Republic of the Philippines

Pampanga State Agricultural University

Magalang, Pampanga
College Agriculture Systems and Technology
Department of Animal Science

TURMERIC POWDER AS DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS ON PRODUCTION AND EGG

QUALITY OF LAYING JAPANESE QUAIL

SUBMITTED BY :

DUNGCA JAMIL C.

SUBMITTED TO :

MR. RICARDO HERNANDEZ

 INTRODUCTION

Importance of this study

Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is one of the efficient livestock sectors in providing

nutrition, both from eggs and meat that contain high animal sources (Basri et al., 2018; Handarini

et al., 2008).A quail egg weighing 10 g contains 13% protein that is higher than protein content

in a chicken egg (11%) (Saraswati and Tana, 2016). Quail eggs contain antimicrobial nutrients,

antioxidants, immuno-modulators, iron, vitamin A and B12 (Kovacs-Nolan et al., 2005). The

disadvantage of quail eggs is their high cholesterol content (16.05 mg/g), which is significantly

higher than chicken eggs with a content of 7.65 mg/g (Aziz et al., 2012). Herbal ingredients can

be used to improve the performance of poultry because it has biological activity (Sharifi et al.,

2013). Supplementation of herbal ingredients such as extracts of Artemisia, thyme, oregano, and

rosemary can increase growth performance and improve feed digestibility of broiler chickens

(Nosrati et al., 2017). In Broiler chickens, herbal ingredients increase antibody titers against viral

diseases, especially Newcastle disease and also reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels

(Jouybari et al., 2009; Houshmand et al., 2012).

Turmeric is a rhizome obtained from the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa). Turmeric

commonly known as “luyang dilaw “ belong to the Zingiberacae family that is rich in phenolic

compounds with anti-mutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties (Abdullah et al., 2010).

Turmeric also contains active compounds such as curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin,

bisdemethoxycurcumin and tetrahydro curcuminoid (Kiuch et al., 1993) with antioxidant, anti-

inflammatory and nematocidal activities (Ammon et al., 1993; Kiuch et al., 1993; Osawa et al.,

1995).
 Moreover, turmeric powder contains phytoestrogens which stimulate the development of

ovarian follicles (Saraswati et al., 2014), therefore, supplementation of turmeric powder

improves egg production and egg weight (Gumus et al., 2018).

Yolk color is one of the main factors that influences the buying decision of consumers

because it is associated with the nutritional value of the egg (MOURA et al., 2010). Another

consumer demand is the consumption of healthy food with no synthetic additives (ATTIA et

al., 2018). Hence, turmeric powder may be used as a natural pigment. In this study aimed to

determine the effect of supplementation of turmeric powder on the performance and egg quality

of Japanese quail.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Generally, this study aims to determine the performance of quail fed with turmeric

powder supplementation.

Specifically, it aimed to determined the following :

1. Egg production

2. Egg weight

3. Egg size

4. Feed consumption ; and

5. Feed Conversion Ratio

 REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

According to Lagua E, Ampode KM (2021). Stated that “ Turmeric powder: potential

alternative to antibiotics in broiler chicken diets”. There is an urgent need for the agricultural

industry to develop strategies to substitute antibiotics for food-producing animals, especially

poultry and livestock. Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) is one of the many medicinal herbs

promising agricultural products as natural feed additives in poultry diets. It is the primary source

of phenolic compounds such as curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and

tetrahydrocurcuminoids. Several trials of the utilization of turmeric in poultry have been

conducted using the in vitro and in vivo methods, and it was found out that turmeric and its

derivatives have antimicrobial properties. The use of turmeric powder as feed additives and

supplements have been recommended as an alternative to antibiotics for broiler chicken

production.

As reported by Nova TD, Yellita Y (2015) the effect of turmeric powder (Curcuma domestica

Val) in feed on the blood of local ducks. The study used 80 head day old duck (DOD), Pitalah

male duck, which was placed on the 20 unit enclosure plot, with 4 treatments and 5 replications.

The treatments given are A (feed + 0.0% turmeric powder), B (feed + 0.2% turmeric powder), C

(feed + 0.4% turmeric powder) and D (feed + 0.6% turmeric powder). Data obtained during the

11-week maintenance period were analyzed using analysis of variance based on a randomized

block design (RBD), followed by Ducan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Giving turmeric

powder (Curcuma domestica Val) up to 0.6% very significant increase (P<0.01) the number of

erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and total lymphocyte persentasse, while the

number of heterophile, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils real decrease (P<0.05). The study
states that the using of turmeric powder (Curcuma domestica Val) up to 0.6% in the diet can

improve health status have shown the blood conditions...

According to Nuraini , Mirzah and Ade Djulardi, (2019). Turmeric (Curcuma domestica, Val)

extract (TE) is a natural source of yellow-orange pigment and a natural source of antioxidant,

antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and antitumor compounds. The present study was

conducted to evaluate the effect of TE as a feed additive on egg production performances and

egg quality of laying quail. The basal diet contained 20% crude protein and 2800 kcal kg–1. The

parameters measured were feed intake, hen day-egg production, egg weight, egg mass

production, feed conversion, egg yolk color and egg cholesterol content. Results: Increasing the

TE level significantly increased (p<0.05) feed intake and hen-day egg production, egg mass

production and egg yolk color but significantly decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion and egg

cholesterol content. Feed intake, hen-day egg production and yolk color were optimal with the

inclusion of 20 ppm TE in the drinking water while egg cholesterol content and feed conversion

were lowest at this concentration.

Santana T et al. (2019). Stated that “THE USE OF CINNAMON POWDER IN THE DIET OF

JAPANESE QUAILS “. The performance and quality of eggs produced were evaluated. A

sensorial analysis of the eggs was carried out to evaluate the color of the egg yolk, the taste

of the egg and the purchase intention. There was no significant effect on the performance and

egg quality variables, except for the specific gravity and color of the yolk, which increased

linearly. The evaluators presented a higher intention to purchase eggs from the treatment

with 6g kg-1 of cinnamon addition in the diet. We concluded that the inclusion of 12.0 g

kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet for laying quail does not affect the performance and the
taste of the eggs, nevertheless, this level of inclusion provides an improvement in the specific

gravity and color of the yolk

As cited by Saraswati, T. R., & Tana, S. (2016). Feed and drinking water provided ad libitum.

Observed egg is an egg that was first produced. Parameters measured were the age of sexual

maturity, feed intake, body weight, physical qualities which include: weight of egg, long axis,

short axis, weight and thickness of shell, yolk index, Haugh unit, egg shell index. Whereas the

observed chemical quality were cholesterol, HDL, LDL, protein, vitamin B12, vitamin A in eggs

and egg shell calcium levels. The results showed that administration of turmeric powder can

accelerate the age of maturity, increasing the levels of protein, HDL, vitamin A and B12 in eggs,

decreasing the cholesterol and LDL content in eggs, but did not affect feed intake, physical

quality of eggs and egg shell calcium levels. Based on the results of this study, it can be

concluded that supplementation of turmeric powder improve the chemical quality of Japanese

quail eggs (Coturnix japonica), so it is good for the development of quail embryos as well as for

consumption.

As reported by Almeida AZ et al. (2020). Stated that “ Dried Cassava Residue in Laying Quail

Feeding”. DCR did not affect (p>0.05) performance, internal egg quality, yolk color, and the

values of villus height, crypt depth, and villus height/crypt depth ratio for the segments of the

small intestine. However, a linear increase (p<0.05) was found for eggshell thickness, relative

weight of the gizzard, and small intestine with increased dietary levels of the residue. For the

relative weight of the pancreas, a quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed, with the lower relative

weight estimated at 4.04% DCR inclusion. Comparing to the control group (0% of DRC

inclusion) the quails fed 5% of DRC showed a lower relative weight of the pancreas. The
inclusion of up to 10% of dried cassava residue in laying quail’s diets does not interfere with the

performance. Among the organs of gastrointestinal tract, the inclusion of dried cassava residue

increased the relative weight of gizzard and small intestine. In addition, it improves eggshell

quality by increasing eggshell thickness.

METHODOLOGY

Experimental Animals

The common breeds in the country are Japanese quail, Japanese Seattle and Japanese

Taiwan. A total of 120 Japanese Quail at 42 day-old was used as experimental animals for

comparison.

Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is one of the efficient livestock sectors in providing

nutrition, both from eggs and meat that contain high animal sources (Basri et al., 2018).

Experimental Design and Treatments

In a completely random design (CRD), 120 quails divided into four treatments in three

replicates. (Each replicates containing 10 quails).It reduces biases and other prejudices by

determining whether the data collected was significant or not.

The following are the treatments that will be used; T0 – control , T1 quails fed with .5%

turmeric powder, T2 quails fed with 1.5 % turmeric powder while Treatment 3 quails fed with 3

% turmeric powder.

Experimental Treatment

T0 – (control)
 T1 – commercial feeds +. 5 % turmeric powder

T2 – commercial feed + 1.5 %turmeric powder

T3 – commercial feed + 3 % turmeric powder

Preparation of Turmeric powder

Turmeric root was peeled, sliced to 2 mm thickness and dried in an oven at 60 °C for 30-

36 hours, then grounded and sieved with a 25-mesh sieve (0.7 mm diameter).

Experimental Layout

T1R1 T1R2 T1R3

T2R1 T2R2 T2R3

T3R1 T3R2 T3R3

 The total number of 120 quails with three (3) replicates and three (4) treatments. Each

treatment had 10 Japanese quail.

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Experimental Housing / Pens

No more than 30 quails in one cage. Its dimensions should be within 1 m (length) to 0.4

m (width).The height of the cage is not more than 20 cm. Each cages was subdivide in to three

cages with 10 quails per row, with the measurement of 33 cm long to 40 cm width and 20 cm
height. The height of the back wall is 20 cm, and the front wall is 25 cm. The angle of inclination

of the floor towards the egg tray is 8-10 degrees. The egg collector should protrude 7-10 cm and

have sides (so that the eggs do not fall down).The front wall, fastened with hinges or a simple

wire, serves as a door. Clean, fresh water should be provided at all times.

Preparation and Cleaning pens

Clean drinking water was given thrice a day to ensure freshness for the whole duration of

the study. Proper sanitation and cleanliness were observed, and daily removal of dung was

followed to rid of flies and foul odor.

Feeds and Feeding

Feeding time for Japanese quail every 6:30 in the morning and 3:30 in the afternoon .T0-

100% commercial feeds, T1 quails fed with .5% turmeric powder, T2 quails fed with 1.5 %

turmeric powder while Treatment 3 quails fed with 3 % turmeric powder.

Lighting

Japanese quail require 14–18 hours of light per day at 6:00 p. m – 8 a. m to maintain

maximum egg production and fertility. This means that supplementary lighting must be provided

during the rainy and cold months to maintain production.

LITERATURE CITED
E, Ampode KM (2021). Turmeric powder: potential alternative to antibiotics in broiler chicken
diets. J. Anim. Health Prod. 9(3): 243-253. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?
abstract_id=
Nova and Yellita (2015) Effect of tumeric powder (Curcuma domestica val) in feed, on the
blood of local duck. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309584788.
Nuraini , Mirzah and Ade Djulardi, (2019). Effect of Turmeric (Curcuma domestica, Val)
Extract as a Feed Additive on Performance and Egg Quality of Quail. International
Journal of Poultry Science, 18: 88-92.https://scialert.net/fulltextmobile/?
doi=ijps.2019.88.92
Saraswati, T. R., & Tana, S. (2016). Effect of Turmeric Powder Supplementation To The Age
of Sexual Maturity, Physical, and Chemical Quality of The First Japanese Quail’s
(Coturnix japonica) Egg. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education , 8(1),
18-24.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
341950206_Dried_Cassava_Residue_in_Laying_Quail_Feeding
Santana, Thailine, Lopes, Claudia, Oliveira Júnior, Gregório, Santos, Luziane, Santana,

Camilla, Souza, Douglas. 2019/02/11-42963. The use of cinnamon powder in the diet of

Japanese laying quail 41 10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.42963- Acta Scientiarum. Animal

Sciences