REVIEWER ( BIOS and OS Installation)

DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Powering ON = This process is known as booting, or booting up, which is short for bootstrapping.

2. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) = It is a boot firmware contains essential set of routines, designed to be the first
code run by a PC when powered on.
3. Power-on Self Test ( POST) = Takes place right after you power on. It will test computer hardware to ensuring
hardware is properly functioning before starting process of loading operating system.
4. Bootstrap Loader = Process of locating the operating system. If capable operating system located, BIOS will pass the
control to it.
5. Bootstrapping = Tests the system and prepares the computer for operation based on CMOS settings (installed
hardware and the configuration settings from the manufacturer and user).
6. Interrupt Handlers = Small pieces of software that act as a translator between the hardware components and the
operating system.
7. Device Drivers = Other pieces of software that identify the base hardware components such as keyboard, mouse, hard
drive or floppy drive.
8. Once Bootstrapping is finished, it begins searching for a drive to boot an operating system
A. The boot order or sequence
B. Boot Options
C. Boot Priorities
9. During the initial start up or the boot sequence, you will notice a sentence. Press ____ to Enter Setup. Most system
use _____ or combination of these keys to enter Setup menu.
A. Esc
B. Del
C. F2
9. Complimentary Metal Oxide Semi Conductor (CMOS) = This contains stored configuration regarding how the system
is to be booted. It is configuration program that allows you to configure hardware settings including system settings
such as boot sequence, computer passwords, time and date.

10. If overheating occurs, the PC will shut down automatically.

11. Tattoo = Some BIOSes contains this as a digital signature placed inside the BIOS by the manufacturer, for example Dell.
12. ToolBox = exclusive to Apple Macintosh, this is where the system software originally relied heavily This is a set of
drivers and other useful routines stored in ROM based on Motorola's 680x0 CPUs.
13. Operating System (OS) = This system forms a platform for other system software and application software .
14. Kernel = this is responsible for loading and operating programs or processes, and managing input and output. Kernel
act as a bridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardware level.
A. Colonel B. Kernel C. Corn D. Mushroom
15. The file management system is what the operating system uses to organize and manage files.

16. File = This is a collection of data.

17. File System = The way an operating system organizes information into files is called the __________
18. The Root Directory =This is the beginning of the directory system.
19. Multiuser = When two or more users can work with programs and share peripheral devices (printer, scanner, fax)
20. Multitasking = Multiple applications operated at the same time.
21. Multiprocessing = More than one CPUs that can be shared.
22. Multithreading = Smaller parts of a program are loaded when needed by OS
23. Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) = Designed to allow computers to process and respond to the consistent input of
information without delay.
24. File and folder management = An operating system creates a file structure on the computer hard drive where the data
can be stored and retrieved.
25. Applications management =Whenever a program is requested the operating system locates it and loads into the
primary memory or RAM.
26. Support for built-in utility programs = The operating system comes with tools for maintenance and repairs. They
identify the problem, they find lost files, repair the damaged ones and do backups for your data.
27. Computer hardware control = Operating systems facilitates the access of programs to the computer hardware through
the BIOS and through device drivers.

28. Interrupts = This is a signal to a processor indicating that an asynchronous event has occurred.

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 Its purpose is to alert the operating system when any special event occurs so that it can suspend its current activity and
deal appropriately with the new situation
29. A hardware interrupt occurs, for example, when an I/O operation is completed such as reading some data into the
computer from a tape drive.
30. A software interrupt occurs when an application program terminates or requests certain services from the operating
system
31. Interrupts alter a program’s flow of control. Hence, interrupts provide an efficient way to handle unanticipated events
32. ISR is also called a handler. interrupt service routine (ISR)

COMMON COMPUTER OS INSTALLATION ACRONYMS

1. OEM = original equipment manufactured
2. EFI = Extensible Firmware Interface
3. RTOS = Real-Time Operating System
4. ISR = interrupt service routine
5. OS = Operating System
6. BIOS = Basic Input/Output System
7. POST = Power on Self Test
8. CMOS = Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
9. RTOS = Real-Time Operating System
10. RAM = Random Access Memory
11. CPU = Central Processing Unit
12. USB = Universal Serial Bus
13. CD = Compact Disc

SOME OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION FREQUENTLY ASKED

QUESTIONS (FAQs)
WHY BIOS SHOULD BE UPGRADED
1. Large hard drive support.
2. Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI ) compatibility
3. CPU support
4. Fix problems.
5. Memory support

The most popular operating systems in use today are:

1. Windows from Microsoft
2. Mac OS from Apple
3. UNIX / LINUX

There are three basic elements that make up the major design components of any operating system:
1. User interface
2. Kernel
3. File management system

There are many types of files,

1. program files
2. data files
3. text files.

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