EXPERIMENT: 01-A

OBJECTIVE: To perform MATLAB Simulation on Single-Phase AC-DC Converter

fed DC Drive using AC-DC Rectifier (Uncontrolled).

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Ammeter, Voltmeter, Single phase autotransformer

(AC Source), Diode Bridge Rectifier, Stopwatch, Separately Excited DC Motor ( Field
Excitation(Vf) = 300V, Voltage rating = 240V, Power rating = 5HP, Speed = 1750rpm,
Load Torque(TL=21Nm),DC Generator ( Field Excitation(Vf) = 300V, Armature
Resistance(Ra) = 100Ω, Voltage rating = 240V, Power rating = 5HP, Speed =
1750rpm, Load Torque(TL=21Nm), Bulky Capacitor (2500 µF), Bus separator and
Scope.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
Single-Phase AC-DC Rectifier (Uncontrolled) Converter:

Rectifier: The rectifier is a circuit that converts alternating current (AC) to direct
current (DC). In the uncontrolled rectifier, the switching devices (typically diodes)
conduct without any control input, and the rectification process is not regulated.
This results in a pulsating DC waveform.

Converter: In the context of AC-DC conversion, the converter is the combination of

the rectifier and associated circuitry. Uncontrolled converters are simple but
provide a fixed output voltage, and their operation is determined by the input
waveform.

DC Motor: The DC drive system includes a DC motor as the output load. DC

motors are widely used in various applications due to their simplicity, controllability,
and favorable torque-speed characteristics.

Power Electronic Converter: The uncontrolled rectifier serves as the power

electronic converter, providing DC power to the DC motor. The pulsating DC
output is suitable for driving DC motors.

Rectification: The uncontrolled rectifier converts the incoming single-phase AC

power to pulsating DC. This rectification process involves the diodes conducting
during positive half-cycles of the AC waveform, allowing current to flow to the load.

DC Motor Drive: The pulsating DC is then supplied to the DC motor in the drive
system. The motor responds to the varying DC voltage, resulting in rotation
proportional to the applied voltage.

Characteristics: Uncontrolled rectifiers provide a fixed DC voltage with a high level

of ripple due to the pulsating nature of the rectified waveform. This can impact the
performance and efficiency of the DC motor.

Advantages:

a) Simplicity: Uncontrolled rectifiers are simple in design and cost effective.

b) Suitability for Certain Applications: In applications where precise control of
DC motor speed is not critical, uncontrolled rectifiers may be suitable.
 Limitations:

a) Limited Control: Uncontrolled rectifiers lack the ability to control the output
voltage, making them less suitable for applications requiring precise speed
control of the DC motor.
b) High Ripple: The pulsating DC output results in high ripple content,
impacting the smoothness of motor operation.

SIMULATION:
OBSERVATIONS:

GENERATOR OUTPUT WITH CAPACITOR:

MOTOR OUTPUT WITH CAPACITOR:

RECTIFIER OUTPUT WITH CAPACITOR:

MOTOR OUTPUT WITHOUT CAPACITOR:

GENERATOR OUTPUT WITHOUT CAPACITOR:

RECTIFIER OUTPUT WITHOUT CAPACITOR:

CONCLUSION:
During the MATLAB simulation of a Single-Phase AC-DC Converter fed DC Drive
employing an AC-DC rectifier (Uncontrolled), distinct variations in motor output
become evident when comparing scenarios with and without a filter circuit and bulky
capacitor. Notably, the absence of such components leads to distorted input current
and subsequent torque generation in the motor. Although the motor's speed appears
unaffected due to its inertia, the distorted current and torque characteristics result in
increased power consumption and losses on the motor side. This experimental
observation underscores the significance of filter circuits and capacitors in mitigating
power inefficiencies and optimizing motor performance in AC-DC drive systems.