Today’s Goal

The building blocks to understand

1 Light

The Ray Nature of Light :

2 Photon Theory

3 The Wave Theory : EM Wave

4 Reflection by plane mirror

5 Numerical on Reflection of Light

Rahasyamayi Roshni (Mysterious Light)
Rahasyamayi Roshni (Mysterious Light)
Luminous & Non-Luminous Objects
Luminous & Non-Luminous Objects
What happens when light is incident
on a surface ?
Types of Optical Objects
The Dark Side of the Light : Shadows
How do we see things?
Is the Bouncing Back of Light : Reflection
Types of Reflection
 Particle Nature of Light

Newton’s Corpuscles Theory :-

Photon Theory by Einstein :-

 The Wave Theory : EM Wave

❑ Light refers to electromagnetic radiation

that can be detected by the human eye.
The entire electromagnetic spectrum is
extremely broad, ranging from low energy
radio waves with wavelengths, shows
properties such as INTERFERENCE,
DIFFRACTION & POLARISATION.
 Ray Nature of Light

➢ Light also has the property of a particle. The intensity of the

light varies depending on the number of particles. Bright light
has many particles while dark light has fewer particles. These
particles of light are called “photons”
➢ Light travels at a speed of about 300,000 kilometers per second
(c = 3 × 108 m/s).
➢ When in a vacuum such as outer space where no matter is
present, light travels straightforward, this is called Rectilinear
Motion of Light
➢ Several Photons in a single line constitute a Light Ray
➢ Several Light Rays constitute a Beam of Light
 Ray Nature of Light & Related Laws

➢ Law of Rectilinear Propagation of Light

➢ Law of Independence

➢ Law of Reversibility of Light

 Phenomenon of Light : Reflection

➢ When a ray of light falls on a smooth polished surface and the light ray bounces
back into the same medium, it is called the reflection of light.
➢ The incident light ray which lands upon the surface is said to be reflected away
the surface. The ray that bounces back is called the reflected ray.
➢ The perpendicular which is drawn on the surface is called Normal.
 Laws of Reflection

The laws of reflection determine the reflection of incident light rays on reflecting
surfaces, like mirrors, smooth metal surfaces, and clear water.
The laws of reflection states that
➢ The Incident Ray, the Reflected Ray and the Normal all lie in the same plane
➢ The Angle of Incidence (i) = The Angle of Reflection (r)
 Laws of Reflection

✓ The Angle of Incidence (i) = The Angle of Reflection (r)

 Laws of Reflection

✓ The Incident Ray, the Reflected Ray and the Normal all lie in the same plane
 Image formation by Plane Mirror
v

Nature of the Image:

Examples of Lateral Inversion
Numerical on Reflection
1. Find the angle of reflection (r) through second mirror.
Numerical on Reflection
2. Find the number of images that can be formed by the object.