Republic of the Philippines

Tarlac State University

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
CENTER OF DEVELOPMENT
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
Tel. No. (045) 493-0182; Fax No. (045) 982-0110
Re-Accredited Level IV by the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the
Philippines (AACCUP), Inc.
______________________________________________________________________________

MODULE IN EL 109

SURVEY OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

PERIOD OF SELF DISCOVERY

AND GROWTH
SUBMITTED BY:

BSED ENGLISH 2-1

GROUP 6
SORIANO, ADRIAN BRUCE

CAPUL, VICKY D.

LACANLALE, CLARISSA

SAN DIEGO, KLEIN EZEKIEL

DE GUZMAN, NICOLE ANNE

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. CRISELDA MADRIAGA

1
TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUD…………………………………………. 3
II. FAMOUS AUTHORS
a. Luis Dato………………………………………………………………. 5
b. Marcelo De Gracia Concepcion……………………………………… 7
c. Aurelio S. Alvero……………………………………………………… 11
d. Luis Dato…………………………………………………………….... 13
e. Rafael Zulueta da Costa……………………………………………... 15
f. Aurelio S. Alvero……………………………………………………… 18
III. REFERENCE…………………………………………………………… 21

2
 I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

After accomplishing this self-learning module, the student should be capable of:

1. Identify literary authors and representative texts from each region;

2. Read and understand some of their selected literary work pieces;

3. Realize the significance of literature in one’s life;

4. Appreciate the literature in the Philippines during the period of self discovery and growth.

II. CONTENT

Slide 1: Soriano, Adrian Bruce

During the period of self discovery and growth, Filipino writers had acquired the mastery
of English writing. They wrote confidently and competently on various subjects. In line with that,
they went into all forms of writing such as novel and drama.

Slide 2: Soriano, Adrian Bruce

They turned out not only love poems but patriotic, religious, descriptive and reflective
poems as well. They wrote in free verse, in odes and sonnets and in other types. Poetry was
original, spontaneous, competently written and later, incorporated social consciousness.

3
Slide 3: Soriano, Adrian Bruce

Short stories flourished during this time along with poetry due to the help of publications
like the Philippine Free Press, The Graphic, The Philippine Magazine, and college publications
like the UP Literary Apprentice.

Slide 4: Soriano, Adrian Bruce

Essays during this period improved with the years in quality and quantity, in content,
subject and style. Essayists like Carlos P. Romulo became even more eminent editorial writers.

Slide 5: Soriano, Adrian Bruce

He was the most famous biographer of the period. He also wrote "Quezon, the Man of
Destiny".

4
Slide 6: Soriano, Adrian Bruce

Compared to novel or short story, drama did not become as successful as these two. As an
incentive, the UP introduced playwriting as a course and built the UP Little Theater.

Slide 7: Soriano, Adrian Bruce

Luis G. Dato, or ISAROG—his pseudonym—was a poet, educator, journalist, and a

politician. His parents were Eugenio Dato y Espalana and Barbara Gevara y Imperial. His works
were anthologized in several published books, such as the Filipino Poetry in 1924, by Rodolfo
Dato—his brother.

Dato earned his degree in liberal arts in 1928 and continued studying law until 1933 at UP
Manila. He then completed his law degree at the University of Nueva Caceres in 1951, and between
1971 and 1972, he studied for a master's degree in education at the University of Saint Anthony.

5
Slide 8: Soriano, Adrian Bruce

Dato was a profesor of English. He taught at St. Anthony College from 1947–1951, at Naga
College from 1953–1954, then at the University of Nueva Caceres from 1955–1967, then back at
St. Anthony College from 1967–1978.

Dato was also a politician and served as the Mayor of his hometown of Baao from 1941–
1947.

Slide 9: Soriano, Adrian Bruce

With regard to his contributions to Philippine literature, Dato was one of the first Filipino
authors to write and publish in English. When he was twenty, he published "Manila: A Collection
of Verse" in 1926, and then later got his second poetry collection, "My Book of Verses", edited
and published by Rodolfo Dato in 1936. In 1934, he provided an English translation of Jose Rizal's
"Mi Ultimo Adios", which he titled "Mi Ultimo Pensamiento".

His unpublished manuscript of more than 200 poems, "The Instant Lyre", written between
the 1920s and the 1970s was digitally published in 2019.

6
Slide 10: Soriano, Adrian Bruce

This book is a collection of his poems—mostly sonnets—about his own experiences

throughout the early years of his life. The book is composed of 46 pages. Moreover, Luis Dato
claimed that he had written more than 500 poems, approximately 200 of which were sonnets. He
preferred writing his poem in rhyme and meter.

Slide 11: Soriano, Adrian Bruce

Here are the recognitions he received in his time. In addition to publishing poetry, Dato
contributed numerous articles to newspapers and magazines during his career.

Slide 12: Capul, Vicky D.

• Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion is a Filipino writer, poet, and academic. Born in the
province of Cavite in the Philippine in 1946, he obtained his bachelor’s degree in the
literature from the University of the Philippines Diliman. Concepcion then went on to
obtain a Master of Arts in English and a PhD in comparative literature from the University
of Wisconsin-Madison in the United States.

7
 • In 1931, Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion was listed as an editor on the staff of the Three
Stars.
• Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion became the first Filipino poet to have his English written
poem collection published into a book of poetry in New York, U.S.A. on 1925 by G.P.
Putnam’s Sons, and that is for the book entitled Azucena, which was named after a lily
found in the Philippines.
• In 1932, he published another collection of poems in Bamboo Flute. At that time of his
death, he was doing a minor role in a Hollywood movie.

Slide 13: Capul, Vicky D.

• "Bamboo Flute" by Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion is a collection of poems written in

Tagalog, the Filipino language. The title of the book refers to the bamboo, a common
material used for making flutes in Filipino culture, as well as a symbol of the strength and
resilience of the Filipino people.
• In "Bamboo Flute," Concepcion examines the complexities of Filipino identity and history,
exploring themes of colonialism, poverty, discrimination, and hope. His poems are
characterized by their poetic and emotional language, as well as their use of metaphor and
cultural references to capture the rich cultural tradition of the Philippines.
• Through his poetry, Concepcion seeks to celebrate the resilience and strength of the
Filipino people, as well as to critically examine the impact of colonialism and globalization
on Filipino identity. His work also speaks to the ongoing struggle for social and economic
justice in the Philippines, and offers a glimpse into the challenges and triumphs of
contemporary Filipino life.
• "Bamboo Flute" has been widely acclaimed for its poetic and emotional depth, as well as
for its ability to capture the essence of Filipino life and experience. The book has been
nominated for the Palanca Award, one of the most prestigious literary awards in the
Philippines, and has been widely read and studied in the Philippines and other parts of the
world.
• Overall, "Bamboo Flute" offers a powerful and insightful meditation on the complex and
rich cultural history of the Philippines, as well as a tribute to the resilience and dignity of

8
 the Filipino people. Through his poetry, Concepcion captures the essence of what it means
to be Filipino in the modern world.

Slide 14: Capul, Vicky D.

The bamboo flute is characterized by several distinct features that set it apart from other
musical instruments. Here are some of the most striking and distinctive characteristics of the
bamboo flute:

1. Sound Production: The sound produced by the bamboo flute is delicate and beautiful, with a
range of at least two octaves. The sound is produced by blowing across the openings of the holes
in the flute, creating vibrations that resonate inside the bamboo tube. This creates a warm and
mellow sound that is distinctive and unique to the bamboo flute.

2. Material: The bamboo flute is made from a single piece of bamboo, carefully crafted and
polished to produce a smooth and even tone. The material is light and durable, making the flute
easy to transport and store.

3. Culture and Heritage: The bamboo flute has a long and rich history in Philippine culture, and
is associated with several traditional dances, ceremonies, and rituals. It has been used in pre-
colonial times as a ritualistic instrument, and in more recent times as an expression of love and
yearning in poetry and song. The flute is deeply connected to the cultural heritage of the
Philippines and continues to be an important symbol of the country's identity and traditions.

4. Innovation and Adaptability: The bamboo flute is an innovative musical instrument, with a
range of at least two octaves and a delicate and beautiful sound. Its construction and design make
it highly adaptable and flexible, allowing it to be used in a variety of musical contexts and styles.
The bamboo flute is a testimony to the resourcefulness and creativity of the Filipino people in
using natural materials to create a powerful and distinctive musical instrument.

5. Ritualistic and Healing: The bamboo flute is not only a musical instrument, but also has
ritualistic and healing properties. It has been used in various ceremonies and rituals, and is
considered to have healing qualities that can promote relaxation and well-being. The flute is often
used in traditional dances or ceremonies to accompany healing practices or to invoke the spirits of

9
the ancestors. The bamboo flute is a powerful and versatile cultural artifact that plays a significant
role in Philippine society and culture.

Slide 15: Capul, Vicky D.

• "Bamboo Flute" by Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion is a significant work of Filipino

literature for several reasons.
• Firstly, "Bamboo Flute" is considered a seminal work of Filipino poetry, representing a
critical moment in the development of contemporary Filipino literature. Concepcion's use
of Tagalog, the Filipino language, as the primary language of his poetry is significant, as it
helps to assert the value and importance of Tagalog in Philippine literary culture. His use
of metaphor and symbol, coupled with his poetic and emotional language, allows him to
capture the essence of Filipino experience and identity in a powerful and evocative way.
• Secondly, "Bamboo Flute" is an important work for its contribution to the ongoing struggle
for social and economic justice in the Philippines. Concepcion's poetry is deeply rooted in
the experience of ordinary people, and his work celebrates the resilience and dignity of the
Filipino people in the face of ongoing challenges and hardships. Through his writing,
Concepcion offers a powerful critique of colonialism, discrimination, and poverty, and
speaks to the need for social and economic change in the Philippines.
• Finally, "Bamboo Flute" is a significant work for its impact on Filipino literature and
culture. The book has been widely read and studied in the Philippines and other parts of
the world, and has been nominated for the Palanca Award, one of the most prestigious
literary awards in the Philippines. Through his poetry, Concepcion has helped to establish
and deepen the tradition of Filipino literature, offering a nuanced, insightful, and
emotionally powerful take on the Filipino experience.
• Overall, "Bamboo Flute" is a significant and important work of Filipino literature,
representing a critical moment in the development of contemporary Filipino poetry. The
book is an important contribution to the ongoing struggle for social and economic justice
in the Philippines, and offers a powerful and evocative take on the Filipino experience and
identity in a rich and poetic language. Through his poetry, Concepcion has helped to
deepen and enrich the tradition of Filipino literature, providing a valuable and meaningful

10
 insight into the complexities and riches of Filipino life. His work continues to inspire and
delight readers around the world.

Slide 16: San Diego, Klein Ezekiel

• Aurelio Alvero, also known as Aurelio S. Alvero, was a Filipino writer, poet, and educator.
He was born on February 28, 1913, in Tondo, Manila, Philippines. Alvero is best known
for his contributions to Philippine literature, particularly in the field of poetry.
• Alvero received his education at the University of the Philippines, where he obtained his
bachelor's degree in Education and a master's degree in English. He later pursued his
doctoral studies at Stanford University in the United States.
• Throughout his career, Alvero held various positions in academia, including serving as a
professor at the University of the Philippines, where he taught English and Filipino
literature. He was also a founding member of the Philippine Writers' Association and
served as the editor of several literary publications.
• As a poet, Alvero's works often focused on themes of nationalism, love, and social justice.
His poetry showcased his deep understanding and appreciation of the Filipino language
and culture. Some of his notable works include "Ang Paghuhukom" (The Judgment) and
"Ang Tulang Pambansa" (The National Poem).
• Aurelio Alvero's contributions to Philippine literature have earned him recognition and
accolades. He received numerous awards, including the Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan
Award from the City of Manila and the Tanging Parangal from the Surian ng Wikang
Pambansa (National Language Institute).
• Aurelio Alvero's writings continue to inspire and resonate with readers, reflecting his
enduring legacy in Philippine literature.

11
Slide 17: San Diego, Klein Ezekiel

• "Moon of Shadow on the Water" is a poem by Aurelio Alvero that captures the serene
beauty of a moonlit night reflected on the water's surface. The poem describes the moon as
a silent witness of the night, casting a gentle light that illuminates the surroundings.
• Alvero uses vivid imagery to paint a picture of the tranquil scene, with the moon's reflection
creating ripples on the water like secrets carried on the wind. The poem evokes a sense of
peace and stillness, contrasting the busyness of everyday life with the calmness of the night.
• Through his words, Alvero conveys a sense of awe and reverence for the natural world,
highlighting the beauty and tranquility that can be found in moments of quiet
contemplation. "Moon of Shadow on the Water" serves as a reminder to appreciate the
simple yet profound beauty that surrounds us, inviting readers to pause and reflect on the
wonders of the natural world.

Slide 18: San Diego, Klein Ezekiel

The reflection of the moon's shadow on the water in Aurelio Alvero's poem "Moon of
Shadow on the Water" serves as a central motif that symbolizes beauty, tranquility, and the
interconnectedness of nature. By exploring this reflection, we can uncover deeper layers of
meaning in the poem.

1. Symbol of Beauty: The moon's reflection on the water is portrayed as a source of beauty and
wonder in the poem. The gentle light of the moon creates a serene and picturesque scene,
enhancing the natural beauty of the surroundings. This reflection symbolizes the aesthetic appeal
and harmony of the natural world, inviting readers to appreciate the simple yet profound beauty
that can be found in nature.

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2. Representation of Tranquility: The moon's shadow on the water conveys a sense of peace and
tranquility in the poem. The stillness of the water and the soft light of the moon create a calm and
serene atmosphere, offering a moment of respite from the hustle and bustle of everyday life. This
reflection symbolizes a sense of inner peace and harmony, encouraging readers to find solace in
moments of quiet contemplation.

3. Interconnectedness of Nature: The reflection of the moon on the water highlights the
interconnectedness of nature and the harmonious relationship between elements in the natural
world. The moon's light is mirrored on the water's surface, creating a symbiotic relationship
between the two. This reflection symbolizes the interconnectedness of all living beings and the
unity of the natural world, emphasizing the importance of preserving and respecting the balance
of nature.

Overall, the reflection of the moon's shadow on the water in Aurelio Alvero's poem serves as a
powerful symbol that conveys themes of beauty, tranquility, and interconnectedness in the natural
world. Through this reflection, Alvero invites readers to appreciate the beauty of nature, find peace
in moments of stillness, and reflect on the profound interconnectedness of all living beings.

Slide 19: Lacanlale, Clarissa G.

When the Americans colonized the Philippines, they introduced a new system of governance,
education, traditions, and most importantly, a new language. Filipino artists, essayists and poets
were able to capture the English language into their craft. One of the few first poets who made use
of the language was Luis G. Dato from Baao, Camarines Sur.

Slide 20: Lacanlale, Clarissa G.

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 Luis Dato was born in Baao, Camarines Sur, Philippines on July 4, 1906 and died on
January 29, 1985. He was a Filipino poet, writer, educator and politician from Baao, Camarines
Sur. It is one of the first Filipino to write in English during the 20th century. He became the
municipal mayor of Baso, Camarines Sur, from 1941 to 1947. His parents were Eugenio Dato y
Esplana and Barbara Guevarra y Imperial.

He was a gifted artist,- he could write as fast as his mind worked. According to his biography,
published under the Ateneo de Naga University Press, it was not unusual for him to write a poem
under fifteen minutes. He was also able to write half a dozen sonnets within thirty minutes

Slide 21: Lacanlale, Clarissa G

• He was one of the first Filipinos to write and publish works in English. Among his poems
are "The Spouse", "Day on the Farm" and "Among the Hills"
• In 1927, his "Mi Ultimo Pensamiento" was the first good English translation, in rhymes,
of José Rizal's "Mi último adiós".
• In 1933, He was the first editor of the Bicol Star from 1934. He was the editor of Tingog
nin Banwaan and was affiliated with other press outfits in Naga City like Bicolandia, Juan
dela Cruz, Bicol Examiner, Naga Times and Balalong
• In 1975, He wrote the epic The Land of Mai. It is written in a blank verse form numbering
nearly 400 pages of typewritten manuscript. It narrates the detailed history of the
Philippines up to the Marcos' era.

Slide 22: Lacanlale, Clarissa G.

14
 “My Book of Verses” by Luis Dato is a collection of poetry that covers a variety of themes
and subjects including love, nature and human experiences. It consists of 78 pages and is written
in the English language. It is the second poetry book of Luis G. Dato published originally by his
brother, Rodolfo G. Dato in 1936. The book was launched and was printed by N. S. Sanchez in
Naga City. The book is re-published by one of Luis G. Dato's grandchildren, Stephen Cenon Dato
Talla in 2021.

Slide 23: Lacanlale, Clarissa G.

Luis Dato was first, a lover His 200 sonnet compilation dedicated to his kayumanggi Muse,
Sonnets to the Brown Goddess, attests to the creativity of a soul in love. He took inspiration from
his personal experiences in life particularly in matters related to the love of his life. He said his
loves gave him inspiration to compose. In his youth and even well into his olden years, he fell for
countless women and drew inspiration from them. He wrote several books, newspaper and
magazines in his native tongue, Bicol.

Slide 24: Lacanlale, Clarissa G.

Provided here are some examples of notables works of Luis Dato

Slide 25: De Guzman, Nicole Anne L.

15
 He was born in Paco Metro, Manila on September 27,1915. He uses the
name R. Zulueta da Costa as writer, and Rafael Zulueta as a businessman. He was
graduated of De La Salle College (now university) where he specialized in Business
Administration. He began writing poems in Spanish due to his early exposure to
the language, which was prevalent in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial
era and wrote in English as the Philippine transitioned to American colonization,
English became more widely spoken and understood and to reach a large audience
and for greater impact.

Slide 26: De Guzman, Nicole Anne L

“Like The Molave” reflects da costa’s exploration of Filipino identity and the need for
unity in the face of adversity. “Literature and society” where he discussed the role of literature
in shaping society and advocating for social change. “Poetry and politics” which explores the
intersection of art and activism. Lastly, “Mir-I-Nisa” which delves into the complexities if love,
identity, and cultural heritage. “Pamulinawen” it is a traditional Ilocano love song that expresses
longing and affection. “Sa Kabukiran” is a lyrical piece that celebrates the beauty and serenity
of the countryside.

Slide 27: De Guzman, Nicole Anne L.

“Like the Molave” won the commonwealth Literary Award for Poetry
because of its exceptional literary qualities and its powerful portrayal of the Filipino
spirit. The poem resonated with the judges and readers alike, as it beautifully
captured the struggles and aspirations of the Filipino people during a time of

16
colonialism and oppression. Its vivid imaginary, powerful symbolism, and strong
use of language made it stand out among other poetry entries.

Slide 28: De Guzman, Nicole Anne L.

The main interpretation of the Filipino poem “Like the Molave” is one regarding how the
people of the Philippines must work to make the nation stronger. The poem state that a region of
the Philippines- Rizal- cannot yet rest, as there is still much work to be done to make the area
successful. The beginning of the poem, the poet outlines how the Philippines is dependent on other
nations and must work towards becoming independent in the future to support its citizens. It also
highlights the importance of the younger generations, and how they must fight for their country
and improve the Filipino way of living. The poet believes this will grant the nation freedom.

Slide 29: De Guzman, Nicole Anne L.

Symbolism: The molave tree, for example, represent the strength and the resilience of the Filipino
people. It serves as a powerful symbol of national identity and the ability to withstand hardship.

Imagery: painting a visual picture in the reader’s mind. Using descriptive language, it brings to
life the landscape, struggles, and the aspirations of the Filipino people.

Nationalistic Theme: explores theme of national pride, cultural heritage, and the fight for
freedom. It reflects the poets deep love and concern for the Philippines and its people, emphasizing
the importance of unity and collective action in the face of adversity.

17
Slide 30: De Guzman, Nicole Anne L.

Cultural Identity: emphasize the importance of preserving and honoring one’s culture heritage.
Highlights the needs for Filipino to embrace their native roots and traditions.

Nationalism and Patriotism: promotes love for the Philippines and a sense of national pride. It
encourages Filipino to unite and fight for their country’s freedom and progress.

Resilience and Perseverance: conveys the idea of enduring hardship and challenges. It reflects
the Filipino spirit to remain unyielding.

Slide 31: Capul, Vicky D.

• Aurelio Alvero, also known as Aurelio S. Alvero, was a Filipino writer, poet, and educator.
He was born on February 28, 1913, in Tondo, Manila, Philippines. Alvero is best known
for his contributions to Philippine literature, particularly in the field of poetry.
• Alvero received his education at the University of the Philippines, where he obtained his
bachelor's degree in Education and a master's degree in English. He later pursued his
doctoral studies at Stanford University in the United States.
• Throughout his career, Alvero held various positions in academia, including serving as a
professor at the University of the Philippines, where he taught English and Filipino
literature. He was also a founding member of the Philippine Writers' Association and
served as the editor of several literary publications.
• As a poet, Alvero's works often focused on themes of nationalism, love, and social justice.
His poetry showcased his deep understanding and appreciation of the Filipino language
and culture. Some of his notable works include "Ang Paghuhukom" (The Judgment) and
"Ang Tulang Pambansa" (The National Poem).

18
 • Aurelio Alvero's contributions to Philippine literature have earned him recognition and
accolades. He received numerous awards, including the Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan
Award from the City of Manila and the Tanging Parangal from the Surian ng Wikang
Pambansa (National Language Institute).
• Aurelio Alvero's writings continue to inspire and resonate with readers, reflecting his
enduring legacy in Philippine literature.

Slide 32: San Diego, Klein Ezekiel

• "Nuances" by Aurelio Alvero is a collection of short stories published in 2018. The book
explores themes of family, love, identity, and social issues in the Philippines, and tells the
stories of ordinary people navigating the complexities of life.
• Alvero's writing is noted for its honesty, vulnerability, and emotional depth. In "Nuances,"
he explores the struggles and longings of the human heart, as well as the ways in which we
are shaped and defined by our social and cultural contexts.
• Through his characters, Alvero shows the various nuances of human experience, from the
joy and pain of love to the challenges of family relationships to the impact of social and
historical events on individuals and communities. His writing also challenges traditional
notions of what it means to be Filipino and offers a fresh, insightful take on Filipino identity
and culture.
• Alvero's work has been widely praised for its literary sophistication and emotional impact,
and "Nuances" has been critically acclaimed for its ability to capture the essence of the
human experience and the complexity of contemporary life in the Philippines.
• Overall, "Nuances" is a powerful and thought-provoking meditation on the human
experience, offering a nuanced and compassionate take on the struggles and joys of
everyday life.

Slide 33: San Diego, Klein Ezekiel

19
 • "Nuances" by Aurelio Alvero is a significant work of Filipino literature for several reasons.
• Firstly, the book is an important contribution to the ongoing development of Filipino
literature in English. Alvero is one of the most respected and influential Filipino writers
who writes in English, and "Nuances" is a powerful expression of his innovative, nuanced,
and emotive literary style. The book offers a fresh and insightful take on contemporary
Philippine society and culture, exploring themes such as family, love, identity, history, and
social issues in a rich and engaging way.
• Secondly, "Nuances" is significant for its exploration of identity and belonging in the wake
of colonial and globalizing processes. Alvero's writing is deeply rooted in the Filipino
experience, and in "Nuances," he offers a nuanced and emotional examination of the ways
in which individuals and communities define themselves in the face of ongoing social and
historical challenges. The book speaks to the ongoing struggle for identity and belonging
in the Philippines and beyond, and offers a valuable and meaningful insight to readers
seeking to understand the complexities of contemporary life in the Philippines.
• Finally, "Nuances" is a significant work for its impact on Filipino literature and culture.
The book has been widely read and studied in the Philippines and other parts of the world,
and has been critically acclaimed for its literary and emotional depth. Alvero's work has
helped to establish and deepen the tradition of Filipino writing in English, providing a
powerful and eloquent voice to readers seeking to understand the complexities of
contemporary Philippine life. Through his writing, Alvero has helped to enrich the tradition
of Filipino literature, offering a fresh, insightful, and deeply engaging take on
contemporary Philippine society and culture. His work continues to inspire and delight
readers around the world.

Overall, "Nuances" is a significant and important work of Filipino literature, representing a

critical moment in the development of contemporary Filipino literature in English. The

20
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critical edition. De La Salle University Press

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