Squares and Square Roots 49

ofeachof the following, using the diagonal method:

the. palue 6. (86)2 7. (137)2 8. (256)2
pnd

SQUARE ROOTS

square root of a numberx is that number which when multiplied by itsey'

root The
Square product.
gtvesx as the
number x by x.
We denote the square root of a
Clearly, 4 = 2, V9 -3, J16 =4, /25 =5, etc.

Rootof a Perfectt Square by

the Prime Factorisation Method
Square
glven number is a perfect square,
we flnd its square root bythe following steps:
When a
Resolve the given number into prtme factors.
Steo1.

Slap
2
Make pa°s of simtlar factors.
factor out of every pair.
Take the product of the prime factors, choosing one
Step3.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
2|324
EXAMPLE1. Find the square root of 324. 2162
3 81
Solution By prime factorisation, we get 3 27
324 =2x2x3x3x3x3. 3

/324 =(2x3×3) = 18. 3 3

2 1764
EXAMPLE2. Find the square root of 1764. 2 882.
441
By prime factorisation, we get
3
Solutlor 3 147
1764 = 2x2 x 3x3x7x7. 7 49
J1764 =2x3x7= 42.

EXAMPLE 3. Evaluate V4356. 2 4356

2 2178
Solution By prime factorisation, we get 3 1089
3 363
4356 = 2x2 x3 x3 x11 x11. 11 121
/4356 = (2x3x11) = 66. 1l

EXAMPLE 4. Evaluate 11025. 511025

5 2205
Solution By prime factorisation, we get 3 441
3 147
11025 =5x5x3x3 x7x7. 7 49
7
I1025 =(5x3x7)= 105. 1