1.

The Liaquat-Nehru Pact, also known as the Delhi Pact, was signed between India and
Pakistan in 1950. It aimed to safeguard the rights of minorities in both countries following the
partition in 1947. The pact addressed concerns related to the security, rights, and welfare of
minorities, particularly Muslims in India and Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistan. It included
assurances for the protection of minority rights, such as equality before the law, religious
freedom, and non-discrimination in matters of employment and education.

2. Drafting a new constitution in 1950 was challenging due to several reasons:

a. Legacy of British Rule: India had been under British colonial rule, and drafting a new
constitution meant breaking away from the colonial legacy while still retaining certain
administrative structures.

b. Diverse Population: India is a diverse country with various linguistic, cultural, and
religious communities. Ensuring representation and accommodating the interests of these
diverse groups in the constitution was a complex task.

c. Communal Tensions: The partition of British India in 1947 had led to communal tensions
and violence between Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs. Drafting a constitution that would
promote unity and address the grievances of different communities while preventing further
conflicts was a significant challenge.

d. Socio-Economic Disparities: India faced profound socio-economic disparities, including

issues of caste, class, and regional inequalities. The constitution needed to address these
disparities and lay the foundation for a more equitable society.

e. Political Ideologies: India had various political ideologies, ranging from socialist to
capitalist and from secular to religious. Balancing these ideologies and reaching consensus
on the fundamental principles of the constitution required extensive debate and negotiation.

f. International Influences: The drafting of the constitution was also influenced by

international events and ideologies, such as the aftermath of World War II, the rise of
decolonization movements, and the emergence of the Cold War.

Overall, these factors made the process of drafting the constitution of India in 1950 a
complex and challenging endeavor, requiring careful deliberation, compromise, and vision
for the future of the newly independent nation.