History of

philippine literature
GOAL:

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 GOAL:

✣ SDG 4: Quality Education

✣ SGD 10: Reduced Inequalities
✣ Laudato Si’ Goal: Response to the Cry of the Poor
✣ Laudato Si’ Goal: Community Engagement and
Participatory Action

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Essential Question:

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 Checking your prior
Knowledge:

What significant ideas

do you already know about
Philippine Literature?

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 Philippine Literature

Pre-colonial American
Period Colonialization Contemporary

Spanish Japanese
Era Period to Post
War

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 1
Pre-colonial period
? - 1564
 Pre-colonial period
✣

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Pre-colonial period
▪
▪

▪
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 Pre-colonial period
▪
▪

▪
(Mojares, 1983)

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Pre-colonial period

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 Pre-colonial period
Riddle
- made to rhyme and utilize the talinghaga
⨳ a form of metaphor (creative way to describe)
Proverbs / Epigrams / Salawikain
- intended to teach values
- statements of a culture’s codes of behavior and
beliefs

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 Pre-colonial period
Myth
- explains how the world was created
- story of gods and divine beings
Legend
- traditional story about the past
- story of people with super powers

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 Pre-colonial period
Songs

■
■
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 2.
SPANISH
COLONIALIZATION
1565-1897
 SPANISH COLONIALIZATION
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▪
▪

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 SPANISH COLONIALIZATION
LITERARY FORM: POETRY

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 SPANISH COLONIALIZATION
LITERARY FORM: POETRY

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 SPANISH COLONIALIZATION
LITERARY FORM: DRAMA/PLAY

LITERARY FORM: PROSE

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 SPANISH COLONIALIZATION
LITERARY FORM: PROSE
○ URBANA AT FELIZA
- proto-novel
- theme: decorum
- book of conduct

○ Modesto de Castro
- Concerned with ideal norms
- Style and thoughts: Classicism
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 SPANISH COLONIALIZATION
○ Other significant works
- Ninay (1885) – Pedro Paterno
- Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) –
Jose Rizal
- first great realist
- form: more European than native
- they are Filipino in motive, subject, and intent
■ growth of nationalistic consciousness
■ changes in the concept of ‘Filipino’
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 SPANISH COLONIALIZATION
Nationalistic Period
○ The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) abuses

and injustices denounced

➢ accusations refuted

➢ future action laid out

➢ Dr. Jose Rizal

➢ Graciano Lopez Jaena

➢ Marcelo H. del Pilar22

 “…literature written not only for Filipinos, but by
Filipinos who think and express themselves
precisely as Filipinos… Only if this happened could
we have Filipino literature in the full sense of the
world.”
- John Schumacher

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 3.
AMERICAN PERIOD
1898 - 1944
 AMERICAN PERIOD

○
○

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 AMERICAN PERIOD
Printing Press
➢ free from religious censorship
➢ newspapers and magazines
• venues for creative
writing and socio-political
commentary
• serialized novels

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 AMERICAN PERIOD
Philippine Literature in English began to gain momentum.
▪ imitative
▪ “Filipino Poetry”
▪ first collection of poetry in English
▪ edited by Rodolfo Dato
▪ experimental
▪ innovations in meter, rhyme, stanza, forms

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 AMERICAN PERIOD
➢ Spanish, English, Filipino
➢ Period of Apprenticeship (Imitation)
➢ American and English writers
➢ College students or young graduates
➢ Period of Emergence
➢ Jose Ma. Hernandez – self-discovery
➢ Consciously and purposefully
➢ Full control of English
➢ Experimentation on forms and techniques
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AMERICAN PERIOD

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AMERICAN PERIOD

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AMERICAN PERIOD

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July 04, 1946

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 4. Japanese
colonialization
1942 - 1945
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Japanese colonialization
Japanese colonizers

LITERARY FORM: POETRY

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Japanese colonialization
Ang katoto kapag tunay
An old pond! hindi ngiti ang pang-alay
A frog jumps in— kundi isang katapatan
the sound of water. ng mataus na pagdamay.
Furu ike ya Ika’y latay sa isip,
kawazu tobikomu isang saksak sa dibdib.
mizu no oto Hagkis sa panaginip.
— Diona kay Diona,
Mark Joseph Rafal
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 Japanese colonialization
LITERARY FORM: DRAMA

LITERARY FORM: FICTION

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 Japanese colonialization
LITERARY FORM: FICTION
▪ the field of short story widened
▪ best writings in 1945:
▪ 1st – Narciso Reyes’ “Lupang Tinubuan”
▪ 2nd – Liwayway Arceo’s “Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa”
▪ 3rd – NVM Gonzales’ “Lunsod, Nayon at Dagat-
dagatan”

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 Japanese and post-war
Fiction writers in English: Fiction writers in Tagalog:
- F. Sionil Jose - Efren Abueg
- Kerima Polotan-Tuvera - Rogelio Sikat
- Ophelia Alcantara-Dimalanta - Edgardo Reyes
- Aida Rivera-Ford - Liwayway Arceo
- Gilda Cordero-Fernando - Genoveva Edroza-Matute
- NVM Gonzales
- Nick Joaquin
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 post-war

Macario Pineda’s “Ang Ginto sa

Makiling”

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 post-war

Carlos Bulosan’s “America is in the Heart” (1946)

Stevan Javellana’s “Without Seeing the Dawn” (1947)

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 post-war

Palanca Awards were

instituted in 1950’s
Siliman Writer’s Workshop
started in 1961
- Edilberto and Edith Tiempo
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 Contemporary period

✣ Response to historical and political forces

✣ Martial Law and Assassination of Ninoy Aquino

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 5.
CONTEMPORARY
PERIOD
1946-present
 Contemporary Period
- rebirth of freedom

Literary works in the 21st Century

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 Contemporary Period
The following are the most notable literary
genres in the 21st century:

Creative nonfiction – uses literary styles and techniques to

create factually accurate narratives

Blog – a web log that contains short articles called posts

▪ usually about different experiences, opinions, interests, and
hobbies
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 Contemporary Period
Poetry

Mobile phone text tula – often read on mobile phones

▪ modernization of tanaga
● from dual rhyme forms to freestyle
● can now have a title
Hyperpoetry – a form of digital poetry that uses hypertext mark-up
- No set order
- Moves in response to the links that the reader/user chooses

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 Contemporary Period
Poetry

Spoken word – poem performed or read in artistic and emotive

manner
▪ presented in the streets, bars, café
▪ focuses on word play (intonation and voice inflection)
▪ examples: Juan Miguel Severo’s “Parating Palayo”

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 Contemporary Period
Fiction
Flash Fiction – fiction of extreme brevity
▪ complete plot
▪ surprise (plot twist, unexpected
last lines)

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 Contemporary Period
Fiction
Speculative Fiction – encompassing the more fantastical
fiction genres
▪ science fiction
▪ fantasy
▪ horror
▪ utopian and dystopian fiction
▪ apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
▪ alternate history in literature
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Essential Question:

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Asynchronous Task
• Create a timeline showing the significant events in the
Philippine Literature.
• Write a brief explanation of your timeline (3-5 sentences).
• Do not forget to cite the sources of the borrowed ideas.
• Submit through the posted assignment in Genyo.
• Filename: SURNAME_TIMELINE

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