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PHYSICAL PHARMACY Blue Pacop Answer Key
PHYSICAL PHARMACY Blue Pacop Answer Key
PHYSICAL PHARMACY
9) Which of the following parenteral solutions is considered the most closely approximate the
extracellular fluid of human body?
A. Dextroe 2.5 and sodium chloride C. Ringer’s Injection
0.45% Injection D. Sodium Chloride Injection
B. Lactated Ringer’s Injection E. Sodium Lactate Injection
10) An isotonic solution has that same
A. Salt content as blood C. specific gravity as blood
B. pH as blood D. fluid pressure as blood
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19) The decay constant of a radioisotope is 0.96/hour. At half-life of the radioisotope is approximately
A. 100 hours D. 10 hours
B. 1 hour E. 69 hours
C. 14 hours
20) A drug is said to have a biological half-life of 2 hours. At the end of eight hours, what percentage of the
drug’s original activity will remain?
A. 6.25% D. 50%
B. 12.5% E. 2.5%
C. 25%
21) The PBE is based on
A. Arrhenius theory of acid and bases
B. Browsted-Lowry theory
C. Lewis Electron Theory
D. A strong acid and its salt
E. A weak acid and it salt
22) A buffer system is usually a combination of
A. A weak acid and a weak base
B. A strong acid and its conjugate base
C. A weak acid and its cinjugate base
D. A strong acid and its salt
E. A weak acid and its salt
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28) pH is mathematically
A. the log of the hydroxyl ion concentration
B. the negative log of the hydroxyl ion concentration
C. the log of the hydronium ion concentration
D. the negative log of the hydronium ion concentration
E. NOTA
29) Data required to determine the pH of a buffer system include
I. Molar concentration of the weak acid
II. The pKa of the weak acid
III. The volume of solution present
A. I only D. II and III only
B. III only E. I, II, III
C. I and II only
35) The temperature at which a gas liquefies at the maximum vapour pressure the liquid form can achieve
A. Absolute temperature
B. Critical temperature
C. Melting point
D. Flash point
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E. Boiling point
36) The polymorphic form of cacao butter that is most suitable in suppository preparation
A. Gamma
B. Alpha
C. Beta prime
D. Beta
E. Epsilon
37) These are physical properties of drug molecules that are dependent on the structure arrangement of the
atoms within the molecule
A. Additive D. Subjective
B. Constitutive E. AOTA
C. Colligative
38) Refraction occurs when there is
I. Entrance of light thru a denser substance
II. Passage of light thru this substance is slow
III. Bending of the light away from the interface rather than towards it
IV. Bending of a wave more quickly as it passes though the interface
A. I and II D. II and III
B. II and III E. I, II, and III
C. II and III
39) An instrument that measures optical rotation is
A. Spectrophotometer D. Manometer
B. Refractometer E. Optical Rotator
C. Polarimeter
40) These are solutions that do not adhere to the Raoult’s Law throughout the entire range of
composition, where no uniform attractive forces exist
A. Ideal solution D. B and C are correct
B. Non- Ideal solution E. A and C are correct
C. Real solutions
41) The molal elevation constant (Kb) is also known as
A. Ebullioscopic constant D. Specific reaction rate constant
B. Cryoscopic constant E. Ionization contant
C. Osmotic pressure constant
42) The following are considered strong electrolytes
I. HCl
II. KOH
III. NH4OH
IV. H2CO3
A. I and II
B. III and IV
C. I and III
D. I, II, and III
E. I, II and IV
43) The parameter that is dynamic equilibrium when dissolution of electrolytes occur
A. Concetration of the reactants
B. Concentration of the products
C. Velocities of the forward and reverse reactions
D. AOTA
E. NOTA
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51) A change in appearance, palatability, uniformity, dissolution and suspendability are examples of this
kind of instability
A. Chemical
B. Physical
C. Microbiologic
D. Therapeutic
E. AOTA
52) The following are Non- Newtonian classes of flow, EXCEPT
A. Plastic
B. Psuedoplastic
C. Dilatant
D. Parallel
E. Thixotropic
53) The slope ogf the line that is equal to –K0, when a plot with concentration on the vertical axis and time on
the horizontal axis is made
A. Zero order reaction
B. First order reaction
C. Second order reaction
D. Third order reaction
E. First and Second order reaction
54) The most form of the drug that undergo an apparent zero- order reaction kinetics are
A. Solids D. solutions
B. Solutions E. suppositories
C. Suspensions
56) These are formulated to react in water CO2 affecting partial anesthesia of the sensory
buds of the oral cavity, thereby covering up saline and bitter tastes
A. Suspensions D. Solutions
B. Emulsions E. Granules
C. Effervescent granules
57) Which of the following intermolecular bond is involved in the attraction of electrons of nonpolar
molecules resulting to transient polarity?
A. Dipole-dipole forces D. ion-dipole interaction
B. Dipole-induced dipole forces E. ion-ion interaction
C. Ion- induced dipole interaction
58) This is a physical property of systems that is dependent on the number or quantity of particles in solution
A. Additive property D. NOTA
B. Constitutive property E. AOTA
C. Colligative property
59) Official method of the USP for determining specify gravity
A. Floatation method D. Pycnometer method
B. Braume method E. Westphal balance
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C. Manometric method
60) . Which gas law states that pressure is inversely proportional to the volume occupied?
A. Boyle’s law D. Ideal Gas law
B. Charle’s law E. NOTA
C. Gay-Lussac’s law
61) Chloramphenicol has three crystal forms. This capability of a crystal to change from one form to another
is known as
A. Enantiomerism D. NOTA
B. Polymorphism E. AOTA
C. Stereoisomerism
62) USP method of determining particle size distribution
A. Optical microscopy D. Particle volume measurement
B. Sieving E. NOTA
C. Sedimentation method
63) In liquid dosage forms, if the dispersed particle is more than 0.1 microns, the system is called
A. True solution D. NOTA
B. Colloidal dispersion E. AOTA
C. Coarse dispersion
64) Phenomenon wherein solubility is increased upon addition of salt
A. Salting in D. Precipitation
B. Salting out E. NOTA
C. Caking
65) Which of the following is indicated for a dehydrated person?
A. Hypertonic D. isosmotic
B. Isotonic E. NOTA
C. Hypotonic
66) . Method of adjustment of tonicity wherein a stock solution is isotonic is added to bring the
solution into volume
A. Class I D. Cryoscopic method
B. Sodium chloride equivalent E. NOTA
C. White Vincent
67) Which of the following are highly hydrophilic agents and have high HLB value
A. SPAN D. antifoaming agent
B. TWEEN E. surfactants
C. Wetting agents
68) A problem commonly encountered in emulsions wherein the dispersed phase floats
A. Creaming D. inversion
B. Aggregation E. separation
C. Coalescence
69) Classify sodium lauryl sulphate as synthetic emulsifying agent
A. Anionic D. NOTA
B. Cationic E. AOTA
C. Non-ionic
70) The type of system in semisolid and fluid preparations where viscosity increases with time ( upon standing
)
A. Thixotropic D. dilatant
B. Rheopectic E. pseudo-dilatant
C. Eutectic
71) Which of the following is not a colligative property of solutions?
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E. NOTA
82) pKa, which is equal to the of Ka ( cologarithm of Ka )
A. Negative decimal logarithm D. logarithm of Ka
B. Negative antilog E. Antilog of –Ka
C. Antilog –
83) A is a species which donates an electron pair to form a bond. This is a special type of covalent
bond because the bond is formed by two electrons from one species and none from the other.
A. Lewis acid D. arrhenuis base
B. Lewis base E. NOTA
C. Arrhenius acid
84) In the hydrolis reaction of ammonia , is the conjugate acid
A. Water D. NOTA
B. Ammonium ion E. AOTA
C. H+
85) . A dilute solution of a weak electrolyte is than a more concentrated solution of the same
weak electrolyte
A. Less ionized D. completely ionized
B. More ionized E. NOTA
C. Not ionized
86) Gifford’s buffer is similar to most of the borate buffers but contains mainly as its salt
A. Sodium chloride D. ammonium hydroxide
B. Potassium chloride E. NOTA
C. Ammonium chloride
87) Which among the following ions has the greatest influence in fluid balance?
A. Potassium D. magnesium
B. Sodium E. NOTA
C. Calcium
88) is involved in the depolarization of the muscles causing the release of an action potential
A. Calcium D. magnesium
B. Sodium E. NOTA
C. Potassium
89) 9s an example of a hypotonic solution
A. D5W D. Hetastarch
B. Dextrose 5% in half normal saline E. D10W
C. D 2.5%W
90) All of the following is linked with the importance of preparing pH-adjusted solutions except
A. Drug administration D. parenteral administration
B. Blood administration E. NOTA
C. Ophthalmic administration
91) Because solutions flood cells , certain patients should not receive them e.g. patients with
cerebral edema
A. hypertonic D. intravenous
B. Isotonic E. oral
C. Hypotonic
92) All of the following are isotonic solutions except
A. D5LRS D. plain Ringer’s solution
B. LRS E. NOTA
C. Hetastarch
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93) .Because the liver converts lactate to bicarbonate. Lactated Ringer’s solution should be given if the
patient’s blood pH exceeds
A. 7.35 D. 7.2
B. 7.50 E. NOTA
C. 8.0
94) Hypotonic solutions cause a fluid shift from to
A. Blood vessels : cells D. ECF to interstitial fluid
B. Cells : blood vessels E. ECF to ICF
C. ICF to ECF
95) Buffer capacity is the amount of an acid or base the buffer can neutralize before
A. pH changes by one unit D. pH decreases
B. pH changes to a appreciable degree E. NOTA
C. neutralization
96) Sorensen’s buffer is composed of a ( basic ) solution of dibasic sodium phosphate with the formula
A.
Na2HPO4 D. Na3PO
B.
NaH2PO4 E. NOTA
C.
NaPO4
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C. Ion-dipole interaction
D. Ion-induced dipole interaction
116) This theory that explains the behavior/characteristics of gases
A. Van der Waals Theory C. Kinetic Molecular Theory
B. Gas laws D. Le Chantelier’s Principle
117) This property is exhibited by gases within a confined system, which is due to the collision of gas
particles with one another and to the wall of the container.
A. Volume C. Elasticity
B. Pressure D. Mole
118) The interrelation among volume, pressure and temperature is expressed by;
A. Boyle’s Law C. Ideal Gas Law
B. Charles Law D. Van Holf’s Equation
119) The value of R which is 0.08205 L-atm/mole-K is determined when;
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139) This is the reversible change from one polymorphic form to another.
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A. Monotropic C. anistropic
B. Isotropic D. enantiotropic
I. A mesophase formed from gaseous state where the gas is held under combination of
temperatures and pressures that exceed the critical point of a substance
II. Have properties intermediate those of liquids and gases
III. Exhibit flow properties
A. I, II and III C. I and II
B. I and III D. only III
A. Flow property
B. Permeability
C. Amorphous
D. Birefringence
145) A useful device for relating the effect of the least number of independent variables upon the
various phases that can exist in equilibrium system containing a given number of
components.
A. Eutexia C. Polymorphism
B. The Phase Rule D. Degrees of Freedom
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146) A homogenous, physically distinct portion of a system that is separated from other portions of the
system by bounding surfaces
147) In two-component system, the variables considered to described the system completely include:
I. Temperature II. Concentration III. Pressure
148) In the equilibrium mixture of liquid water + benzyl alcohol, the number of phases (P) is;
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
149) A phenomenon that results to liquefaction when two solids are combined due to the lowering of their
melting points
150) In a mixture of 34% thymol in salol, the system occurs as one liquid phase 13°C. This
point in the phase diagram is known as;
151) All combinations of phenol and water are completely miscible at 66.8°C. This is termed as;
152) At 0.0098°C and 4.58mmHg, ice-liquid water-water vapour exist in equilibrium. This
is referred to as;
153) The study of heat changes in chemical reactions and certain physical processes.
A. Thermodynamics C. Thermochemistry
B. Heat dynamics D. Enthalpy
154) Energy can be transformed from one form into another but cannot be lost, destroyed or
created. This statement is the;
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A. Spectrometer C. Oscillometer
B. Refractrometer D. Polarimeter
157) Properties of drug molecules which are derived from the sum of the properties of the
individual atoms of functional groups
A. Additive C. constitutive
B. Colligative D. extensive
A. Additive C. constitutive
B. Colligative D. extensive
159) A counter clockwise rotation in the planner light, as observed looking into the beam of
polarized light, this substance is define as:
A. Dextrorotatory C. polar
B. Levorotatory D. nonpolar
160) The passage of 96,500 coulombs of electricity through a conductivity cell produces a
chemical change of 1 gram equivalent weight of any substance. This is known as:
A. Increases C. unaltered
B. Decreases D. remain constant
163) A solution that contains more of the dissolved solute than it would normally contain at a
definite temperature is;
A. Saturated C. unsaturated
B. Supersaturated D. subsaturated
164) If one part of the solute requires 30 to 100 parts of the solvent, the solubility is described as;
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166) The effect of pressure to the solubility of gases is expressed by this law which states that the
concentration of dissolved gas is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution at
equilibrium.
168) Gases are liberated from solutions in which they are dissolved by the introduction of an
electrolyte. This phenomenon is known as;
A. I and II D. I only
B. I and III E. II only
C. II and III
171) For salts of weak base like codeine sulfate, as the pH increases, solubility;
172) Which of the following liquid-liquid mixture is the least characterized by complete miscibility?
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173) The increase in mutual solubility of two partially miscible solvents by another agent is
referred to as;
A. Miscibility C. association
B. Blending D. solvation
174) In phenol-wate system, the addition of glycerine, (or succinic acid) will the mutual
solubility of the liquid pair.
175) The FGSA, functional group surface area (in A⁰²) of n-butanol is 59.2, while
cyclohexanol is 49.6, therefore;
176) Which of the following is/are the least factors affecting the solubility of solids in liquid?
A. pH C. pressure
B. temperature D. presence of other substance
178) Solutions for which changes in the physical properties of the solution occur when the
components are mixed are called:
179) It describes the solubility of slightly soluble electrolytes to form a saturated solution.
A. Endothermic C. idiopathic
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B. Exothermic D. amphoteric
181) When a solution of AgCI is added with NaCI, some of the AgCI precipitates. This is known as .
A. Solubility C. salting-out
B. Association D. common-ion effect
182) Sodium chloride does not evolve nor absorb heat when dissolved, so the heat of solution is
approximately;
A. Positive C. zero
B. Negative D. either positive or negative
183) What is the co-solvent used to enhance the aqueous solubility of the
undissociated Phenobarbital?
A. Alcohol C. ether
B. Water D. acetone
185) If 100 – 1,000 parts of the solvent is required to dissolved 1 g of the solute. It is
described as;
186) The vapor pressure of solvent over a dilute solution is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure
solvent, multiplied by the mole fraction of solvent in solution.
This is according to;
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B. I and II D. I only
189) It is the pressure that must be applied to the solution to prevent the flow of pure solvent into the
concentrated solution.
191) When a solute is added to the pure solvent, it will alter the tendency of the molecules to escape
the original liquid. What colligative property is described?
194) The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for weak acid and its salt is;
A. an ampholyte C. a diprotic
B. a polyprotic D. a monoprotic
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197) Which of the following factors is the least affecting the pH of the buffer?
A. Positive C. constant
B. Negative D. unchanged
A. Hemoglobin/oxymoglobin
B. Acid/alkali sodium salts of phosphoric acid
C. Carbonic acid/carbonate
D. Plasma proteins
A. 0.003 C. 0.028
B. 0.025 D. 0.35
201) It is the number of gram equivalents in an acid or base that changes the pH of 1 L buffer solution by 1 unit.
A. Normality C. Molality
B. Molarity D. Mole Fraction
A. Normality C. Molality
B. Molarity D. Mole Fraction
204) The concentration of solution may be expressed in terms of Normality. Normality is the;
I. Ammonia-ammonium buffer system is a weak acid and conjugate base buffer pair.
II. A positive dilution value signifies that the pH raise with temperature.
III. Additional buffers are added to drug solutions though they exhibit buffer capacity.
A. I, II and III C. I and III
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206) The pKb of pilocarpine is 7.15 at 25°C (pH = 7.4), calculate the mole percent of the base.
A. 78% D. 64%
B. 3.56% E. 36%
C. 1.78%
207) In a liter of a 0.01M solution of acetic acid, it was found to dissociate into 1.32 x 10-3 gram-ions each of
hydronium and acetate at 25°C. What is the ka?
208) What is the maximum buffer capacity of an acetate buffer with a total concentration of 3.75 x 10-
2
nmole/liter?
210) Sodium chloride equivalents are used to estimate the amount of sodium chloride needed to render a solution
isotonic. The E may be defined as;
211) The following concentration of sodium chloride solutions are hypertonic EXCEPT;
A. 2.5% C. 5%
B. 1.5% D. 0.5%
212) The component of aerosol system is liquid due to the high pressure inside the container.
A. 0.52°C C. 0.85°C
B. 0.48°C D. 0.44°C
214) This solution causes the cells to shrink because of the outward passage of water.
A. Isotonic C. hypertonic
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B. Hypotonic D. isosmotic
215) According to haemolytic method of measuring tonicity, a solution that liberates haemoglobin is;
A. Isotonic C. hypertonic
B. Hypotonic D. isosmotic
216) The sodium chloride equivalent of atropine sulfate is 0.13. this means that;
218) Drug A has a MW = 356 g/mole and anLisovalue = 4.3. Calculate ∆tf1% of Drug A.
A. 0.68° C. 0.22°
B. 0.44 D. 0.12°
219) It utilizes the use of freezing point in calculating the tonicity of solution.
220) A newly discovered weak acid was found to diffuse freely through the red blood cell membrane. A 2.3% of
this weak aid has the same freezing point as blood. The 2.3% is;
221) A newly discovered weak acid was found to diffuse freely through the red blood cell membrane. A 2.3% of
this weak acid has the same freezing point as blood. When volume of this solution is mixed with blood, red blood
cells will;
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A. Can pass through filter paper but not through semipermeable membrane
B. Exhibit Faraday- Tyndall effect
C. Diffuse rapidly
D. Detected under ultramicroscope
226) If an electric potential is applied to a colloid, the charged colloidal particles move toward the
oppositely charged electrode. What property of colloids is described?
A. Adsorption C. electrophoresis
B. Brownian motion D. Tyndall effect
227) In colloidal dispersions, if the dispersed phase interacts appreciably with the dispersion medium, it is
referred to as;
A. Iyophobic C. amphiphilic
B. Iyophilic D. hydrophobic
A. As plasma substitute
B. As diagnostic agent for paresis
C. To increase solubility, stability and taste of drugs
D. As germicides
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231) Colloidal system that has the ability to increase the solubility of materials that is normally insoluble include;
A. Gelatin C. albumin
B. Acacia D. rubber
233) The random and erratic movement of colloidal particles which is due to the bombardment of particles by the
molecules of the dispersion medium is termed as;
234) The sedimentation of colloidal particles can be accomplished by the use of;
A. Ultrafilter C. ultracentrifuge
B. Ultramicroscope D. QELS
I. A system containing particles that have negligible attraction for the dispersion medium
II. Dispersed phase consist of agreegates of small organic molecules or ions.
III. Hydrophilic and lipophilic portion of the molecule is solved
A. Only I C. I and II
B. II and III D. I, II and III
237) The number of monomers that aggregate to form a miracle is known as the;
238) Sodium ions are attracted to the surface of the micelle is known as the;
A. Gegenions C. cations
B. Anions D. zwitterions
A. Fluidity C. turbidity
B. Transparency D. light rays
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241) This apparatus examine light points responsible for the tyndall cone in colloids
243) Parameters used to evaluate a suspension formulation in terms of the amount of flocculation include;
245) How does the increase in the viscosity of the liquid affect the rate of sedimentation in a suspension? (assume
that the density of the particles is greater than the density of the dispersing liquid.)
heterogenous systems
247) A clear supernatant liquid is produced, upon settling of particles in this system.
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A. Sedimentation C. subsidence
B. Caking D. flocculation
250) A process of forming a light, fluffy conglomerates that are held together by weak
A. Aggregation C. Caking
B. Deposition D. flocculation
252) Which of the following powders are having low contact angle?
253) This agent prevents coalescence and maintains the integrity of the individual droplets in emulsion.
254) This theory of emulsification places the emulsifying agent at the interface between the oil and water,
surrounding the droplets of the internal phase as a thin layer of film adsorbed on the surface of the drops.
255) A problem affecting the pharmaceutical elegance of emulsion that involves the complete fusion of droplets
followed by ultimate fusion of two immiscible phases.
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A. I and II
B. II and III
C. I, II and III
D. II only
257) A phenomenon occur when there is a change of an emulsion type form O/W To W/O or vice versa?
A. Coalescence C. creaming
B. Breaking D. phase inversion
259) Which of the following test is the least method use for determining the type of emulsion form?
260) A system in which the liquid is removed and only the frameworks remains.
A. Hydrogel C. jellies
B. Organogel D. xerogel
262) The taking up of a gel with a certain amount of liquid without a measurable increase in volume is referred
to as ;
A. Swelling C. syneresis
B. Imbibition D. bleeding
263) A phenomenon where the liquid in gel is pressed out upon standing is referred to as;
A. Syneresis C. imbibition
B. Swelling D. bleeding
264) Petroleum contains a substance that thickens the system, thus referred to as gel former. This substance
is known as;
265) The capillary rise method is used in measuring, which of the following physical Property?
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266) Which of the following substance is the major component of a lung surfactant that allows us to breath
and prevents pulmonary edema?
271) Which of the following surfactant is used to lower the contact angle of the powder and the liquid?
A. Solubilizing agent
B. Detergent
C. Wetting agent
D. Foaming agent
272) Describe as a stable structure consisting of air pockets enclosed within thin film of liquid.
A. Foam C. detergent
B. Aerosol D. antifoam
273) The angle between a liquid droplet and the surface over which it spreads is
Defined as;
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275) It described as a complex process involving the removal of foreign matter from Surfaces.
A. Wetting C. cleansing
B. Detergency D. foaming
276) Which of the following pharmaceutical products follow a zero-order kinetics for degradation?
A. Solutions C. suspensions
B. Ointments D. elixirs
277) Which of the following rate of reaction (degradation) is independent to the concentration of the
reactants.
A. Zero C. second
B. First D. third
279) Which of the given equation can be applied to calculate the zero-order rate constant?
280) Which method is used to calculate an estimate of shelf-life for a product that may have been stored or is
going to be stored under a different set of conditons?
282) What test is use to determine the the stability of formulation using exaggerated conditions of
temperature and humidity?
283) It define as the amount of time that the product can be stored before it becomes unfit for use through either
chemical decomposition or physical deterioration
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284) Instability of drug products may give rise to the following consequences include;
285) Which of the following pharmaceutical preaparations is categorized as Non- Newtonian system?
287) Factors affecting rheological properties and measurement of viscosity of liquids and semisolids include;
289) A comparatively slow recovery of the material structure on standing that was lost by shear- thinning is
referred to as
A. Dilatancy C. thixotropy
B. Rheopexy D. viscoelasticity
290) What type of flow does gels and magmas exhibit when they form semisolids on standing and become
fluid upon shaking?
A. Rheopexy C. antithixotropy
B. Thixotropy D. dilatancy
I. Ketchup
II. Whipping cream
III. Suspensions that contain very high solid content.
A. I,II and III D. II and III
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294) It describes the dissolutions rate of the drug powder consisting of uniformly
sized particles.
295) Diffusion is the rate limiting step in the drug release of the following formulations
A. Ligand C. guest
B. Host D. substrate
A. Zeolite C. quinhydrone
B. Clathrate D. cyclodextrin
300) Andreasen pipet is an apparatus used to obtained data used in determining particle size by;
A. Optical microscopy
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B. Sieving method
C. Sedimentation method
D. Particle volume measurement
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