Carding Process:

Carding is the one of the most important process in cotton spun yarn
manufacturing, because it determines the quality of yarn. This is the process, by
which textile fibers are prepared to manufacture a yarn. In this process,
fibers are opened at almost single, removal of dust, trash, neps and short fiber
to produce a continuous strand of fiber called sliver
Objectives of Carding Process:

1. Opening and individualization of fibers.

2. Elimination of remaining impurities that are not removed in blowroom.
3. Reducing neps of fiber.
4. Fibre mixing and blending.
5. Elimination of short fibres.
6. Elimination of dust
7. Opening up to individual fibres
8. Disentanglement of neps
9. Fibre orientation or alignment
10.To produce a thick sliver.

Combing
Combing is a method for preparing carded fibre for spinning.
Combing aligns fibers in parallel before spinning to produce a
smoother, stronger, and more lustrous yarn. The process of combing
is accompanied by gilling, a process of evening out carded or combed
top making it suitable for spinning.

Drawing out

After carding or combing, the fiber mass is referred to as the sliver. Several slivers are
combined before this process. A series of rollers rotating at different rates of speed
elongate the sliver into a single more uniform strand that is given a small amount of
twist and fed into large cans. Carded slivers are drawn twice after carding. Combed
slivers are drawn once before combing and twice more after combing.

Twisting
The sliver is fed through a machine called the roving frame, where the strands of fiber
are further elongated and given additional twist. These strands are called the roving.

Spinning

The predominant commercial systems of yarn formation are ring

spinning and open-end spinning. In ring spinning, the roving is fed
from the spool through rollers. These rollers elongate the roving,
which passes through the eyelet, moving down The sliver is fed
through a machine called the roving frame, where the strands of fiber
are further elongated and given additional twist. The predominant
commercial systems of yarn formation are ring spinning and open-end
spinning. Open-end spinning omits the roving step