacturer: Thornwall Construction Ltd Alternative names: Thornwall 3M
Thornwood

Designer:

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 260

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles, or flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
External walls of storey height exposed aggregate PRC
panels.
Some dwellings have gable apex of timber boarding.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Brick under- External wall linings of timber stud with plasterboard.
building. DPC. Gable apex of T&G timber boarding.
External walls: PC kerb unit [1]. Weather bar [2].
Storey height 24" exposed aggregate PRC panels [3], Thornwall 3M
MS knee plate [4], vertical bituminous DPM [5], 1/2" PRC columns, loadbearing partitions of PC panels and
polystyrene insulation [6], honeycomb plasterboard [7]. 13" timber lattice floor and roof beams.
Timber wall plate [8]. MS wall plate bolted to head of wall Flat roof of sarking board, insulation board and
panel [9]. bituminous felt.
Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
First floor: Not known.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Braced and strutted timber and steel units and
interlocking concrete tiles.

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 Token P119
Manufacturer: Token Construction Co. Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: Arthur Swift & Partners

Period built: 1968

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Bungalows and 2- and 3-storey semi-detached and
terraced houses.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles.
Front and rear external walls of horizontal timber boarding
throughout or with asbestos cement sheets to first floor
level and horizontal timber boarding or tile hanging
above.
Gable wall of exposed aggregate PC panels throughout.
Some dwellings have feature panel clad with plywood or
asbestos cement sheets below windows.
REFERENCES
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NOTES FOR SURVEYORS
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
CONSTRUCTION
Substructure: Concrete strip footings RC perimeter
beams [1]. DPC [2].
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
Timber frame panels clad with asbestos cement sheets
[3] to first floor level and horizontal timber boarding [4]
above, polystyrene insulation [5], foil-backed plaster-
board. Preformed aluminium sill [6]. PRC beams [7] and
bitumen-coated MS plate.
Gable wall of storey height room size x 6" tray-shaped
exposed aggregate PC panels [8] with drain slot at DPC
level beneath vertical panel joints, 1/2" bolts [9], woodwool
insulation [10]. Leadcored DPC at cruciform panel
junction [11]. Continuous strip bitumen impregnated
compressed foamed polyurethane along horizontal panel
joints [12]. Timber battens lined with foil-backed plaster-
bitumen painted RSA floor support beams [14] bolted to
PRC beams.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses and concrete tiles.
VARIANTS
Front and rear external walls clad with horizontal timber
boarding throughout.
Upper storey front and rear external walls clad with tile
hanging on timber battens.
Front and rear external wall feature panel clad with
plywood or asbestos cement sheets below window.

CIBSA 1968 board [13].

NBA Certificate October 1968 Separating wall: Storey height 7" PC panels lined with
foil-backed plasterboard on timber battens.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
Upper floors: Plywood boarding on timber joists on

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 Tracoba Low Rise P120
Manufacturer: Gilbert Ash Ltd Alternative names: Gilbert Ash
Gilbert Ash Tracoba
Tracoba
Designer: Gilbert Ash Ltd

Period built: 1960s

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-, 3- and 4-storey houses.
Shallow or medium pitch gable or monopitch roof covered
with interlocking concrete tiles or slates.
Front and rear external walls of brick or rendered, or tile
hanging, horizontal or vertical timber boarding, plastics
weatherboarding or brick panels.
Gable wall of storey height exposed aggregate or moulded
PC panels.
Gable apex of horizontal timber boarding.
REFERENCES
CIBSA 1968
IBSAC, May 1966
NBA Certificate September 1966
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in:
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3)
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254)
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete slab. Foundations of PC beams on bored piles.
DPC. Front and rear walls clad with tile hanging to upper
External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height storeys, or render or brick on external plywood backing.
timber frame panels [1] clad with vertical [2] and Roof covered with slates.
horizontal [3] timber boarding and lined with plasterboard
[4]. Insulation between frame studs [5]. PC beams [6]
at first floor and eaves level.
Gable wall of eaves height fair-faced PC corner columns
[7], storey height room size 8 1/2" exposed aggregate
PC sandwich panels [8] with polystyrene insulation [9].
Gable apex of timber framing [10] clad with horizontal
timber boarding [11].
Separating wall: Storey height 7" PC panels.
Partitions: Storey height 4" PC panels, proprietary
partitions.
Ground floor: Concrete.
Upper floors: 4 1/2" PC panels.
Ceilings: Direct finished as cast.
Roof: Timber trusses and interlocking concrete tiles.

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 Truscon RD27 P121
Manufacturer: Truscon Ltd Alternative names: RD27
Truscon

Designer: R D Green & Truscon Ltd

Period built: 1967–68

Number built: 18

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete foundations. Concrete slab. None known.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Front and rear walls of storey height
Front and rear external walls of shiplap timber boarding. timber frame panels [1] sheathed externally with plywood
Gable wall of brick. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) [2] and clad with shiplap timber boarding [3] and lined
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) with plasterboard [4]. Insulation between frame studs
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) [5]. Prefabricated timber eaves beams [6]. Gable wall
of brick [7], cavity, eaves height 4' x 7" PRC panels [8],
PRC apex panels [9]. Bolted MS connections [10].
Separating wall: Eaves height 7" x 4' PRC panels.
Partitions: Not known.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Unknown on RSA brackets.
Ceilings: Not known.
REFERENCE Roof: Timber trusses and concrete tiles.

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 Ulster Cottage P122
Manufacturers: Orlit Ltd Alternative name: Orlit

Designer:

Period built: 1940s–1950s

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached and semi-detached bungalows. Substructure: Concrete downstand beam [1]. DPC.
Shallow pitch gable roof covered with profiled asbestos DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE External walls: Storey height PRC panels [2]. Steel
cement sheets. dowel [3] to recess in concrete foundation. 1/2" horizontal
External walls of storey height exposed aggregate PRC Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and steel reinforcing bar fixed into recess cast in PRC panel
panels throughout. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: head [4]. Sheet bitumen felt [5], timber framing [6],
plasterboard [7].
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) Separating wall: Not known.
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) Partitions: Not known.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses with holding-down strap hooked
around bar [8], bituminous felt and profiled asbestos
REFERENCE cement sheets.

462 463
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 Underdown P123
Manufacturer: F Underdown Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: D C Underdown

Period built: 1926–27

Number built: 4700 (includes Winget)

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. Substructure: Concrete strip footings and under- Concrete raft foundation.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles.
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE building [1]. DPC. Clinker aggregate PRC cavity external walls.
External walls rendered throughout. External walls: Rendered [2] 12" x 3' x 3" PRC slabs No wire wall ties.
Cracking of render and along vertical joints between PC [3] forming 9" cavity wall. Wire wall ties [4]. Slabs shaped Brick and MS strip in place of first floor and eaves level
wall slabs. to act as permanent formwork to allow casting of RC ring beams.
Horizontal cracking and spalling in PC wall slabs. columns [5]. RC ring beams [6]. Rectangular RC columns.
Corrosion of reinforcement in RC columns. Separating wall: PRC panel cavity wall. Concrete ground floor.
Low chloride content in RC ring beam. Partitions: Brick or block. Unreinforced concrete columns adjacent to window
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on timber openings.
sole plate. Secondary in-situ concrete columns within cavity at
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on RC ring building corners tied together with bent reinforcement.
beam.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
REFERENCES Roof: Timber rafters and tiles.

BRE Report BR 55
PWBS No. 1

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 Uniment P124
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer: Uniment (France) Ltd

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 40

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Steep pitch gable roof covered with tiles.
External walls rendered throughout.
Some houses have eaves height gable bays.
Some houses have dormer windows above first floor
level.
Cantilevered flat PC canopies over front door.
REFERENCE
Vertical cracking of render at junction between PC Substructure: Concrete slab. DPC. Flat roofed dormer windows to first floor bedrooms.
columns and clinker PRC panels. External walls: 12" square hollow PC columns [1] with Wide fronted 2-storey gable bays.
Water penetration through external walls. V rebate [2] to accommodate end of PC panels infilled First floor of PC floor slabs.
with RC [3] carried through DPC. Rendered [4] 15" x 3' 3" Roof of PC trusses.
x 1 1/4" clinker PRC panel cavity walls [5] reinforced with
'chicken mesh' and/or 1/4" MS bars. Cavity filled with
clinker aggregate concrete [6]. RC ring beams at first
floor [7] and eaves level [8]. Concrete corbel to gable
wall [9]. Gable apex of 15" dense PC panels [10].
Separating wall: Clinker PRC panel cavity wall. Cavity
filled with clinker aggregate concrete. 4" clinker PC blocks
adjacent to staircase.
Partitions: Clinker concrete blocks.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber joists on MS joist hangers [11] fixed
into external wall between top of first floor eaves beam
and clinker PRC panel above. Boxed-in RSJ [12].
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber rafters, purlins and tiles.

466 --`,`,,``,``,```,,,``,`,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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 Unit-Built P125
Manufacturer: Alternative names: Unit
Unit Construction

Designer: S Burton

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 2

No photograph available.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete pads below corner columns. Ground floor of bituminous felt on woodwool (Gypklith)
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: Concrete strip footings. Brick underbuilding. Rendered slabs on concrete.
External walls rendered throughout. concrete kerb. Plastic emulsion DPC.
Recessed front door porch. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) External walls: RC columns [1]. Gypklith hollow trough
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) beams [2] infilled with RC [3]. Rendered [4] 6' 6" x 3' 4"
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) x 8" hollow core woodwool (Gypklith) panels [5] with 1"
leaf.
Separating wall: Gypklith hollow trough downstand
beams infilled with RC [6].
Partitions: 4" Gypklith hollow core panels.
Ground floor: 6" Gypklith hollow tray slabs on sleeper
walls.
First floor: Not applicable.
REFERENCE Ceilings: Gypklith panels [7].
Roof: 6' 6" x 1' 8" Gypklith hollow roof trays [8] and
Architects' Journal, 28 January 1944 bituminous felt, 4" x 3" parapet course.
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 Unitroy P126
Manufacturer: Unitroy Ltd Alternative name:

Designer: M Flatman

Period built: 1950s

Number built: 200

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete slab.
Steep pitch gable roof covered with interlocking concrete DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE DPC.
tiles. External walls: Rendered [1] 18" x 3' x 2 1/2" lightweight
External walls rendered throughout. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and PC flanged panels [2], 4 1/2" cavity, plasterboard on
assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: timber framing [3], RC columns [4] formed by semi-
circular rebates in flanged ends of PC panels. Metal hook
Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) bolts cast into columns. U-shaped PC troughs [5] and RC
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) ring beams [6] at first floor and eaves level. L-shaped
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) foamed clinker PC corner blocks [7].
Separating wall: Brick cavity wall.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on PC spine
REFERENCE beam supported on separating and gable walls and on
intermediate columns.
NTHSc Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber trusses, fibreboard sarking and inter-
locking concrete tiles.
Substructure of foamed clinker block underbuilding with
9" cavity wall up to DPC.
Cavity filled with concrete to ground level.
External wall plasterboard linings backed with bituminous
felt.
Ground floor of timber joists supported on sleeper wall.
First floor of timber joists on steel joist.
Partition linings of Norfolk reeds, vermiculite and cork
or expanded clay sandwiched between plasterboard
sheets.
Roof of RST rafters and purlins.

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 Unity Type I P127
Manufacturers: Unity Structures Ltd Alternative names: Butterley
Unity House Construction Unity
Unity Brickclad
Designer:

Period built: 1950s

Number built: 19,000 (includes Types I and II)

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete slab. Frame with twin PRC corner columns.
houses. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE Frame: 6" x 3 1/2" storey height PRC columns [1] with PRC external wall panels square or chamfered at corners.
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with concrete column bases anchored to foundation with mass concrete. Concave splay to PC corner blocks.
tiles. Longitudinal cracking of PRC columns. Horizontal metal braces [2] between columns at first PRC columns acting as mullions.
External walls of stack bonded PC panels, or partial or Cracking and spalling of PRC lintels. floor and eaves level. Diagonal bracing in vertical plane PRC lintels bolted to RSAs bolted to columns.
total brick cladding. Corrosion of steelwork at interface between PRC between columns at corners and adjacent columns and Cavity closers below window openings.
Tile hanging to gable apex. columns and RSJ first floor beams. in horizontal plane between columns in front and rear PRC rafters.
Splayed PC blocks to corners. Corrosion of copper fixings to cladding. walls and RSJ floor support beams. Early houses had concave chamfer to the splayed
Significant levels of chloride in PRC panels. External walls: PC panel [3], cavity wall. Copper strap corner.
Asbestos cement roofing sheets. retaining clips [4].
Separating wall: Lightweight PC block cavity wall.
The system was also used for flats. Partitions: Storey height reinforced plaster units.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on concrete.
REFERENCE First floor: T&G or laminated timber boarding on RSJ
floor support beams fixed to columns by twin steel end
BRE Report BR 38 plates [5].
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber connected to column heads with steel
plates, asbestos cement sheets and concrete tiles.

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 Unity Type II P128
Manufacturers: Unity Structures Ltd Alternative names: Butterley
Unity House Construction Unity
Unity Brickclad
Designers:

Period built: 1950s

Number built: 19,000 (includes Types I and II)

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached and terraced Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete slab. Frame with twin PRC corner columns.
houses.
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE Frame: 6" x 3 1/2" storey height PRC columns [1] with Cladding at corners square or chamfered.
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with bases anchored to foundation with mass concrete. PRC columns acting as mullions.
concrete tiles. Horizontal cracking of PRC columns. Horizontal metal braces [2] between columns at first PRC lintel bolted to RSAs bolted to columns.
External walls of stack bonded PC panels, or partial or cracking and spalling of PRC lintels. floor and eaves level, diagonal bracing in a vertical plane Cavity closers below window openings.
total brick cladding. Corrosion of steel at interface between RSJ floor support between columns at corners and adjacent columns, and Linings to external wall of plasterboard on timber battens.
Tile hanging to gable apex. beam and PRC columns. in horizontal plane between columns in front and rear PRC rafters.
Corrosion of copper strap retaining clips. walls and steel floor support beams.
Significant levels of chloride in PRC external wall panels. External walls: PC panels [3], cavity, PC blocks [4],
Asbestos cement roofing sheets. copper strap retaining clips [5].
Separating wall: 2 1/2" lightweight PC block cavity wall.
The system was also used for flats. Partitions: storey height reinforced plaster units.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on concrete.
REFERENCE First floor: T&G or laminated timber boarding on RSJ
floor support beam fixed to columns by RSC end plates
BRE Report BR 38 [6].
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber rafters connected to column heads with
steel plates, asbestos cement sheets and concrete tiles.

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 Waller P129
Manufacturers: Waller Housing Corporation Ltd Alternative name:
Hill Richards & Co.

Designer: J H de W Waller

Period built: 1920s

Number built:
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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Substructure: Not known. None known.

Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with slates. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE External walls: Dense RC columns [1]. Timber subframe
External walls of PRC panels throughout with exposed acting as permanent formwork to ring beam and columns
vertical PRC cover strips and beams. Cracking and spalling of PRC cover strips. [2]. Dense RC ring beams [3] at first floor and eaves
Leaks through PRC roof units. level. Storey height up to 3' 4" x 1 1/4" dense PRC panels
Timber and slate cover added to roof with 1" diameter [4], 3" cavity, 2" storey height clinker PRC panels [5].
tie bars. PRC cover strip [6]. 10" x 1" PRC cover strip at eaves
level to gable wall [7]. 1" and 1 3/4" PC panels to gable
apex [8].
Separating wall: PC panels.
Partitions: Block or brick.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: PRC slabs on PRC floor beams [9].
REFERENCES Ceilings: Not known.
Roofs: Tray-shaped PRC roof slabs [10], timber rafters
Bemis A F, The evolving house. Vol. III Rational design and battens and slates.
Housing, 24 November 1919
PWBS No. 1

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 Wates P130
Manufacturer: Wates Ltd Alternative name: PH6

Designer:

Period built: 1947–56

Number built: 22,000

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete under- External walls of tray-shaped PRC panels (not always
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with concrete DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE building. Concrete slab. DPC. backfilled with lightweight concrete), cavity, lightweight
tiles. External walls: Storey height 2' and 4' x 1 1/4" (6" at PC blocks, with panels meeting at corners either with

External walls of storey height PRC panels throughout, Corrosion of reinforcement in structural concrete
or with front upper storey of tile hanging, or with flank between PRC panels.
wall of brick. Cracking of vertical joints between PRC panels.
Cracking and spalling of string bonding units.
Spalling around apertures.
The system was also used for flats.
REFERENCE
BRE Report BR 39
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flanges) PRC panels [1] backfilled with lightweight mitre joint or butt joint.
concrete projecting 7/8" beyond flanges; vertical flanges Front upper storey external wall clad with tile hanging on
of units grooved form continuous spaces filled with timber battens.
concrete to form columns [2] that are reinforced at Gable external wall of brick.
column and beam intersections. 12" PRC string bonding Panel width window openings above spandrel panels.
units [3] at first floor and eaves level. Horizontal Partitions of block or PC panels.
continuity reinforcement [4]. Lining of plasterboard with
cavity filled with lightweight concrete [5].
Separating wall: Lightweight PRC panels. String bonding
units continued at first floor and eaves level.
Partitions: Brick.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on timber
wall plate bolted to PRC string bonding units.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber rafters and concrete tiles.

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 Webb P131
Manufacturer: Permanent Pre-cast Constructions Alternative name:
Ltd

Designer: H F Webb

Period built: 1947

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Roof: Dense aggregate PRC panels with cast-in gutters

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[9], 1/2" insulation board and bituminous felt. Modillions
2-storey semi-detached houses. Investigated by BRE at prototype stage only. Guidance Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete under- [10] to soffit of roof overhang.
Flat roof covered with bituminous felt. on inspection and assessment of reinforced concrete building. Concrete slab. DPC.
External walls rendered throughout. durability is given in: Frame: 9" x 9" PRC column in centre of house.
Shallow protruding string courses at first floor level and External walls: Rendered [1] storey height 2' 3" x 9"
at ground and first floor window sill and head levels. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) plain-faced PRC panels with 5 1/2" dense aggregate VARIANTS
Exposed cantilevered beams (modillions) to soffit of roof Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) concrete outer leaf [2] and 3 1/2" clinker aggregate no-
overhang. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) fines concrete inner leaf [3]. Joggle joint [4], copper 2-storey monopitch roof extension to flank wall.
PC window sills. strip or bituminous felt [5], BRC welded steel wire mesh
Flat PC canopy over front door. [6], render [7]. Five string courses.
Some houses have 2-storey monopitch roof extension to Separating wall: Storey height 11" no-fines clinker
flank wall. aggregate PRC panel cavity wall.
Partitions: 4" rendered no-fines clinker aggregate PC
blocks. Spine wall of 4" rendered dense aggregate
REFERENCE concrete panels. 9" RC capping beam notched over
panels.
BRE Archive (EP120) Ground floor: Fibreboard on concrete.
First floor: Fibreboard on 6" x 2' 3" dense aggregate
PRC panels [8] cramped together over spine wall
capping beam by wrought iron cramps (2 per panel).
Ceilings: 2-coat lime plaster applied directly to concrete
components.

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 Wessex P132
Manufacturer: Orlit Ltd Alternative names: Concrete Construction (Wales)
Orlit

Designer:

Period built:

Number built:

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Bungalows and 2-storey houses. Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete slab. External walls with PRC lintel over openings with channel
Medium pitch hipped or gable roof covered with concrete DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE External walls: Storey height 1' and 2' width tray-shaped along top surface to receive 3/8" bar reinforcement and
tiles. PRC panels [1] lined with plasterboard on timber battens concrete and RSA fixed to joists with 2 1/4" bolts.
External walls of storey height PRC panels. Carbonation of PRC panels and first floor beams. fixed to timber noggins in panel joint. Panels connected Roof of timber with plywood gussets. Holding down bolt
PRC ring beam at first floor level. Low cover to continuity steel in first floor PRC ring by bent steel rods inserted though holes cast in panel at eaves level cast into upper surface of PRC lintel.
PRC window surrounds and ground floor sill units. beams. flanges and located on dowels [2] cast into first floor Gable apex of tile hanging on timber battens.
Tile hanging to gable apex. Negative bearing of PRC spine beam on separating wall, ring beam. PRC ring beams [3] at first floor and eaves
thus relying on the projecting steel cast into ring beam. level.
Deterioration of PRC corner panels. Separating wall: Not known.
Partitions: Not known.
The system was also used for flats. Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Inverted T-section PRC primary beams [4]
on ground floor PRC panels, I-section PRC secondary
REFERENCE beams [5]. Concrete cover [6] to continuity bar.
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Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Timber rafters, purlins and concrete tiles.

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 West’s 5M P133
Manufacturer: West’s Piling & Construction Co. Ltd Alternative name:

Designers: G H Wilkinson

Period built: 1960s

Number built:

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. 12" x 4" PRC Ground floor of suspended timber.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: ground beams [1] with cast-in anchorages for wall panels. Air vents in ground beam.
concrete tiles. Projecting tie reinforcement [2]. Concrete slab. DPC.
External walls of [roughcast] render. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) External walls: Rendered [3] storey height 10" PC
Horizontal timber boarding to gable apex. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) corner panels [4] and storey height 1' x 1' 8" width PC
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) panels [5] fixed together by 3/4" galvanised MS bolts, 3/4"
butyl mastic sealing strip [6] and lined with Insulspan
chipboard [7]. 4" x 1/4" MS tie strip [8], 12" lintel panel
[9]. Gable apex of horizontal timber boarding.
Separating wall: Not applicable.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
REFERENCE Roof: Timber trusses and concrete tiles.

CIBSA 1968

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 Whitson-Fairhurst P134
Manufacturer: Scottish Housing Group Alternative name: Ayrshire County Council

Designers: W A Fairhurst
Melville Dundas & Whitson Ltd

Period built: 1940s–early 1950s

Number built: 3400

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. Substructure: Concrete pad foundations [1] with square Ground floor of timber joists in combination with PRC
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles or DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE rebate to receive column bases. Concrete strip footings. beams supported by either sleeper walls or intermediate
copper sheets. Frame: Eaves height 6" x 6" PRC columns [2], PRC PRC beams carried on brick piers.
External walls rendered throughout. Cracking and spalling of PRC columns and beams. beams [3] at ground, first floor and eaves level joined Concrete ground floor.
Windows set in PC window surround. Surface corrosion of loops projecting from beam ends to columns via reinforcing loops protruding from rebated External walls without wall ties.
and plates and pins projecting from columns. end of beam and fixed to metal lugs protruding from face Outer leaf of external walls of 3" breeze block.
Cracking and spalling of door and window surrounds. of column [4]. Concrete cover to joint [5]. Outer leaf of external walls of 3" foamed slag PC
Carbonation and significant levels of cast-in chloride in External walls: Rendered [6] 4 1/2" brick [7], 6" cavity, blocks.
PRC columns and beams. 3" breeze blocks [8] tied together with metal ties. Frame without infill concrete at column and beam joints.
Separating wall: 3" breeze block cavity wall. Central PRC columns jointed about 2' 6" above first floor
The system was also used for flats. Partitions: 3" breeze blocks. level.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber battens fixed Roof cover of copper sheets.
to PRC beams by metal clips.
REFERENCES First floor: Timber boarding on timber battens fixed to
PRC beams by metal clips.
BRE Report BR 50 Ceilings: Plasterboard.
PWBS No. 25 Roof: Timber rafters and concrete tiles.
NTHSc

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 Wil-Mac P135
Manufacturer: Dow-Mac (Products) Ltd Alternative name:

Designers: Dow-Mac (Products) Ltd

Wilson Ltd

Period built: 1960s

Number built: 3

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey terraced houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. None known.
Flat roof covered with asphalt. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Storey height room width PC panels
External walls of storey height PC panels with square with external square dimpled finish [1], cavity [2], 4"
dimpled finish. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) storey height coffered panels [3], 1" polystyrene [4].
Single storey rendered lobby to front elevation. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) 18" PRC eaves beam [5]. Aluminium fascia [6].
Eaves level aluminium fascia. Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) Rendered [7] storey height PC panels [8] to ground
Vertical sliding sash anodised aluminium windows. floor lobby.
Acrylic roof lights. Separating wall: Storey height PC slab cavity wall.
Partitions: Storey height 3" PC panels.
Ground floor: 6" coffered PC slabs.
First floor: 6" coffered PC slabs.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: 6" coffered PC slabs [9], 2 1/2" vermiculite screed
REFERENCE and asphalt. Acrylic roof lights.

Interbuild System Building 2

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 Wilvan P136
Manufacturer: W & C French Alternative name: Owen Williams

Designer: Owen Williams

Period built: 1940s

Number built: 2

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. DPC presumed. Rendered external walls to first floor level and timber
Flat roof. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Eaves height PRC corner columns [1] cladding above.
External walls of eaves height PRC panels and splayed and at separating wall. Eaves height 4' 0 3/4" x 1 1/2" (5" 2-storey side extension with through driveway.
corner columns. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) or 6" at flanged edges) curved expanded clay aggregate
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) PRC panels [2], with 5/8" and 3/8" MS bars in flanges and
3/
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) 16" MS bars in both directions in webs [3], bolted
together [4] with 5/8" bolts, timber framing [5] lined with
plasterboard. Bitumen bonded glass fibre insulation [6]
and bituminous paper backing between frame studs.
Bitumen felt cover strip [7].
Separating wall: PRC panel cavity wall lined with
plasterboard on timber framing.
First floor: 6" x 2" PRC flitch beams [8] with two 1/8" x
REFERENCE 6" x 16' 3" MS plates and 2" square timbers. V-shaped
fixing plate [9] welded to MS plates.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: PRC panels with tapered flanges giving depth of
12" over separating wall and 6" at eaves.

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 Winget P137
Manufacturer: Various, under licence from Alternative name:
Winget Ltd

Designers: Winget Ltd

F Hill

Period built: 1928–31

Number built: 4700 (includes Underdown)

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with tiles.
External walls rendered throughout.
Some houses have single storey bay windows.
REFERENCE
BRE Report BR 55
DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE Substructure: Concrete strip footings and under- England
building [1]. DPC. Unreinforced columns.
External walls: RC columns [2] and RC ring beams [3]. Brick and galvanised steel strip in place of first floor ring
Cracking of render. Rendered [4] 9" x 3' x 3" PRC slabs [5], 2" cavity, clinker beams.
Carbonation of concrete and corrosion of reinforcement concrete slabs [6]. Slabs shaped to act as permanent Concrete ground floor.
in RC concrete columns. formwork for casting of columns with cavity closed by Hollow PRC block floors.
Low chloride level. timber or building board strips [7]. Galvanised MS ties Double PC quoin blocks at corners.
Poorly cast columns, incorrectly formed at bases, not [8]. Corner columns cast in hollow PC blocks [9]. Brick outer leaf of external walls.
meeting first floor RC ring beams. Separating wall: PRC slab and clinker concrete slab Brick partitions.
cavity wall.
Partitions: Clinker concrete panels. Scotland
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on External wall panels of various widths from 9" to 3'.
timber sole plate. Additional RC columns at changes in wall direction (i.e.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber floor joists on RC at bay windows).
ring beam. External wall panels dry bedded.
Ceilings: Plasterboard. Galvanised MS wall ties nailed into slabs.
Roof: Timber rafters and tiles. 6" x 6" PC columns at corners.

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 Woolaway P138
Manufacturers: W Woolaway & Sons Ltd Alternative names: Western
Tarran Industries Woolaways

Designers:

Period built: 1946–56

Number built: 5500

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. Substructure: Concrete raft foundation thickened to Timber wall plate.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles. DESIGNATED DEFECTIVE form footings under external walls. DPC. PC plinth units
External walls rendered throughout. [1]. PC sill units.
Metal cowl to chimney. Cracking in PC columns. Frame: Storey height 6" x 6" aerated PC columns [2],
High rates of carbonation and low levels of chloride in PC rebated PRC ring beams [3] at first floor and eaves
columns. level.
Cracking of aerated PRC panels. External walls: Rendered [4] 4' x 2' x 2" aerated PRC
Corrosion of heads to fixing bolts to PRC panels. panels [5], cavity, 4' x 2' x 2" aerated PRC panels [6].
Panels bolted to frame with six bolts [7] per panel.
Separating wall: PC panels.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists on metal
REFERENCES stirrups [8].
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
BRE Report BR 40 Roof: Timber rafters and tiles.
BRE Film Archive

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 Woolaways Bungalow P139
Manufacturer: Woolaways Alternative name: Westholm
Woolaways

Designer:

Period built: 1953 onward

Number built:

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Detached bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Not known. None known.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Storey height x 1' 6" width PRC panels.
External walls of PRC panels. Separating wall: Not known.
Gable apex alternative cladding. Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) Partitions: Not known.
Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) Ground floor: Concrete.
Carbonation depths in structural-quality concrete (BR 19) First floor: Not applicable.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
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Roof: Timber trusses. Concrete tiles.

REFERENCE

CIBSA 1970

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 XW P140
Manufacturer: Selleck Nicholls & Williams Ltd Alternative names: Selleck Nicholls
Selleck Nicholls & Williams
SNW XW
Designer: Selleck Nicholls & Williams Ltd

Period built: 1960s onward

Number built: 3700

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION Ceilings: Plasterboard.

Bungalows and 2-storey terraced houses.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with interlocking
concrete tiles or flat roof covered with bituminous felt.
Front and rear external walls of eaves height exposed
aggregate PC panels infilled with hardboard or other
claddings.
Gable wall of brick throughout.
REFERENCES
NBA Certificates February 1966, May 1967
Scottish NBA Certificate
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Failure to mate vertical lacing bar with panel loop bars.
Low cover to PRC panels.
Corrosion of embedded mesh reinforcement.
Some honeycombing in concrete crosswalls.
Variable rates of carbonation and low chloride content in
PC panels.
The system was also used for flats.
Roof: Timber trusses and concrete tiles.
Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete slab.
DPC.
External walls: Front and rear walls of eaves height
4' 2" and 6' 8" PC panels [1] lined with foil-backed honey- VARIANTS
comb plasterboard on timber battens [2]. Storey height
timber frame panels [3] fixed to PC panels with Roof of midspan RSJ, timber joists, screeded woodwool
galvanised MS brackets [4] and clad with oil tempered slabs and bituminous felt.
hardboard [5] backed with bituminous felt and lined with Gable wall clad with stone-effect concrete blocks.
plasterboard [6]. Polystyrene insulation between frame
studs [7]. RSC [8], 3" x 2" timber blocks.
Gable wall of brick [9], cavity, 4" storey height PC panels
[10] lined with plasterboard on timber battens. 1/4" MS
hinge rod [11], 1/2" MS loop tie [12] at top of ground
and first floor panels encased in concrete. Timber frame
gable apex [13], polythene membrane [14].
Separating wall: Storey height 6" PC panels lined with
plasterboard on timber battens.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber joists on bitumen-coated joist hangers
[15].

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 Appendix to Part Two
PRECAST CONCRETE HOUSES

Addison AP001
Designer: H Addison CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1920 External walls: Grooved PRC columns. PRC panels,
cavity, PRC panels.

Allbetong AP002
Manufacturer: Sunley Allbetong
Designer: Skanska Cementgjuteriet
Period built: 1960s
Alternative names: Sunley
Sunley Allbetong

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey terraced houses.
Flat roof covered with asphalt.
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Front and rear external walls of storey height timber frame

panels.
Flank wall of brick.

The system was also used for flats.

Andrews AP003
Manufacturer: Andrews (Modern Constructions Ltd) CONSTRUCTION
Designer: J E Adams External walls: Storey height 12 1/2" dished PRC units.
Period built: 1940s

REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 133)

Artmet AP004
Manufacturer: Artmet Constructions Co. CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1940s External walls: PRC panels 8’ wide.

REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 28)

Barvis AP005

Beale & Son AP006

Number built: 180

Bison Trimline AP007

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 Bonding Block System AP008 Davis AP015
Manufacturer: The Bonding Block Construction CONSTRUCTION Period built: 1920s
Co. Ltd External walls: Cavity wall approximately 3’ width, 3"
Period built: 1920-25 thickness internally flanged PRC panels with outer leaf REFERENCE
of dense aggregate concrete and inner leaf of breeze BRE Archive
REFERENCE concrete. Height of panels not known.
Bemis A F, The evolving house. Vol. III Rational design
Dudley Coles AP016
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
External walls of 3’ width fair-faced PRC panels.
Halls Mk III AP017
British Craft Homes AP009
Manufacturer: H Llewellyn CONSTRUCTION Hardie AP018
Designer: H L Dent System with PRC and RC elements bonded together by Period built: 1940s CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1920 interlocking reinforcement. External walls: PRC slab inner leaf.
REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 146)
Cebus AP010
Hayes Interlock AP019
Cemacrete AP011 Period built: 1940s CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1940s CONSTRUCTION External walls: PRC post and panel.
REFERENCE
External walls: PRC wall panels with in-situ concrete
BRE Archive (EP 207)
REFERENCE infilling.
BRE Archive (EP 154)
Incon AP020
Clugston Cawood AP012 Alternative names: Fram
Designer: Clugston CONSTRUCTION Fram Construction
Period built: 1940s Substructure: Concrete strip. 9" brickwork under- Fram Russell
building. DPC. Gerrard Icon
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS External walls: 9" thick hollow large (2 man lift) concrete
2 storey semi-detached houses.
Thatched gable roof.
blocks, with 9" x 9" RC lintels over openings. Rendered
throughout.
Kent AP021
External walls rendered throughout. Roof: RSA collared roof trusses counter-battened and Designer: Colonel H Vaughan Kent CONSTRUCTION
Brickwork gables above ceiling level have ventilation slots battened and covered with thatch. Period built: 1920-25 Frame: PRC T-shaped columns with bolts cast into rear
in diamond-shaped diaper pattern. face.
Horizontal slate flashings to chimneys. IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS External walls: Thin T&G RC slabs held tight to rebated
Plain tile sills. Exposed PRC columns clad with inset fair-faced RC panels internal faces of column flanges with PC spacers.
sometimes rendered or stuccoed. Internal leaf of thin PC panels fixed by clamping the
REFERENCE
panel corners to rear face of the spacers by means of
BRE Archive REFERENCE
the protruding bolts in columns and rectangular MS
Bemis A F, The evolving house. Vol. III Rational design
washers and nuts.
Coignet AP013
Alternative names: Fram Keylock AP022
Fram Construction CONSTRUCTION
Designer: Harry Weedon and Partners
Fram Russell Period built: 1945 Substructure: Concrete strip with in-situ concrete pads
for columns.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS External walls: 8" square section corner PRC columns
Concrete Utilities AP014 2 storey semi-detached houses. with intermediate 6" internal diameter concrete pipes
Medium pitch gable roof covered with tiles. used as columns, infilled with in-situ concrete. Clad with
Designer: Concrete Utilities Ltd CONSTRUCTION External walls of PRC panels. 12" x various lengths from 7' 3" down to 2' 4 1/2" PRC
Period built: 1940s Substructure: Concrete slab. Precast concrete hood over entrance supported on panels.
External walls: PRC plinth units. RC columns, 18" x 8" tubular steel columns. Separating wall: Twin leaf PRC panels.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS x 1 1/2" tray-shaped Cheekol concrete PRC panels, Pressed steel soffits. Ground floor: Concrete.
2-storey semi-detached houses. bituminous paper, cavity, 18" x 8" x 1 1/2" tray-shaped First floor: Twisteel floor slabs.
Pitched roof or flat roof covered with concrete slabs. Cheekol concrete PRC panels with cast-in timber strips, REFERENCE Roof: Tubular steel trusses covered with Marley Ludlow
External walls of storey height narrow PRC panels. wallboard or lath and plaster. BRE Archive tiles.
PRC plinth, window sill, lintel and eaves unit. Separating wall: Tray-shaped Cheekol concrete PRC
panel cavity wall lined with wallboard or lath and plaster.
Cavity filled with concrete.
Ground floor: PRC floor units or timber on concrete
sleeper walls.
First floor: Timber or concrete.
Roof: Timber or flat concrete slabs.

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 Kingston AP023 Oakridge AP028
Designer: Kingston (Architectural Craftsmen) CONSTRUCTION
Ltd External walls: PRC panels incorporating vapour control PAC AP029
Period built: 1951–55 layer, insulation and lining.
Number built: 400 First floor: PS floor slabs.
Alternative names: Boffin Ceilings: PRC panels incorporating vapour control Palmer AP030
Kingston (Myton) layer, insulation and lining.
Roof: Steel trusses.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses.
Panelwall AP031
Medium pitch roof. Alternative names: G 80
External walls of PRC panels throughout. G 80 Panelwall

Locarn AP024 Pearce AP032

Designers: System Locarn Ltd CONSTRUCTION Designer: W O Pearce CONSTRUCTION
Joseph Malone & Associates Substructure: Not known. Period built: 1920 External walls: Flanged PC block columns with rein-
Period built: 1960s External walls: Volumetric box construction. Storey forcement grouted in. Flanged PC block cavity walls
height 16" lightweight PC panels connected by adhesive REFERENCE vertically reinforced with grouted steel rods.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS and post-tensioned wires to form walls of room size units. Moir Report
2-storey semi-detached and terraced houses. Separating wall: Concrete.
Shallow pitch gable roof. Partitions: Lightweight PC.
External walls of decorated self-finished concrete. Ground floor: Granular cork underlay on concrete. Pentagon AP033
First floor: Chipboard. Designer: Llewellyn Smith and Waters CONSTRUCTION
REFERENCE
Ceilings: Chipboard, glass fibre insulation. Period built: 1940s External walls: 7 1/2" foamed slag panels carrying PRC
IBSAC, December 1966
VARIANTS Number built: ring beams.
Ceilings of plasterboard or fibreboard. Alternative name: LLewellyn Smith and Waters Separating wall: Double 3" PRC panels with 3" cavity.
Suspended timber ground floor. Partitions: Celotex fibreboard.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS Ground floor: Concrete.
2 storey semi-detached houses. Ceilings: Gyplith.
Luton AP025 Medium pitch roof covered with concrete pantiles. Roof: Medium pitch RSA trusses with RSC rafters
Storey height PRC slabs. and concrete pantiles.
Manufacturer: Luton RDC CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1919 Substructure: Concrete strip footings. PC block under- REFERENCE
Number built: 24 building. Concrete slab. DPC. BRE Archive (EP 93)
External walls: 3 1/2" PC blocks, cavity, 3 1/2" PC
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS blocks. PC lintels at first floor and eaves level.
2-storey houses. Ground floor: Concrete. Plysyl Bungalow AP034
Steep pitch gable roof covered with tiles. First floor: Concrete on hollow PC slabs on wedge-
External walls of PC blocks throughout. Period built: 1940s CONSTRUCTION
shaped PRC joists.
Concrete window frames. External walls: PRC post and panel.
Ceilings: Plaster. REFERENCE
Roof: Concrete trusses, purlins and tiles. BRE Archive (EP 215)
REFERENCE
Moir Report
Poolman AP035
Maycrete AP026 Designer: C W Wilford CONSTRUCTION
Designer: Ministry of Works CONSTRUCTION Period built: 1940s External walls: Concrete pier and panel.
Period built: 1944–45 Substructure: Concrete strip foundations. REFERENCE
Frame: PRC portal frames. BRE Archive
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS External walls: Maycrete sawdust cement panels, cavity,
Roof covered with asbestos cement tiles. breeze block.
External walls of sawdust cement panels throughout. Partitions: Breeze block. Prefacto AP036
REFERENCE Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Concrete portal frame, timber purlins and
NTHSc
asbestos cement tiles. Rationalised Housing AP037
Neale AP027 RB2 AP038
Manufacturer: L U Neale CONSTRUCTION
Designer: I G Dixon Ward, Bridgwater External walls: PRC posts with RC beams, clad with Ridgeway AP039
Period built: 1948 6’ 6" coffered PRC panels and plain 3’ 0" PRC panels.
Ground floor: Concrete. Period built: 1965–68 CONSTRUCTION
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS First floor: Prefabricated panels. Number built: 69 External walls: Front and rear walls of timber frame
2 storey semi-detached houses. Roof: PRC roof members covered with pantiles. panels.
Medium pitch gable roofs covered with pantiles. IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS Gable wall of brick, cavity, reinforced concrete.
PRC chimney stack. 2-storey terraced houses. Separating wall: Reinforced concrete.
Medium pitch gable roof covered with concrete tiles. First floor: Concrete.
REFERENCE Front and rear walls infilled with timber frame panels. Roof: Covered with concrete tiles.
BRE Archive Gable wall of brick returned round corners.
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 Ross AP040 Western System AP048
Designer: Hector O Hamilton CONSTRUCTION Period built: 1940s CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1940s External walls: Storey height 3’ 2" coffered PRC panels. External walls: PRC post and panel infilled with Cheecol
6" square PRC column at each external corner. Lined REFERENCE RC 4’ x 2’ x 1 1/2" panels.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS with Celotex fibreboard. BRE Archive
2 storey semi-detached houses. Separating wall: Double storey height coffered PRC
Medium pitch gable roof covered with cement painted slabs bolted together, lined with Celotex fibreboard and IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
PRC panels. plaster. Semi-detached houses.
Storey height PRC panels. Partitions: Celotex fibreboard plastered each side.
6" square PRC column at external corners. Roof: Medium pitch gable roof covered with cement
painted coffered PRC slabs.
WL Ring AP049
REFERENCE
BRE Archive Manufacturer: Williams and Lampard CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1970s External walls: Room size interlocking PC box units.
Ground floor: Concrete.
Shingleton Conslab AP041 REFERENCE
CIBSA 1970
First floor: Formed by base of PC box units.
Ceilings: Formed by head of PC box units.
Period built: 1940s

REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 80)
Young RW AP050
Period built: 1940s Unreinforced PRC panels weight 1 cwt.
Simmcast AP042 REFERENCE
Manufacturer: Simms Sons & Cooke Ltd BRE Archive (EP 153)
Period built: 1968–70
Number built:
Alternative names:
798
Simms
Ytong AP051
Simms CDA Period built: 1940s Large concrete blocks.
Simms Sons & Cooke
REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 130 and 142)
Speyroc AP043
Strongman AP044
Period built: 1940s CONSTRUCTION
External walls: Concrete post and panel.
REFERENCE
BRE Archive (EP 100)

Trentrox AP045
Designer: G Percy Trentham Ltd CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1960s External walls: PC panels. Timber cladding with Minkroll
Number built: 2 spray finish, spray plaster internal finish.
Separating wall: Cavity wall of unknown construction.
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS Ground floor: Concrete.
2-storey semi-detached houses.
External walls of timber boarding with Minkroll spray
finish.

Unit System AP046

Manufacturer: Unit Construction CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1920 Substructure: Concrete strip footings. Concrete block
Alternative names: Unit underbuilding. Concrete slab. DPC.
Unit Construction External walls: PC blocks, cavity, PC blocks. Wall ties.
First floor: RC.

Weedon AP047

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Walemesh AT111
ADDENDUM
Walker AT112
Number built: 60
to the digital edition
Wallis AT113
Manufacturer: John Wallis and Co. CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1920s Substructure: Not known.
External walls: Timber frame panels infilled with flint-
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS faced concrete and lined with lath and plaster.
External walls of exposed timber frame panels infilled
with flint-faced concrete.

Walton T114
Manufacturer: F Walton CONSTRUCTION
Period built: 1920s Substructure: Slate footings. Concrete underbuilding.
External walls: Balloon frame construction. Eaves height
IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS timber frame panels tied together with vertical iron rods
2-storey houses. and covered with lath and render and lath and plaster.
Medium pitch hipped roof. Ground floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
External walls of lath and render and lath and plaster. First floor: Timber boarding on timber joists.
REFERENCE
Moir Report
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Welgrave AT115
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Western AT116
Manufacturer: Western Timber Co.

Whatlings Redwood AT117

Wilson AT118

Woodclad AT119

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 Span Type K ADM001
Manufacturer: Span Developments Ltd Alternative name: Span

Designer: Eric Lyons

Period built: 1967–69

Number built: 341

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Terraced bungalows and 2- and 3-storey terraced
houses.
Shallow pitch monopitch roof, or double monopitch roof
of sawtooth section, covered with asbestos
cement slates. External walls of brick, painted asbestos
cement sheet, asbestos cement slate hanging or
painted vertical timber boarding to first floor level, and
stained vertical timber boarding or asbestos cement
slate hanging to upper floors. Single storey entrance
porch to most dwellings, clad in stained vertical timber
boarding, with flat roof.
Some dwellings have single storey rear extensions with
flat or monopitch roofs.
Painted asbestos cement sheet panels at separating wall.
Gable wall of brick throughout.
REFERENCE
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of steel framed houses is given in:
Steel framed and steel clad houses: inspection and
assessment (BR 113)
Inpecting steel houses (IP 14/87)
Maintaining and improving steel houses (IP 15/87)
The system was also used for flats.
Substructure: Not known. None known.
Frame: Coupled RS A-frames placed centrally on plan.
Protective coating: Not known.
External walls: Front and rear walls of timber frame
panels with asbestos cement, brick, vertical timber
boarding cladding or asbestos cement slate hanging to
first floor level, and vertical timber boarding or asbestos
cement slate hanging above. Gable wall of brick, cavity
and blockwork.
Separating wall: Brick, faced externally with 9" width
painted asbestos cement panels.
Partitions: Timber stud lined with plasterboard.
Ground floor: Concrete.
First floor: Timber panels.
Ceilings: Plasterboard.
Roof: Pitched roof of timber panels on timber purlins,
and asbestos-cement slates. Flat roof of timber panels
and bituminous felt.

Architectural Design and Construction, February 1944

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 Occident ADP001
Manufacturer: British Occident Concrete Alternative name: Wheatley
Construction Co. Ltd

Designer: John Bland

Period built: 1926–27

Number built: 30

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

2-storey semi-detached houses. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Concrete strip footings. None known.
Medium pitch hipped roof covered with clay tiles. assessment of reinforced concrete durability is given in: External walls: Full width storey height 71/2" PC
External walls of storey height PC panels throughout, panels incorporating door and window frames to
painted to first floor level and covered with tile hanging Corrosion of steel in concrete (BRE Digest 444, Pts 1–3) ground floor on mortar bed, with 2" exposed dense
above. Repair and maintenance of reinforced concrete (BR 254) aggregate outer leaf, 31/2" cavity with loose clinker
Bay window to front elevation with spandrel panels of Carbonation depths in structural quality concrete (BR 19) fill, and 2" clinker concrete inner leaf, finished skim
rendered blockwork. coat plaster. First floor similar, but with 2" clinker
Cast concrete architrave to door. concrete outer leaf covered with tile hanging. Steel
interlocking lugs linking edge steel reinforcement.
Mortar joint.
Separating wall: Full width storey height 71/2" clinker
concrete PC panels incorporating flues, finished skim
coat plaster.
REFERENCE Partitions: Storey height room sized clinker concrete
PC panels, 41/2" to ground floor, and 2" above, finished
Concrete and Constructional Engineering 1925,1927 skim coat plaster.
Ground floor: Suspended timber joists.
First floor: Timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber joists and purlins, and plain tiles.

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 Douglas Special ADT001
Manufacturer: Alternative name:

Designer: A H Mottram

Period built: 1944

Number built: 64

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows and chalet bungalows. Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and Substructure: Brick on concrete strip footing. None known.
Medium pitch hipped roof (bungalows) or medium pitch assessment of timber framed houses is given in: External walls: 2" solid timber planking lined

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gable roof (chalet bungalows), covered in concrete tiles. internally with fibreboard and externally sheathed with
External walls of vertical timber boarding (bungalows) or Timber frame housing 1920–1975: inspection and building paper, diagonal timber boarding and vertical
horizontal timber boarding (chalet bungalows) assessment (BR 282) timber boarding (bungalows) or horizontal timber
throughout. Supplementary guidance for assessment of timber- boarding (chalet bungalows).
Timber porch. framed houses: Part 1 Examination (GBG 11), Part 2 Separating wall: Not known.
Interpretation (GBG 12) Partitions: Timber stud.
Ground floor: Not known.
First floor: Timber joists.
Ceilings: Not known.
Roof: Timber rafters and purlins, and concrete tiles.
REFERENCE

Architectural Design and Construction, February 1944

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 Swedish Sectional Timber ADT002
Manufacturer: Alternative names: SST
Swedish Timber

Designer: C L Sjostrom Mardall

Period built: 1937–47

Number built: 300

Insufficient information available for detailed drawing.

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IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS NOTES FOR SURVEYORS CONSTRUCTION VARIANTS

Semi-detached bungalows and 2-storey semi-detached or
terraced houses.
Shallow pitch monopitch roof,or shallow pitch gable roof
covered with profiled asbestos cement sheets.
External walls of stained or painted horizontal or vertical
timber boarding, or render.
Timber porch.
REFERENCE
Architectural Design and Construction, February 1944
Not investigated by BRE. Guidance on inspection and
assessment of timber framed houses is given in:
Timber frame housing 1920–1975: inspection and
assessment (BR 282)
Supplementary guidance for assessment of timber-
framed houses: Part 1 Examination (GBG 11), Part 2
Interpretation (GBG 12)
Substructure: Concrete strip footings carried up above External walls clad externally with 3/4" vertical timber
ground level. boarding and cement render on bitumen impregnated
External walls: 1- and 2-storey height timber frame fibreboard lathing.
panels lined internally with fibreboard on 11/2" T&G
timber boarding, and clad externally with felt and 1"
vertical or horizontal timber boarding.
Separating wall: Timber frame panels lined each side
with 11/2" T&G timber boarding and asbestos cement
sheeting.
Partitions: Timber stud.
Ground floor: T&G timber boarding on timber joists.
Paper insulation to joists.
First and second floors: T&G timber boarding on
timber joists.
Ceilings: Fibreboard.
Roof: Asbestos cement profiled sheeting on timber
rafters and purlins. Sawdust and lime insulation to
ceiling joists.

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 Appendix A
Systems for which information
on structure is not available

Alastair MacDonald Hybrid

Arnold Hypsecon
Ayr Ideal Industrialised
Bittner Jones & Harvey
Bunton LVS
Celconite MacGregor
Chase McInerney
CHS Monoform
Clerk Mulso
Colridge U Frame 234 Multex
Consell Muniment
Crosspan Penilee
Crouch Point
CW Roy Industrialised
Donald Brown Skagervic
DSIR Stone Clad
E H Smith Tarmac
Edran Tarslag
EFMB Taylor Interlock
Elisol Templar
Experimental Thornton
Gough Cooper Torvale
Hadley Hollcoh

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 Appendix B Appendix C
Systems based on small unit size Rationalised traditional houses
loadbearing masonry

These systems are outside the scope of this book. These systems are outside the scope of this book but are listed so that readers can eliminate
them from investigations. It should be noted that some manufacturers used the same name

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Systems considered by the Moir Systems considered by the Burt for rationalised traditional and non-traditional houses.
Committee in the 1920s Committee Experimental Panel in the
For an explanation of the operation of this 1940s 4 H/7 New Decade
Committee, see Introduction, page xiv. For an explanation of the operation of this Bates Peak Homes
Committee, see Introduction, page xvi. Crouch Transitional Plus 3 Contracts
Aero Block (Thornley, Mott and Vines) Crux RATRA or Ratra
Autobond (McKaig) The EP numbers refer to the Experimental Drury System 3 Ratrad (Terrapin)
British Lean Panel reports held by BRE, which may be Faculty Rat-Trad (John McLean)
Cable-Rolock (WM Smith) consulted by arrangement with the BRE Federated System 1 Richard Thomas & Baldwin
Carler (Mountsorrel) Library. Forum Homes Rowcon
Haigh’s Improved Hales RTE
Interlock (Walter Jones) Airwork (EP 117) Hallam Mk I SASB
Jackson Aulei (EP 22) Halliwell Rat Trad Scan
Jefferies (Arthur E Jefferies) Beardmore (EP 134) Harvey & Lawrence Shaneley
Lissaman Carmyle (Stuart) (EP 204) Hemelite Homes (Rationalised Building Shanplan
Loc-Block (Aldridge) Clarincrete (EP 181) Systems) Shepherd Spacemaker
May System (Besarwick and Bruner) Dibden Purlieu Special (EP 161) Hillcon Sherwood
RE-Con-Block (Mitchell) Dri-crete (EP 217) HSD Simms CDA
Slater’s Three-ply Harvey Habala (EP 179) Jansel Southend 3M
Sutcliffe Laing’s Lightweight Concrete (EP 200) Kier Span Type K
Swingler LBC (EP 84) Kier BDC Housing Spooner Urban
Tebe (Sundstrom) Lockspeed Drylay (EP 62) Laing Stubbings
Triangular Block Mons-block (EP 16) Lawrence Weaver Surebuilt (Pearce and Barker)
Morgan Chemical Co (EP 11) Lesser Homes System 22 (Eton)
Mouldbloc (EP 146) Loudon Tersons 169
Masonry systems described by Bemis Muller (EP 20) M+J Thomson
in The evolving house Vol. III Rational Quetta (EP 20) Mactrad (John McLean) TR
design, 1936 Speed Block (EP 137) Medway Industrialised Transitional
Stabalite (EP 180) MeTra Trim
Carter WB (EP 52) MHC (Midlands Housing Consortium) Trybuilt
Jefferies Willment Type A (EP 196) Middleton Trygon
Loc Bloc Minox Ty-Built (Tiley and Sons)
Swingler MJ Three Unit M Plan
Triangular Block Mod L Unit System 66
Modform Weaver
Morris & Jacobs WG
Murphy YDG
Nema

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 Index Index
Index of house names and alternative names Beanland No 2 P017 BRS Type 4 S009
Beco Wallform S005 Bruce AT014
Belcon P018 Bryant P021 P029 P030 S047
Belfry P018 Bryant Kwikform S047
Bell-Livett M059 P076 Bryant Large Panel P029
Bellrock P019 P093 Bryant Low Rise P029 P030
Bennett T009 Bryant Low Rise System 4 P030
Bigland & Mowat AT010 Bryant Quikform S047
Birmingham Corporation M015 Bryant System 2 P029
Many house types may be known by alternative names, Example Birmingham Corporation M014 Bryant System A S047
and these could have been used for more than one house The reported name of the house type is Adams and the Birmingham Corporation Postwar Experimental M015 Bryant Wall Frame P021
type. The names shown in bold are the definitive names structure is known to be of concrete. Adams is the Birmingham Corporation Type ST M015 Brydon S010
used in this book, and the entries to which these refer are definitive name of entry AM001. However, this is a BISF M016 M017 M018 M019 Brydon No-Fines S010
also shown in bold. metal-framed type. The most likely entry for this house BISF Type A M016 BSC P107
A definitive name may also have been used as an type is therefore either P001 (Adams H1) or P002 BISF Type A1 M017 BSL P031
alternative name for other house types, and where this is (Adams HVA3), both of which are precast concrete BISF Type B M018 Buchan M023
the case the references for these are also listed. house types. BISF Type C M019 Buckwyn AM011
Bison P020 P021 Build Form AT015
12M Jespersen P067 Arcon Mk V M007 Bison Crosswall P020 Building Systems Ltd P031
4L P013 Arcon Permanent House M006 Bison Trimline AP007 Bullock T013
5M M064 Arcon Temporary Bungalow M007 Bison Wall Frame P021 Bur-Pal T014
Argyll P007 B-J M020 Burt Boulton T015
A Arlon AM004 Blackborrow P022 Butterfly S062
Aberdeen Corporation S001 T001 Arrow P008 Blackburn M002 M003 P023 P024 S006 Butterfly No-Fines S062
Adams AM001 P001 P002 Arrowhead M008 Blackburn No-Fines S006 Butterley P127 P128
Adams H1 P001 Arrowtrim T008 Blackburn Orlit P024
Adams Housing Syndicate AM001 Artmet AP004 Blackpool P094 C
Adams HVA3 P002 Arup S003 Block Watne T047 Calder T016 T084
Addison AP001 ASD AT003 Boiler Plate M010 Calder Homes T016
AGB Modular 6 M001 Aspect AT004 Bonding Block System AP008 Caldervale T017
Airey P003 S022 Atherton M009 Boot P025 P026 Calverley Modular T018 T019 T143
Airey new improved duo-slab house P003 Atholl M010 M011 M012 Boot Beaucrete P025 Calverley Modular Type I T018
AIROH Temporary Bungalow M002 Atholl 1926 M010 Boot Pier and Panel P026 Calverley Modular Type II T019
Alcrete P004 Atholl 1945 M011 Boro T010 Calverley Type I T018
Alcrete Mk I P004 Atholl 1951 M012 Borohus T010 Calverley Type II T019
Alcrete Mk II P004 Atholl Postwar M011 M012 Boswell S007 Calway AS001
Alderton S002 Atholl Prewar M010 Boulton & Paul T011 Cameron T020
Allbetong AP002 Atlas Stone P009 Bourne P101 Camus P032
Aluminium Bungalow M002 M003 Austin Hall AT005 Boyd AM006 Canadian Demonstration T021
Aluminium Bungalow B1 M002 Avonside AT006 Boyd Gibbons S008 Canadian Demonstration Homes T021
Aluminium Bungalow B2 M002 AW Hawksley S049 Boyd Gibbons No-Fines S008 Canadian Timber T021 T022 AT016
Aluminium Bungalow BL8 M003 AW Hawksley SGS S049 Braby AM007 Canadian Timber Type I T022
Aluminium Bungalow BL8D M003 Ayrshire County Council P010 P134 Bracpress M069 Canadian Timber Type II AT016
Aluminium House M004 Braddock AM008 Canister AM012
AMcK P005 B Bradley P086 AT011 Carey Homes AT022
Amey Chivers P085 B&J AT007 Braithwaite M021 M093 Carlton P033
Anchor 12M T002 B&P T011 Braithwaite Unit Frame M093 Carnavon T028
Anchor 600 AT001 Bailey Stratton AM005 Bricket Wood Special T012 Caspon T023
Anchor Modular AT002 Balency P011 Brims AT012 Cast Iron M095
Anchorloc AM002 Balfour Beatty P012 Bristol Aeroplane M004 P004 Cast Rendered S011
Anderson Permanent House AM003 Banton S004 British Cast Concrete Federation P015 Cathcart T137
Andover T003 Banton No-Fines S004 British Craft Homes AP009 Cavi Costain P042
Andrews AP003 Barratt T088 AT008 British Housing M022 Cavicrete P042
Anglia P006 Barvis AP005 British Power Boat T112 CAWL T133
Anglia Type A P006 Bates 4L P013 British Ropes P031 C-DA AP042 T118
Anglian P116 Battery Cast P014 British Steel Construction P107 CDC T020
Anglian P006 Bayley Bartlett AT009 Broadmead P027 Cebus AP010
Anglo Swedish AT003 BCCF P015 Broadway AM009 Cedar Homes T024 T051
Anvil T004 BCCF Temporary Bungalow P015 Brodie AM010 Cedarwood T045
Anvil 6B T004 BDG P016 Brown of Wem AT013 Cedarworth Homes T025
Appleyard T005 T006 BDG Wessex P016 BRS S009 Celtic Homes T026 T052
Arbor T006 Beale & Son AP006 BRS Battery Cast P014 P052 Cemacrete AP011 S046
Arcal M005 T007 Beanland M013 P017 BRS Brecast P014 Cemalite S046
Arcon M006 M007 Beanland No 1 M013 BRS L-shaped panels P028 Challow T027
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 Index Index
HLB M045 Knightsbridge T059 Mac-Girling P078 Multiflex T127
Homeville M049 Kwikform S047 Mackay H & Sons AM021 Multigrid T091
Homeville Industrialised M049 MacKeown AS015 Multilite AS016
Housing Development & Construction P060 L Macrae T075 Multispan M066 AT064
Howard M050 M051 Laidlow Thornton AS013 Macrae Plus T076 MWM AS017
Howard Mersham AT044 Laing P067 S023 S024 T104 AT093 Mactaggart & Mickel AT055 Myton P087
Howard Type A M050 Laing Crosswall P067 S024 Mactrad T077 Myton-Clyde P087
Howard Type B M051 Laing Timber AT093 Malthouse P079 Myton-Solway P087
Howells P063 Lamella S035 Maple Leaf T078
HSSB P064 Lamella Roofed Cottages S035 Mark M062 N
Hughes AS009 Lammermuir T052 Marley P080 AT056 Nadder P101
Hultsfredhus T058 Lanark County Council T065 Marnel M062 Natcon P088
Hultsfreds T058 Langlands M057 T066 T067 T068 T069 Martin Construction AM022 NBA Silksworth T117
Humphreys T059 Langlands Bungalow T066 Maxim S037 AT057 NCB P089
Humphreys Knightsbridge T059 Langlands Mansard T067 Maycrete AP026 Neale AP027
Langlands Terrazzo T068 MC2 AM022 Neata AT065
I Langlands Type N2 T069 McAlpine T079 New England T006
IBIS M052 Larsen & Neilsen P006 McDonald T080 New Georgian M067
IDC P060 Lauderdale T052 McLean T077 AT058 New Trend AT066
Ideal M069 Lawrence T070 Mears Cowlin AT059 Newcastle Corporation T092
Ideal Industrialised M069 Lawrence Building Co. AT048 Medway T081 T082 Newland P090
Incast S033 LC M060 Medway Industrialised T081 T082 Newton Chambers M095
Incon AP020 LC System M060 Medway Type I T081 Nissen-Petren M068
Index M059 P076 LCC Mobile T071 Medway Type II T082 No-Fines S004 S006 S008 S010 S011 S015
Industricon P065 LCC Timber T108 T109 T110 MeTraCon P081 S026 S029 S033 S038 S039 S042 S051
Integer M053 Lecaplan P072 P073 MeTraTim T083 S052 S055 S059 S060 S062 AS021
Interbild AT045 Lecaplan Type A P072 Metratrim T083 Nokkelhus T093
Intercon AM020 AS010 Lecaplan Type B P073 Meyer T084 Norlog T094
Intrad AS011 Leeds Corporation M059 P076 MFC P082 AT060 Northern Ideal Homesteads M069
ISEC T087 Lexington T006 MFC Housing P082 Norwegian Log T094
Lexington Super T006 MHC T085 Norwegian Timber T088 T092
J Leyland Industrial AT049 Midland Housing Consortium T085 Nuttall M039 M070 M071
Jackson T060 Lightning Construction P074 Millard T098 T099 Nuttall Building System M070
James Wild M035 Lilleshall P075 Miller S038 S039 T086 Nuttall Mk II M071
Janes AT046 Lindsay P010 P134 Miller No-Fines S038 S039 Nuway AT067
Jansel P066 T061 Lindsay Parkinson P064 S045 Miller O'Sullivan S044
Jespersen P067 Linton T072 Miller Temporary Bungalow S039 O
Jespersen 12M P067 Linton TD T070 Minniel P083 Oakridge AP028
Jicwood T062 Lisset AT050 Minox M063 M097 T087 Occident ADP001
Jicwood Temporary Bungalow T062 Liverpool Corporation M058 Monox Econstruction T087 Ontario T042
Jones & Harvey S017 Liverpool Special T073 Minster T023 Open System Building M072
Livett-Cartwright M059 P076 Mitchell AT061 Opperman AM024
K Llewellyn T101 Mitchell Unit P032 Orlit P024 P091 P092 P093 P122 P132
Keeland P035 Llewellyn Shells T101 MOD Special P084 Orlit Type I P091
Kelvin M054 Lloyd M090 Modern Building (Wales) T038 Orlit Type II P092
Kencast P068 Lo Rona AS014 Modform AM023 Orlit-Bellrock P093
Kenkast P068 Locarn AP024 Modular 6 M001 OSB M072
Kent AP021 Lothian AT051 Modular Housing M001 O'Sullivan S044
Ketton P069 T063 Louden AT052 Module Two AT062 O'Sullivans S044
Keyhouse Unibuilt M055 Loudon P077 Modulow M060 Outinard Parkinson S045
Keylock AP022 Loudon Mk II P077 Modumould AT063 Owen Williams P136
Kier T064 T081 Lovatt S055 Modus P028 P085
Kier BDC T064 Love P083 Moelven Brug T088 P
Kilpeck T004 Lovell T074 MOHLG T089 PAC AP029
Kinch T055 Lovell Housing System T074 MOHLG 5M M064 Page-Johnson S032
Kincorth P070 Lowestoft Borough S036 Morrell P086 Palmer AP030
Kincorth Mk III P070 Lowton-Cubitt M060 MOW Demonstration S040 S041 S042 Panelwall AP031
King & Howse AS012 Ludford AT053 MOW Demonstration Expanded Clay S040 Papworth Permanent Bungalow AT068
Kings Thorn Special P071 Luton AP025 MOW Demonstration Foamed Slag S041 Paragon M073
Kingsthorne Special P071 Lynn M022 MOW Demonstration No-Fines S042 Parcrete AM025
Kingston AT047 MOW Emergency M075 Parkinson P064 P094 S045
Kingston AP023 M Mowlem S043 Parkwall S045
Kingstone M056 M&J AT054 Mucklow M065 Parkway T036
Kirton S034 Macfarlane M061 Mucklow Plan M065 Peak Homes T095
Multicom T090 Pearce AP032
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954 955
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 Index Index
Challowette T027
Channello P034
D F Gilbert Ash
Gilbert Ash Tracoba
P120 AT035
P120
Dagenham Special S018 F J Moore P113
Cheecol Keeland P035 Giles AS008
Dalcot P044 F3C and F4C Concrete Houses AS006
Chicago T025 Glasgow Corporation AT036
Daleholme P046 AT021 Facta T038
CLASP M064 Glasgow Foamed Slag P053
Dare M072 Factrad AT026
CLASP 5M M064 GLC Anglia P006
Davies AS004 Faculty T039
Clements AM013 GLC Anglian House P116
Davis P104 AP015 Fairweather P049
Clip Slab M009 GLCC Mobile T071
Davis J AS005 Falcon P050
Clore Grange P046 GLE P054
Dean T037 Falkiner Nuttall M039
Clothed Concrete Construction P047 Goldcrest T048
Denis Poulton M033 Farlington Special P051
Clugston Cawood AP012 Goldenhomes AT037
Dennis M034 M035 Farquahar AT027
CM T018 T019 T143 Grampian T052
Dennis Steel Frame House M035 Farrans S026
CM Yuill T018 T019 T143 Grandidge T084
Dennis-Wild M035 Farrans No-Fines S026
CMX T018 T019 Grange AT038
Dennis-Wild Patent Steel Frame Composite System M035 Federated System 2 T040
Coignet AP013 Gray AT039
Devon Lady T031 Fewac AM016
Colt T028 Grayholme AT040
Diatomite S019 Fidler S027
Combined Concrete Construction AS002 Great Yarmouth Borough T060
Discus M036 Fillod AM017
Compton T031 Gregory P055 P056
Domkonstruado P045 Fincast AM018
Conatus M024 Gregory Crosswall P056
Domus AT022 Finnish Timber T100 AT028
Concept P036 Gregory Industrialised P056
Donald Cameron T020 Firmcrete S028
Concept 4 P036 Grenfell Baines M043 T049
Doncaster P031 Firth AS007
Concrete Construction (Wales) P132 Grid M044
Doric S020 Fleming AT029
Concrete Frames S012 Grove Homes T050
Dorlonco M037 Flexi T041
Concrete Houses Ltd P037 GT AT041
Dorman Long M037 Florida T025
Concrete Utilities AP014 Guildway T051
Dorran P046 Foamed Slag S029 S041
Connell M025
Douglas T137 Fontaberry T042
Conslab S013
Douglas Special ADT001 Forfar Borough T043
H
Conspan P109 Hall T052
Doxford M022 Formula M040 AT030
Contrad AT017 Hallam T053 T054 T055
Drury P049 P056 Formwall S062
Cook S014 Hallam 3M T054
Drury System 3 P056 Forrester-Marsh S030
Copeland AM014 Hallam Mk I & Mk II T053
Dry Walls S021 Forth AT031
Cornes M026 M032 M092 Hallam Mk III T054
DSIR Edmonton BRS P014 Fram P014 P032 P052 AP013 AP020
Cornes Cussins M026 M032 M092 Hallam VM T055
Dudley Coles AP016 T039 Fram BRS P014 P052
Cornish P038 P039 P040 Hallam Volumetric T055
Dudley Coles M001 Fram Construction P014 P032 P052 AP013 AP020
Cornish Flush Panel P038 Hallamshire Mk I T053
Duo-Slab S022 Fram Industrialised P052
Cornish Unit P038 P039 P040 Hallamshire Mk II T053
Duplex M038 Fram Russell P014 P032 P052 AP013 AP020
Cornish Unit Type I P039 Halliwell T138
Duplex Sheath M038 Framecourt AT032
Cornish Unit Type II P040 Halliwell Timber T138
Dyke P047 Frameform T044
Corolite S015 Halls Mk III AP017
Dyke CCC P047 Fraser & McDonald AT033
Coronation T028 Halls Programme H T052
Corvus S016 Fredericks T045 T046
Hamish Cross Type I P057
Coseley AM015 E Fredericks Cedarwood
Fredericks Frame System
T045
T046
Hamish Cross Type II P058
Cosmos P041 AT019 Easiform S023 S024 Hardie AP018
Costain P105 S049 Fredericks Industrialised Timber T046
Easiform Type I S023 Hardy P059
Costain P042 Fribahus AT034
Easiform Type II S024 Harley Haddow P070
Costain-Wilson P042 Fribo Hus AT034
East Knowle Special P048 Harry Neal Battery Cast P014
Coventry Corporation M027 Fribohus AT034
Eastwood T137 Harvey Frame T056
Cowieson T029 Fromson AM019
ECP Modular AT023 Hawksley M002 M003 M004 S049

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Craftcast S017 Fyfield T003
Edgell T032 Hawksley Aluminium M002 M003 M004
Craig Atholl M028 Edinburgh Foamed Slag S025 Hawksley SGS S049
Crane M029 EDLO BRS P014 G Hawthorn Leslie M045
Cranwell M030 Edwards Construction S030 G 80 AP031 Hayes Interlock AP019
Croft Granite P015 Eklectron T033 G 80 Panelwall AP031 HDC P060
Crosby P043 Elementhus T034 G B Watne T047 Heath AT042
Cruden M031 P106 T132 Elliott AT024 G Block Watne T047 Herald S032
Cruden Brick-clad M031 Elsworthy T035 Gadie S031 Hertfordshire County Council T057
Cruden Rural M031 Enfield BRS P014 Gart AT035 Hertsmere Special P061
Cruden Unicorn T132 Engineered Homes P099 P100 P101 T036 Gateshead Butterfly S062 Hexham Special P062
Ctesiphon AS003 English Electric T049 Gateshead Corporation M041 Highland Tain AT044
Cubitt M060 Enso Gutzeit T010 Gateshead Experimental M041 High Speed System Building P064
Cuckow AT019 Errol T072 Gateshead No-Fines S062 Hilcon M046
Cussins M026 M032 M092 Eskdale T052 Gee Walker & Slater M005 M042 Hillcon M046
Cussins Cornes M026 M032 M092 Essihus AT025 Gemini T055 Hills M014 M046 M047
Cuyper AT020 Eurodean T037 Geneva T025 Hills Presweld M047
Czechoslovakian Timber T030 Expanded Clay S040 Gerrard Incon AP020 Hitchins M048

952 953
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 Index Index
Pemcrete P095 Ridgeway AP039 Sherwood T116 Sunskeeme S053
Pennine T120 Rigid Frame M008 Shingleton Conslab AP041 Supalite AT092
Pentagon AP033 Rigid Frame Construction M008 Shipston M087 Superhome AT093
Pentland T052 Riley M080 Shipston Aluminium M087 Surrey Grove AT094
Permabuild P096 Rileyform T104 Sidney Stone AS020 Sutherland AT095
Permabuilt P096 Ringsakerhus T088 Silksworth T117 Swedale AT096
Permacrete S046 RM Housing M044 Simmcast AP042 Swedish Homes T125
Perma-Erecta P097 RMR T105 Simms AP042 T118 T119 T120 Swedish Sectional Timber ADT002
Permanent Aluminium M003 Roberts T017 Simms C-DA AP042 T118 Swedish Timber T058 T125 AT003 AT116
Perren T096 Roften M081 Simms Sons & Cooke C-DA T118 ADT002
PH6 P130 Rogers Concrete Construction AS019 Simms Sons & Cooke AP042 T118 T119 T120 Swift T126
Phoenix M025 M074 M077 M082 Rogers Construction AS019 Simms Sons & Cooke SWPA T120 Swiftplan AM030 T127
Phoenix Temporary Bungalow M074 Ross AP040 Simplified Brickwork P104 Swiftplan H12 T127
Plasteel M045 Rothschild M082 Sindall P103 Swiftplan Multiflex H AM030
Plysyl Bungalow AP034 Rothwell-Perrin AT076 Siporex P105 Swiftplan Multiflex H12 T127
Poolman AP035 Rotinoff M083 Siporex 6M P105 SWPA T120
Portal M075 Rowcon T106 T107 Skarne P106 Symplex M092
Portal Temporary Bungalow M075 Rowcon Type I T106 Slingsby P046 AT088 System DL T031
Potters Bar Special P098 Rowcon Type II T107 Slipform S024 Systemac AT097
Potton AT069 RTB M052 M084 Smith P107
Poulson M072 RTB Temporary Bungalow M084 SNW P108 T083 T
Poulton M033 RTE AT077 SNW XW P140 T&N M098
Pratten AT070 Rubery Owen M085 Solid Cedar T121 Tarran P115
Pre-Cut Norwegian AT071 Rumble S048 Solvyt S050 Tarran Mk IV P115
Prefab M002 M007 M074 M075 M086 M100 Russell Leighton P102 Solway P087 Tarran Temporary Bungalow P115
P015 P115 T062 T113 T123 T134 Ryedale AT078 Spacemaker P109 Tarran-Dorran P046
Prefacto AP036 Spacemaker Bungalow AT089 Tarran-Newland P090
Prestoplan T097 S Spaceway M088 Taygon AT098
Presweld M047 Salveson AT079 Speyroc AP043 Taylor Woodrow-Anglian P116
Procol M076 Sanders-Foster AM026 Span ADM001 Taylor-Woodrow Anglian P006
Prowting M008 T008 Sawston SB2 P103 Span Type K ADM001 Tayton AS022
Purpose Built T098 T099 SB2 P103 Spooner T023 T122 T123 Tee Beam P117
Purpose Built Type I T098 Scan AT080 Spooner Mk III T123 Telford M093
Purpose Built Type II T099 Scanda Plan AT081 Spooner Temporary Bungalow T123 Tenaplas S054
Puutalo T100 Scandev AT082 Spooner-Caspon T023 Terrapin T128
Pyrocol AT072 Scandia AT083 SSHA S051 S052 AS021 T124 Teviotdale T052
Scano T108 T109 T110 SSHA Canadian Commissioner's House T124 Thain Capital AT099
Q Scano Type I T108 SSHA Canadian Timber T124 Thames M094
Quality M077 Scano Type II T109 SSHA Cellular Concrete S051 S052 AS021 Thames House M094
Quikbild T101 Scano Type III T110 SSHA Commissioners Resumption AS021 Thermostatic Steel House AM031
Quikform S047 Scansiv AT084 SSHA No-Fines S051 S052 AS021 Thorncliffe M095
Scansystem AT085 SSHA Wartime Cellular Concrete S052 Thornwall P118
R Schindler S049 SST ADT002 Thornwall 3M P118
R M Rowlands T105 Schindler-Gohner System S049 Stanley Miller AS017 Thornwood P118
Radiation House M027 Scotfast P075 AT086 Steane M089 THUS AT100
Ramsjo AT073 Scotfast Taybank P075 Steinkjer AT090 Timber Flex T035
Rapirect AS018 Scotlog T111 Stent P110 Timber Frame (UK) AT101
Rationalised Housing AP037 Scott & Middleton AM027 Stewart P111 P112 Timcon AT102
RB2 AP038 Scottwood T112 Stewart & Lloyd M006 M007 M090 Token P119
RCC AS019 Seco M086 T113 Stewart & Partners P111 P112 Toogood AT103
RD 27 P121 Seco Frame M086 Stewart & Partners Type I P111 Town & Vale AM032
Redesdale T052 Seco Mk III M086 T113 Stewart & Partners Type II P112 Tracoba P120

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Redifice Bungalow AT074 Seco Permanent House M086 Stex AT091 Tracoba Low Rise P120
Reema P099 P100 P101 Seco Temporary Bungalow T113 Stonecrete P113 TRADA T129 T130 AT100
Reema Coffered Panel P099 Segal T114 Stour P101 TRADA Directly Clad T129
Reema Conclad P099 Selleck Nicholls P038 P039 P040 P081 P108 Stratton Bungalow AM005 TRADA Separately Clad T130
Reema Contrad P100 P140 AS016 T083 Strongman AP044 TRADA Type I T129
Reema Hollow Panel P101 Selleck Nicholls & Williams P038 P039 P040 Structural and Mechanical Engineering AM028 TRADA Type II T130
Reema Waffle Panel P099 P081 P108 P140 AS016 T083 Stuart M091 Trellit AM033
Reeves Frame T102 SGS S049 Stuart Scheme II AM029 Trentrox AP045
Reid AT075 Shaddow Wall AT087 Stubbings P114 Truscon P121
Reith M078 Shama Houses M082 Stubbings Industrialised P114 Truscon RD 27 P121
Resiform M079 T103 Sharen T126 Stubbings Industrialised Low Rise P114 Trussit AT104
RFC M008 Shepherd P109 T115 Sunley AP002 Trusteel M096 M097
Richard Thomas & Baldwin M084 Shepherd Spacemaker P109 Sunley Allbetong AP002 Trusteel 3M M096
956 957
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 Index
Trusteel Mk II M097 Weir Cathcart T137
Trybo T131 Weir Douglas T137
TSB AM034 Weir Eastwood T137
Tubrick AM035 Weir Multicom T090
Turner & Newall M098 Weir Multigrid T091
TWA P006 P116 Weir No-Fines S060
Tweedale T052 Weir Paragon M073
Weir Postwar T136
U Weir Prewar T137
UCO S055 Weir Quality M077
Ulster Cottage P122 Welgrave AT115
Underdown P123 Wellbuilt T138
Unicom AT105 Wellington T082
Unicorn T132 Wessex P016 P132
Uniment P124 West Pennine T120
Uni-Seco M086 T113 Western P138 T058 AT116
Unistem AT106 Western System AP048
Unit P032 P125 AP046 S055 T133 AT107 Westholm P139
Unit Camus P032 Westminster T079
Unit Construction P032 P125 AP046 T133 Westmorland T028
Unit Frame M021 West's 5M P133
Unit No-Fines S055 Weybridge T062
Unit System AP046 T133 WGH Pre-Fab System P096
Unit System 67 T133 WH M103
Unit-Built P125 Whatling S061
Unitroy M099 P126 Whatlings Redwood AT117
Unity P127 P128 Wheatley ADP001
Unity Brickclad P127 P128 Whitcon AS023
Unity Type I P127 Whitson-Fairhurst P010 P134
Unity Type II P128 Wild M035
Universal M100 M101 M102 S056 Wild Steel Frame System M035
Universal Mk III M100 Wilkinsons (Runfold) P096
Universal Permanent Prefabricated House M101 Willett Industricon P065
Universal Temporary Bungalow M100 Wil-Mac P135
Universal Type I M101 Wilson M104 AT118
Universal Type II M102 Wilson House M104
Urba T023 Wilson Lovatt S055
USA T134 Wilson Lovatt 83 S055
USA Temporary Bungalow T134 Wilvan P136
Wimpey S062
V Wimpey No-Fines S062
Variform AT108 Wimpey W6M S062
Varney AT109 Winget P137
Veneercraft AM036 WL Ring AP049
Vine & Vine S057 Woodclad AT119
Volumetric Timber T055 Woodley BRS P014
Woolaway P138
W Woolaways P138 P139
Waddington AT110 Woolaways Bungalow P139
Wakefield Special S058 Wylye P101
Waldic AM037
Walemesh AT111 X
Wales Sindall P103 XW P140
Walker AT112
Waller P129
Wallis AT113
Y
YDG T139
Walton AT114
Yorkshire Development Group T139
War Office No-Fines S059
Yorkshire Timber Frame T140
Wates P130 T135
Young Elizabethan T141
Wates Low Rise T135
Young RW AP050
Watne T047
Youngman T142
Webb P131
Ytong AP051
Weedon AP047
Yuill T018 T019 T143
Weir M073 M077 S060 T090 T091 T136
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958
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