Arch Buildings for Exam 1

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Frontispiece. Marc-Antoine Laugier, An Essay on Architecture

(1755)

Primitive hut. Gottfried Semper, The Four elements of Architecture

(1851)

Arawak Bohio. Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes, Historia

General y Natural de las Indias, Islas, y Tierre Firma del Mar
Oceane(1535)

Earliest known huts for nomadic tribes

Terra Amata (France), c. 400,000 BCE

Cave paintings

Lascaux cave (France), c. 17,000 BCE

Mammoth bone hut (Mezhrych, Russia), c. 15,000 BCE

Lepenski Vir (Serbia), c. 9500-6000 BCE One of the first settlements

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Circular formation had a religious meaning

Göbekli Tepe (Turkey), c. 11,000-8000 BCE

The beginning of settlements after being nomadic.

Çatalhöyük (Turkey), c. 7000 BCE

made of mud on woven mat, the basic home design of today

Langweiler longhouse (Germany), 5500-5000 BCE

SkaraBrae (Scotland), c. 3100 BCE

Meant to commemorate the dead, stood 70 feet tall

Menhir Brisé, Locmariaquer (France), c. 4700 BCE

Le Menec alignments, Carnac (France), c. 2500 BCE arranged for miles, shadows of the rocks has religious significance

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example of a Trilithon

Pentre Ifan dolmen (Wales), c. 3500 BCE

example of a Trilithon

Gochang dolmen (Korea), c. 7thcentury BCE

Barrow or gallery grave (West Kennet, England), c. 3600 B

Knowth passage grave(Ireland), c. 3000 BCE

Passage grave (Newgrange, Ireland), c. 2500 BCE

Circular formation has religious implications

Avebury circle (England), c. 3600-2500 BCE

there is no truth known about the construction, but rather theories

Stonehenge (England), c. 3000-1500 BCE

interior rooms were built separately from exterior walls

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Hagar Qim(Malta), c. 3600-2500 BCE

Oval Temple (Khafaje, Iraq), c. 2650-2350 BCE

Palace of Zimrilim (Mari, Syria), c. 2250 BCE

example of a step pyramid

Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu (Ur, Iraq), c. 2100 BCE

Step pyramid that was constructed one layer at a time

Mortuary complex of Djoser (Saqqâra), c. 2650 BCE arch-

Imhotep

Early Egyptian style

Stepped Pyramid (Meidum)- Pyramids of Sneferu, all c. 2600 BCE

Bent Pyramid (Dahshur)-Pyramids of Sneferu, all c. 2600 BCE

Red Pyramid (Dahshur) -Pyramids of Sneferu, all c. 2600 BCE

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right one

Pyramid of Giza-Khufu, c. 2589 BCE

largest, middle one

Pyramid of Giza- Khafre, c.2570 BCE

left one

Pyramid of Giza-Menkaure, c. 2510 BCE

Constructed for the purpose of protecting the tombs

Great Sphinx (Giza), c. 2550 BCE

Break in the traditional temple building styles

Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep (Deir el-Bahri), c. 2050 BCE

Built on the side of a grand cliff

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut (Deir el-Bahri), c. 1460BCE. Ar-

chitect: Senmut

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accessed by the Nile river thought channels, bridge is lined with
statues

Temple of Amon-Ra (Karnak), c. 1525-1250 B.C.E.

The mosque in the center of the temple was built later, not dedi-
cated to a god or dead king

Temple complex at Luxor(Luxor), c. 1460-c.1250 BCE

There was no roofing, everything was open to the sky

Temple of Aten (Akhentaten), c. 1440 BCE

Not a very grand pyramid in hopes of avoiding grave robbers

Tomb of King Tutankhamen(Valley of the Kings(near Luxor)),

c.1350 BCE

Two days of the year, the sun shines through the temple and
illuminates the back wall

Temple of Ramses II (Abu Simbel), c. 1250 B.C.E.

Cobblestone streets, dense layout, temple maintained highest

point

Gournia (Crete), 1600-1100 BCE

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largest of Minoan city-states

Knossos / Palace of Minos (Crete), c. 1600 BCE

Cyclopean masonry

Lion Gate, Mycenae, Greece c. 1250 BCE

Tomb of beehive type shape

Treasury of Atreus (Tomb of Agamemnon), Mycenae, Greece c.

1400 BCE

rectangular structure and very important in the development of

classical architecture

Palace megaron, Tiryns (Greece), c. 1600-1100 BCE

Palace of Nestor, Pylos (Greece), c. 1300 BCE

Lion and Sphinx gates were meant to protect its entrance

Hattusha (Turkey), c. 1800-1100 BCE

The First Temple (aka Solomon's Temple), (Jerusalem) c. 900 Under the supervision of King Solomon, housed the art of the
BCE covenant

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Built when the Jews were allowed back in Jerusalem

The Second Temple, (Jerusalem) c. 20 BCE built by Herod

Guarded by Lamassu

Palace of Sargon II, Dur-Sharrukin (Khorsabad, Iraq) 715-705

BCE

The for worship of gods, first to be built in Mesopotamia

Ziggurat of Sargon, Dur-Sharrukin (Khorsabad, Iraq) 715-705

BCE

Vibrant colors were added through experimental uses of metals

and clays

Ishtar Gate, New Babylon(Iraq) c. 570 BCE

"temple of the foundation of heaven and earth"

Entemenanki Tower, New Babylon(Iraq) c. 570 BCE

evoked Babylonian prototypes

Tomb of Cyrus the Great, Pasargadae (Iran) c. 530 BCE

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Almost 11,000 square feet and contained 72 columns

Apadana of Darius, Persepolis(Iran) c. 500 BCE

Rock-cut tombs, Persepolis(Iran) c. 450 BCE

Cluttered appearance was purposeful

Agora of Athens, between 2ndcentury BCE and 150 CE

characterized by order and regularity rather than chaos

Miletus (Turkey), c. 470 BCE plan attributed to Hippodamus

different than an amphitheater, memorize the parts

Theater, Priene (Turkey), c. 250 BCE

usually 1-2 stories and centered around a courtyard

The oikos, or Greek urban house, c. 470 BCE

used to hold dedications for apollo

Treasury of Athens, Delphi (Greece) 510-480 BCE

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looking over the ruins of Delphi

Theater, Delphi (Greece) 4th century BCE

Hero's grave, made of wood and the greeks hardly ever used wood

Heroon at Lefkandi, Naxos, c. 1100 BCE

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

marked the first use of marble

Temple of Artemis, Ephesus (Turkey), c. 560-550 BCE

Doric, peripheral, hexastyle temple

Temple of Athena (a.k.a. Temple of Ceres), Paestum (Italy), c. 510

BCE

Two story interior similar to Parthenon

Temple of Poseidon, Paestum (Italy) c. 420 BCE

First known use of the corinthian order

Temple of Apollo Epicurus, Bassae, 450-425BCE—Iktinos, archi-

tect?

Temple of Athena Pronaia, near Delphi, 380-360 BCE

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Propylaea, Acropolis (Athens, Greece) begun 437 BCE—Mnesik-

les, supervising architect

Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis (Athens, Greece) c. 420 BCE

Kallikrates architect?

Parthenon, Acropolis (Athens, Greece) 447-432 BCE—Iktinos

and Kallikrates, architects; Phidias, sculptor

Erechtheion, Acropolis (Athens, Greece) 421-406 BCE—Mnesik-

les, architect (attributed); Phidias, sculptor

Priene (Turkey), c. 350 BCE

Stoa of Attalos, Athens Agora, 159-132 BCE

Choragic Monument of Lysicrates (Athens), 335 BCE

Temple of Apollo at Didyma (the Didymaion)(Turkey), begun c. 300

BCE

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Sanctuary of Athena Lindia at Lindos(Turkey), 3rd century BCE

Altar of Zeus, Pergamon (Turkey), 197-195 BCE

Tower ofthe Winds (Athens), 50 BCE (possibly2ndcentury BCE)

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