In the Name of Allah

Kurdistan Region Government- Iraq Subject: BIOLOGY

PREWAZARY EXAM (scientific 12th grade) Time: 3.5 hours
For the academic year (2022-2023)

Note: choose the correct answer: (2 marks for each right answer)

1) Hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds form

2) DNA polymerases fall off
3) Replication fork forms
4) Helicase enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two strands
5) DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to each of the original strands
1- The correct order of the DNA replication steps mentioned above is:-
A- 4, 5, 3, 2, 1 B- 5, 1, 4, 3, 2 C- 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 D- 4, 3, 5, 1, 2

2- Which of the following is correct about the cross shown in the adjacent Punnet square?
A- The phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1:2:1
B- The brown rabbit with genotype (bb) is an example of incomplete dominance
C- The genotype of individual number 1 is pure, and the genotype of individual number 2 is hybrid
D- All of them are correct

3- If the heart murmur occurs in the aortic valve:

A- Blood returns to right ventricle B- Blood returns to left ventricle
C- Systolic pressure decreases D- Both B and C are correct

4- If in a DNA double-strand of a plant, the percentage of adenine is equal to 34%, what would be the percentage of cytosine?
A- 34% B- 16% C- 50% D- 32%

5- Which of the following have a role in the pathways of the blood to pulmonary circulation (starting from the right lower chamber)?
A- Pulmonary arteries, right ventricle, mitral valve, pulmonary venules
B- Aorta, bicuspid valve, right ventricle, aortic valve
C- Pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary arteriole, right ventricle, pulmonary veins
D- Pulmonary valve, aortic valve, left ventricle, aorta

6- The difference between F1 generation and F2 generation in Mendel’s experiments with pea plants is that F2 generation:-
A- Produced both contrasting traits B- Comes from cross-pollination
C- The phenotypic ratio was 1:0 D- Both A+B

7- Which of the following is/are protein in structure?

A- Antibody B- Hemoglobin
C- Interferon D- All of them

8- Which of the following about the tissue in the adjacent figure is/are correct?
A- It is found in the lining of blood vessels in the form of a double layer
B- It lines the external surface and covers the internal surfaces
C- In the skin, it is found as sheets of dead cells
D- All of them are correct

9- If an individual’s phenotype shows the phenotypes of both parents (not blended) it belongs to the:-
A- Complete dominance B- Codominance C- Incomplete dominance D- All of them

10- Opportunistic infections:-

A- Include pneumocystis pneumonia and tuberculosis B- Can be used to diagnose AIDS
C- Include some types of cancer D- All of them are correct

11- Which type of T cell can kill cancer cells?

A- Cytotoxic –T cell B- Helper T cell C- Natural killer cell D- Both A + C

12- For an unknown blood type of a person, if we add antibody (A) agglutination occurs, this blood type could be:
A- Only A B- Both A and AB C- Both A and O D- Both AB and O

13- The difference between pathways of smell and taste is that in the taste pathways:-
A- Lasts in the cerebrum B- There is amygdala C- There is thalamus D- Both A+C are correct

14- Which one of the following is the pathogen for amebic dysentery?
A- Bacterium B- Fungus C- Protist D- Virus

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15- Which of the following is correct about the parts of the nucleotide shown in the adjacent figure?

1 2 3
A Deoxyribose sugar Nitrogenous base Phosphate group
B Nitrogenous base (cytosine) Deoxyribose sugar Phosphate group
C Nitrogenous base (adenine) Deoxyribose sugar Phosphate group
D Nitrogenous base (adenine) Ribose sugar Phosphate group

16- Which body cavity is completely surrounded by bone?

A- Spinal cavity B- Pelvic cavity C- Thoracic cavity D- All of the above

17- How does HIV cripple the immune system after entering the body?
A- Kill enough helper T cells B- Kill enough macrophages C- Kill enough cytotoxic T cells D- Both A + C

18- In a dihybrid cross between two pea plants one parent is green pod-purple flowers (GgPp) the other parent is unknown in genotype. The
phenotypic ratio of their offspring is (1 Green pod-Purple Flower: 1 Yellow Pod-Purple flower). Which of the following is the genotype of the
unknown parent?
A- GgPp B- ggPp C- ggPP D- ggpp

19- Which of the following is mismatched?

A- Chorionic bronchitis: bronchioles B- Emphysema: alveoli
C- Nicotine: highly addictive depressant D- Asthma: bronchioles

20- Which of the following is/are correct about interneurons?

A- Located between motor neurons and sensory neurons B- Exist in the spinal cord and brain
C- During spinal reflex causes hamstring muscle to contract D- Both A and B are correct

21- All of the following (s) are long bones except:- A- Humerus B- Fibula C- Pelvis D- Tibia

22- In a monohybrid cross between two pea plants with unknown genotypes, the genotypic ratio of their offspring is 1:0, which of the
following could be the genotypes of the parent?
A- Tt X TT B- Tt X tt C- TT X tt D- Both A+C are correct

23- The figure above shows the experiment ________ of ______________.

A- 1, Avery B- 2, Avery C- 1, Hershey-Chase D- 2, Hershey-Chase

24- Which of the following is the specialty of the transmitting neuron called presynaptic neuron
A- They contain synaptic vesicles B- They have re-uptake receptors
C- They can release neurotransmitters D- All of them

25- Which of the following is correct about the letter (X) according to the adjacent graph?
A- Reverse of polarity across the membrane occurs
B- In which the cell membrane becomes permeable to Ca+ ions
C- The rush of K+ ions into the cell opens voltage-gated channels in the membrane that allow even
more K+ ions into the neuron
D- All of them are correct

26- In the human vertebral column there is/are:

A- Only 1 type of joint B- Two different types of joints C- Three different types of joint D- There is no joint

27- Midbrain: hypothalamus

A- Diencephalon: hypothalamus B- Cerebrum: cerebellum
C- Spinal cord: medulla oblongata D- Cerebellum: spinal cord

28- Physicians prescribe strict food regimens for (PKU) patients to eliminate the amino acid _________ from their diets.
A- Tyrosine B- Phenylalanine C- Alanine D- Methionine

29- If a man has low concentration in (LH, FSH, and testosterone hormones) this shows the man has a disorder in:
A- Anterior pituitary gland B- Epididymis C- Posterior pituitary gland D- seminiferous tubules

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30- When does menopause occur?
A- At the 1-7 days of the menstrual cycle B- First five to seven days of the follicular phase
C- At puberty D- When most of a woman’s follicles have either matured and ruptured or degenerated

31- Which of the following is/are correct about each structure that is labeled in the adjacent figure?
A- Structure (1): contains mechanoreceptors for detecting sound
B- Structure (2): convert air pressure to the action potential
C- Structure (4): is anvil bone transfers vibrations into the oval window
D- Structure (3): is a part of the inner ear and contains organs of hearing and mechanoreceptors

32- Which of the following is correct about FSH?

A- Secreted by the follicle
B- Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
C- Stopped by “release inhibiting hormone” from the hypothalamus
D- Both B + C are correct

33- The complementary DNA strand of the template strand is (TTC ACG TAG) what would be the mRNA that transcript from the template
strand?
A- UUG AGC UAC B- UUC ACG UAG C- AAG UGC AUG D- AAC TGC ATC

Hormones Targets
1. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) A- Kidney tubules
2. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B- Thyroid gland
3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) C- Adrenal cortex
4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) D- Anterior pituitary

34- Which of the following is the correct matching according to the hormones and their targets are shown above?
A- 1: D, 2: A, 3: C, 4: B B- 1: C, 2: A, 3: D, 4: B C- 1: B, 2: C, 3: A, 4: D D- 1: D, 2: A, 3: B, 4: C

35- Which of the following is/are correct according to the adjacent figure?
A- The hormone that represents by the letter “B” is secreted by the inner core
of the letter “A”
B- These events that are illustrated in this figure occur during stress
C- The letter “C” refers to the cAMP which acts as a second messenger
D- Both a and b are correct

36- Which of the following refers to the 2nd step of the action of the hormone
shown in the adjacent figure?
A- Hormone-receptor complex causes the cell to activate existing sugar or to
synthesize new sugar
B- Hormone-receptor complex activates an enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP
C- Hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA, activates transcription of DNA, and stimulates the production of new proteins
D- Hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and binds to DNA

37- Which of the following is the 4th step of the translation process?
A- The polypeptide chain continues to grow as the mRNA moves along the ribosome. A new tRNA moves in, carrying an amino acid for the next
mRNA codon.
B- Two ribosomal subunits, a tRNA, and an mRNA join together. Enzymes first attach a specific amino acid to one end of each tRNA according
to the genetic code.
C- The two ribosomal subunit falls apart.
D- The ribosome reaches the stop codon. The newly made polypeptide falls off.

38- Which of the following is the correct pathway for sperm as it exits the body?
A- From testes then to urethra then to epididymis B- From epididymis to vas deferens then to urethra
C- From urethra to vas deferens then to testes D- From testes to vas deferens then to epididymis

39- In a monohybrid cross between two fruit flies, half of the males were red eyes, the other half were white eyes, and all of the females were
red eyes. What would be the genotypes of the parents?
A- XRXR x XrY B- XRXr x XRY C- XrXr x XRY D- XRXr x XrY

40- Which of the following does not begin to form in the first trimester?
A- Placenta B- Embryonic membranes C- Skeleton D- Nervous system

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41- According to the adjacent figure which of the following is/are true?
A- In number 5 meiosis, fertilization, cleavage, and mitosis can happen
B- Number 6 is a gonad and an endocrine gland
C- Number 7 has epithelial tissue
D- All of them are correct

42- Which of the following is/are correct about point mutation?

A- Is a change that occurs within a single gene or other segments of DNA on a chromosome
B- It occurs when one or more nucleotides in a gene are lost or added
C- It includes substitution, if it occurs in a codon the amino acid can be changed
D- All of them are correct

43- According to the adjacent pedigree, it is ______ and the parent represented by the letter B must be _____.
A- Autosomal recessive, Healthy B- Autosomal recessive, Infected
C- Autosomal recessive, Carrier D- X-linked recessive, Carrier

44- Which of the following valve prevents deoxygenated blood from flowing back?
A- Left AV valve B- Bicuspid valve C. Pulmonary valve D- Both B + C

45- Origin: insertion: flexor

A- Scapula: triceps muscle, biceps muscle B- Scapula: radius: biceps muscle
C- Radius: ulna: triceps muscle D- Scapula: ulna: triceps muscle

46- The restriction enzyme is used

A- In the DNA identification B- In the recombinant DNA for human insulin genes
C- For cutting the plasmid D- All of them

47- The adjacent figure belongs to the ________. And number 1 refers to the _______.
A- Copying DNA, primer B- Sorting DNA by size, radioactive primer
C- Sorting DNA by size, radioactive probe D- Sorting DNA by size, Vector

48- The causes of red-green colorblindness include

A- Mutation in the cones B- Absorbing red and green colors of light by the eyes
C- High level of testosterone D- Both A + B

49- Which order is true from less developed to more developed?

A- Zygote → morula → blastocyste → embryo B- Embryo → morula → blastocyste → zygote
C- Zygote → blastocyst → blastocyst → zygote D- Zygote → morula → embryo →blastocyst

50- Which of the labeled parts in the adjacent figure contract during diastole?
A- Both 8 and 9 B- Only 6
C- Both 6 and 7 D- None of them

Prepared by: Hemn Star and Barham Hasan (United Science Girls’ and Boys’ High School)

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