GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Chandkheda, Ahmedabad

L.D. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

“Exoskeleton ”

Prepared As a part of subject:-

DESIGN ENGINEERING (3130008)
B.E. Semester-3
(Robotics and Automation)
Academic Year (2023-24)

Submitted By
Sr. Name Enroll No.

1. ANSH PATEL (Leader) 230283141015

2. VRAJ D. SHAH 230283141024
3. DHAIRYAK A. PATEL 230283141017
4. KANGAN J. DAVE 230283141008

Prof. Mayur Makwana

(Faculty Guide)

Prof.
(HOD)
 CONTENTS

Title Page no.

 Certificate 03
 Acknowledgement 04
 Introduction 05
 AEIOU Canvas 07
 Empathy Canvas 10
 Ideation Canvas 14
 Product Development Canvas 18
 Mind Map 21
 Conclusion 22
 Bibliography 23
 L.D. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION DEPARTMENT
2023

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the study entitled “Exoskeleton” has been carried out By
Vraj Shah (230283141024), Dhairyak Patel (230283141017), Ansh Patel
(230283141015), Kangan Dave (230283141008), and under the Guidance of
Prof. Mayur Makwana.

For partial successful completion of Design Engineering (3130008) of

Semester-3 Bachelor of Engineering in Robotics and Automation
Engineering to be awarded by Gujarat Technological University.

Date :

(Faculty Guide) (HOD)

Prof. Mayur Makwana Dr. V.B. Patel

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are excited to present our project report, titled 'Exoskeleton Project.' This
report represents our work during the fourth semester of our Bachelor of
Engineering program in Robotics and Automation Engineering at L.D. College of
Engineering.
We are grateful to Prof. V.B.Patel , Head of the Robotics and Automation
Engineering department, for her inspiration and permission to pursue this project.
Our heartfelt thanks to Prof. Mayur Makwana, our project guide, for her
valuable guidance and continuous support.
We appreciate the opportunity provided by L.D College of Engineering to
showcase our innovative project, which merges cutting-edge exoskeleton
technology with community engagement. This project reflects our commitment to
pushing the boundaries of human augmentation and creating a positive societal
impact.
 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

EXOSKELETON

Introduction
 In recent years, the intersection of robotics, engineering, and biology has given rise to a
groundbreaking field that holds the promise of transforming human capabilities: Exoskeleton
technology. Often reminiscent of futuristic sci-fi movies, exoskeletons are wearable robotic
devices designed to augment, enhance, and support the physical abilities of the human body.
Inspired by nature and engineered through cutting-edge innovation, these exoskeletons blur the
line between man and machine, offering unprecedented opportunities for enhancing human
potential in various domains.

 At its core, an exoskeleton is a mechanical framework worn externally, enveloping the user's
body and amplifying their strength, endurance, and overall mobility. Whether in the realm of
healthcare, military, industrial sectors, or sports, exoskeletons are revolutionizing how humans
interact with their environment. Designed to assist individuals with mobility impairments,
empower soldiers on the battlefield, reduce fatigue and injuries for industrial workers, or even
enhance athletic performance, exoskeletons represent a transformative leap in the evolution of
human-machine symbiosis.

 This innovative technology has emerged as a beacon of hope for individuals facing physical
limitations, offering newfound independence and mobility. Moreover, it has captivated the
imaginations of researchers, engineers, and futurists alike, driving continuous advancements
and pushing the boundaries of what was once deemed impossible.

 This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricacies of exoskeleton technology,

unraveling its fascinating history, the underlying engineering marvels, the diverse applications
across industries, and the profound impact it continues to have on society. From the
biomechanics guiding its design to the ethical considerations shaping its deployment, this
journey through the world of exoskeletons promises to enlighten, inspire, and captivate,
shedding light on a future where human potential knows no bounds. Join us as we embark on a
compelling odyssey through the realm of exoskeleton technology, where the fusion of man and
machine opens doors to unprecedented possibilities.
Problem Statement
 In the realm of exoskeleton technology, participants often find themselves scattered across
various communication platforms, from online services to physical forms. This fragmented
approach hampers the seamless interaction and updates crucial for any exoskeleton project.

 Moreover, existing systems lack integration, especially for non-technical events, forcing
participants to navigate through disjointed channels for information and interaction.

 Our goal is to unify these disparate elements into a single, user-friendly platform. By
integrating technical and non-technical events, providing seamless communication, and
fostering community engagement, we aim to revolutionize the way participants experience and
engage with exoskeleton projects.

Limitations of Existing Systems

Issues with Traditional Registration Methods

 The traditional physical registration process proves inconvenient and cumbersome for
participants.

 Manual entry of participant data into spreadsheets is time-consuming and prone to errors.

Challenges in Providing Updates

 Coordinators struggle to disseminate timely updates, relying on disparate messaging platforms.

Lack of Integrated Community Features

 Participants are forced to join multiple, unconnected communication channels, hindering
seamless interactions with peers.
Our Mission
Streamlining Registration
 We aspire to eradicate paperwork by digitizing the entire registration process within our
application.

Facilitating Seamless Interactions

 Our platform will offer an integrated community feature, allowing participants to engage directly
with fellow participants, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange.

Effortless Access to Updates

 Participants will effortlessly receive project updates through our built-in notification system,
ensuring they are always informed.

Simplified Moderation
 By providing these features, moderation and management of the exoskeleton project will become
streamlined, enhancing the overall project experience for everyone involved.
 CHAPTER 2 : AEIOU Canvas

- AEIOU canvas is used to identify the problems in existing system.

- This comprises of five elements:
1. Activities: The general observation or activities done in the domain.
2. Environment: The activities done in a specific surrounding is called environment.
3. Interaction: All type of interaction performed to get the job done.
4. Object: All the props, tools or objects used to get the job done.
5. Users: All the individuals that took part in the process are users.
 Activity :
o It is a section in which goals-directed towards things which are people doing.
o It describes the set of activities and processes are done in the existing system.
- Walking and Mobility
- Stair Climbing
- Standing Up and Sitting Down.
- Rehabilitation Exercises
- Performing Work Tasks
- Participating in Sports and Recreation
- Daily Living Activities
- Medical Rehabilitation and Therapy
- Education and Training
- Social Interaction

 Environment :
o In this section we describes in which environments or in which situations the activities
are done or in which environment the system is being used.
o Here, we describes in which environment the system is being used.
- Medical Rehabilitation Patients

- People with Mobility Impairments

- Elderly Individuals

- Military Personnel
 Interaction :
o These are between a person and someone or something else; they are the building
block of Activities.
o In Summary of INTERACTIONS, we describe interactions that how people
should interact with each other.
o Here are some interactions :
- User-Exoskeleton
- User-Caregiver/Technician
- User-Environment Interaction
- Sensory Feedback Interaction
- Control Interface Interaction
- Maintenance and Repair Interaction
- Healthcare Professional Interaction
- Emergency Interaction
- Collaborative Interaction
- Training and Education Interaction
- User-User Interaction

 Objects :
o These are between a person and someone or something else. They are the building
blocks of the environment of activities.
o In it we describe the objects that can be involved in the environment of application.
o Here we describe objects that is use in this environment for now.
- Exoskeleton Frame
- Motors and Actuators
- Sensors
- Control Unit
- Battery or Power Source

 Users :
o Users are the people whose behavior's, preferences, and needs are being observed.
o Here are users of the existing System :
- Military users
- Agricultural User
- Medical User
- Neurological User
- Industrial user
- Combat training
AEIOU SHEET SNAPSHOT

Fig. 2.1
 CHAPTER-3 : EMPATHY Canvas

- EMPATHY canvas is used to understand users needs, their emotions and in decision making
towards the topic or system.
- It consists of four elements:
Users: All the individuals that took part in the process are users.
Stakeholders: All the individuals that are indirect users of system.
Activities: The general observation or activities done in the domain.
Story Boarding: Customer feelings before and after the product development.

 Users :
o Users are the people whose behavior's, preferences, and needs are being observed.
o In Summary of USERS, we describe the users of our system.
- Military users
- Agricultural User
- Medical User
- Neurological User
- Industrial user
- Combat training

 Stake Holders:
o Stakeholders are the people who are not directly use the system resource but uses system
indirectly.
o Here are some of stack holders of our system.
- Performance Enhance
- Scarch and Reoccur workers
- Military operatives
- Aqua marines
- Arcal Soldiers


 Activity:-
o These are goal-directed sets of action towards things people want to accomplish. What are
the modes people work in, and the specific activities and processes they go through?
o Here are some activities :
- Walking and Mobility
- Stair Climbing
- Standing Up and Sitting Down.
- Rehabilitation Exercises
- Performing Work Tasks
- Participating in Sports and Recreation
- Daily Living Activities
- Medical Rehabilitation and Therapy
- Education and Training
- Social Interaction

 Story Boarding
o Happy :
It contains happy moments of customer experience after using system.
- Corey Borner, who was Paralyzed in 2009 after suffering a spinal chord
injury during a high school football match, became a household name in
North Texaco for his hard fought Recovery, Twelve years after his
accident , Borner wore an exoskeleton that allowed him to walk across the
stage at his 2021 college graduation.
- Now, in exoskeleton suit , Borner is inspiring doctors as he uses the device
to give him a mechanical boost to exercise his muscles at Baylor Scott and
while sports therapy and Research in Frisco, Texas , according to NBC 5.
- “I give myself a pat on the back and the therapist will motivates me to keep
going on turf because this is where I got hurt playing football , so it makes
me go harder”. – Corey borner
o Sad:
- From domical health – prospective, several reports have demonstrated that
exoskeleton training is safe and likely to be used in different settings to
encourage our grade Rehabilitation.
- A recent study in Europe shows, out of 52 exoskeleton participants, three
dropped out following ankle, knee injuries and four Presented with grade II
pressure injuries but managed to continue the study.
- Personal communication indicated that fracture may at the diotal tibia or
calcaneus bone during exoskeleton walking.
EMPATHY CANVAS

Fig. 3.1
 CHAPTER 4 : IDEATION Canvas

- The ideation canvas serves as a valuable tool in the realm of exoskeleton

technology, aiding in the generation and evaluation of ideas for our
innovative project. It encompasses four key elements tailored to the
Exoskeleton Project's unique requirements:
1. Users (People):
Participants: Individuals engaging with the exoskeleton system.
Organizers: Those responsible for managing events and operations.
Moderators: Overseeing and facilitating interactions within the community.
Volunteers: Individuals contributing their time and effort to support the project.
2. Activities:
Event Organization: Planning and coordinating exoskeleton-related events.
Event Management: Efficiently managing various aspects of events.
Participant Engagement: Engaging participants in meaningful activities.
Communication: Sending and receiving updates, fostering community
interaction.
Event Scheduling: Scheduling and organizing event timelines.
Event Tracking: Monitoring event progress and outcomes.
Online Payment: Facilitating secure online payment for event fees.
Information Retrieval: Providing participants with event-related information.
3. Situations/Context/Locations:
Event Management Platforms: Utilizing platforms like Devfolio and
Hackerrank for event organization.
Community Communication: Leveraging communication tools such as
Telegram for community engagement.
Update Handling: Managing updates through platforms like Discord Server.
Participant Forms: Implementing digital forms for seamless event participation.
Resource Management: Utilizing physical addresses and digital tools for
resource coordination.
4. Solutions and Features (Props/Solutions):
Transition from Manual to Digital Forms: Replacing manual and physical
forms with user-friendly digital registration applications.
Digital Communities: Creating integrated community spaces within the
application for efficient communication and collaboration.
Automated Updates: Implementing automated updates within the application,
ensuring participants are promptly informed.
Streamlined Management: Introducing features for easy event management and
community interaction, addressing management challenges.
Online Fee Submission: Incorporating secure inbuilt mechanisms for online
event fee submissions, eliminating the need for cash transactions.
These components are fundamental to our Exoskeleton Project, ensuring a
seamless, engaging, and efficient experience for all participants, organizers,
moderators, and volunteers involved.
IDEATION CANVAS

Fig. 4.1
 CHAPTER 5 : Product Development Canvas

Exoskeleton Project Concept Overview:

- Purpose:
- Assist individuals with mobility challenges by providing a powered exoskeleton for
enhanced movement and support.

- People:
- Wearers (individuals using the exoskeleton).
- Developers/Engineers.
- Healthcare Professionals (if applicable).
- Maintenance Personnel.

- Product Experience:
- Improved mobility and independence.
- Comfortable and user-friendly design.
- Seamless integration with the wearer's movements.
- Enhanced support for daily activities.

- Product Functions:
- Assistive exoskeleton for mobility.
- Adaptive support for various activities.
- Integration of control systems for user-friendly operation.

- Product Features:
- Customizable fit for wearers.
- Intelligent sensors for precise movement coordination.
- Lightweight and durable materials for comfort.
- Battery management for extended usage.
- User-friendly control interface.

- Product Components:
 - Actuators and Motors.
- Sensors for movement feedback.
- Lightweight and durable materials.
- Battery and Power Management System.
- Control Software.

- Customer Revalidation:
- Improved mobility and independence.
- Positive impact on daily activities.

- Reject, Redesign, Retain:

- Retain.

### Additional Insights:

- The product aims to enhance mobility and independence for individuals with mobility
challenges.
- Components include advanced technologies such as sensors and actuators for precise
control.
- Customizability and user-friendly features are emphasized to ensure a comfortable and
seamless experience for wearers.
- The decision to "Retain" indicates that the exoskeleton has been positively received and
fulfills its intended purpose.

This adapted concept focuses on the specific needs and objectives of an exoskeleton
project, highlighting the assistive and mobility-enhancing aspects of the technology.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

Fig. 5.1
 CHAPTER 6 : Mind Map

- Mind mapping gives us the detailed information of how the project works with all
its participants, dependencies, and the objects used.

Fig. 6.1
 CHAPTER 7 : Learning Need Matrix

Certainly! Let's adapt the information for the development of an exoskeleton project:

1. Exoskeleton Development Process:

- Objective: To design and build the exoskeleton interface for optimal user experience.
- Key Activities: This involves the process of engineering and creating the physical and
control elements of the exoskeleton to ensure efficient and user-friendly interaction.

2. Exoskeleton Standard and Design Specification:

- Criteria:
- Ease of Use: Ensuring the exoskeleton is user-friendly and easy to operate.
- Clear Control: Designing an intuitive control system for users to maneuver the
exoskeleton.
- Load Distribution: Structuring the exoskeleton to distribute loads effectively for user
comfort.
- Objective: Define standards and specifications for the exoskeleton's design and
usability.

3. Skills/Technology:
- Required Skills:
- Mechanical Engineering: Utilizing skills in mechanical design for the physical
components of the exoskeleton.
- Control Systems: Implementing control systems for effective user control and
interaction.
- Research and Development: Conducting research to address challenges and
incorporate innovations into the exoskeleton.
- Objective: Highlight the specific skills and technologies necessary for successful
exoskeleton development.
4. Component Requirements:
- Necessary Components:
- Actuators and Motors: Incorporating components for movement and control within
the exoskeleton.
- Sensors: Integrating sensors for feedback and precise control.
- Power Supply: Managing an efficient power supply system for sustained operation.
- Control Software: Developing software for controlling and managing the
exoskeleton's movements.
- Objective: Identify the essential components required for the exoskeleton's
functionality and user interaction.

In the context of an exoskeleton project, the adaptation maintains the focus on design and
technical considerations but tailors them to the specific requirements of developing an
exoskeleton for enhanced user experience and functionality.
Learning Need Matrix Canvas Snapshot
 CHAPTER 7: Conclusion

In conclusion, the Exoskeleton Project endeavors to elevate the overall experience and
efficiency of organizing and hosting events within the realm of human augmentation. By
integrating the capabilities of event management tools with a dedicated community
platform, our objective is to bridge existing gaps in the system.
The current challenges involve juggling multiple platforms for event organization and
updates, leading to a fragmented experience. Our mission is to amalgamate event
management and community engagement seamlessly within a singular platform. This
approach enables users to receive updates from the management team via community
interactions and simplifies the process of event registration and organization online,
ensuring utmost convenience for everyone involved.
Ultimately, the Exoskeleton Project strives to streamline the registration process, enhance
communication, and optimize event management, making it a seamless and effective
experience for all participants and organizers.
Abstract:

The advent of wearable robotics has paved the way for transformative advancements in
assisting individuals with mobility impairments. This paper introduces an innovative
exoskeleton project designed to enhance the mobility and independence of users facing
various mobility challenges. The exoskeleton incorporates state-of-the-art technologies,
including advanced actuators, intelligent sensors, and user-friendly control interfaces.
The abstract outlines the purpose, key features, and potential impact of the developed
exoskeleton.

Literature Review:

1. Exoskeleton Technology in Mobility Assistance:

This section explores existing literature on the use of exoskeletons in addressing

mobility impairments. Studies on the biomechanics of walking, user experience with
exoskeletons, and advancements in exoskeleton control systems are reviewed to provide
a comprehensive understanding of the current state of the field.

2. Human-Machine Interface and Control Systems:

Examining the literature on human-machine interfaces and control systems in

exoskeletons, this section delves into the integration of sensors, actuators, and feedback
mechanisms. Research on adaptive control algorithms and the effectiveness of different
control strategies is discussed to highlight key considerations in enhancing user
experience.

3. Materials and Design Innovations:

A review of materials used in exoskeleton design and construction is presented in this

section. The literature covers lightweight and durable materials, ergonomic design
principles, and advancements in exoskeleton structural elements to ensure comfort and
usability for the wearer.
Future Work:

The potential for future developments in exoskeleton technology is vast. This section
outlines possible avenues for further research and improvement:

1. Enhanced Sensor Integration:

Investigate the integration of advanced sensors for real-time environmental adaptation
and improved user-machine interaction.

2. Human-Centered Design:
Explore human-centered design principles to further optimize the exoskeleton's
comfort, fit, and overall user experience.

3. Artificial Intelligence Integration:

Assess the feasibility of incorporating artificial intelligence for predictive control,
allowing the exoskeleton to anticipate user movements and adjust accordingly.

4. Accessibility and Affordability:

Investigate strategies to enhance the accessibility and affordability of exoskeleton
technology, ensuring wider availability for individuals with diverse mobility needs.

References:

Include a comprehensive list of all the sources cited throughout the paper, following the
specified citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).

This structure provides a framework for presenting the key components of an exoskeleton
project, from the abstract that summarizes the project to the literature review, future
work, and references that contribute to the academic rigor of the research.