A gas occupies 4.31 liters at a pressure of 0.755atm.

Determine the volume if the pressure is increased to

1.25atm.

(0.755 atm) (4.31L)= 1.25 atm (x)

600.0 ml of a gas is at a pressure of 8.00 atm. What is the volume of the gas at 2.00 atm?

(8.00 atm) (600.0ml)=(2.00 atm) (x)

400.0 ml of a gas are under a pressure of 800.0 torr. What would be the volume of the gas be at a
pressure of 1000.0 torr)

(800.0 torr)(400.0 ml)= (1000.0 torr) x

A particular balloon is designed by its manufacturer to be inflated to a volume of no more than 2.5
liters. If the balloon is filled with 2.0 liters of helium at sea level (101.3 kPa), and rises to an altitude at
whichthe boiling temperature of water is only 88 degrees Celsius, will the balloon burst?

At sea level boiling point of water is 100 degree celsuis

100 degrees is to 101.3kPa= 88degrees is to x

X=89.144kPA

P1V1=P2V2

(101.3) (2.0)= (88.144) (x)

X=2.27L

Charles law

Notes:

I used:

V1 / T 1 = V 2 / T 2

to set up the solution for the first few.

Sometimes, you will see the symbolic equation in cross-multiplied form:

V1T2 = V2T1

I set up some solutions toward the end using various permutations of the cross-
multiplied form.
In all the problems below, the pressure and the amount of gas are held constant.

Problem #1: Calculate the decrease in temperature (in Celsius) when 2.00 L at 21.0
°C is compressed to 1.00 L.

Solution:

(2.00 L) / 294.0 K) = (1.00 L) / (x)

cross multiply to get:

2x = 293

x = 147.0 K

Converting 147.0 K to Celsius, we find -126.0 °C, for a total decrease of 147.0 °C,
from 21.0 °C to -126.0 °C.

Problem #2: 600.0 mL of air is at 20.0 °C. What is the volume at 60.0 °C?

Solution:

(600.0 mL) / (293.0) = (x) / (333.0 K)

x = 682 mL

Problem #3: A gas occupies 900.0 mL at a temperature of 27.0 °C. What is the
volume at 132.0 °C?

Solution:

(900.0 mL) / (300.0 K) = (x) / (405.0 K)

x = 1215 mL
Problem #4: What change in volume results if 60.0 mL of gas is cooled from 33.0 °C
to 5.00 °C?

Solution:

(60.0 mL) / (306.0 K) = (x) / (278.00 K)

Cross multiply to get:

306x = 16680

x = 54.5 mL <--- that's the ending volume, which is NOT the answer

The volume decreases by 5.5 mL.

Problem #5: Given 300.0 mL of a gas at 17.0 °C. What is its volume at 10.0 °C?

Solution:

In cross-multiplied form, it is this:

V1T2 = V2T1

V2 = (V1T2) / T1 <--- divided both sides by T1

x = [(300.0 mL) (283.0 K)] / 290.0 K

Problem #6: A gas occupies 1.00 L at standard temperature. What is the volume at
333.0 °C?

Solution:

In cross-multiplied form, it is this:

V1T2 = V2T1

V2 = (V1) [T2 / T1] <--- notice how I grouped the temperatures together

x = (1.00 L) [(606.0 K) / (273.0 K)]

x = 2.22 L

Problem #7: At 27.00 °C a gas has a volume of 6.00 L. What will the volume be at
150.0 °C?

Solution:

Two different set-ups:

(6.00 L) / (300.0 K) = (x) / (423.0 K)

or

(6.00 L) (423.0 K) = (x) (300.0 K)

Same answer:

x = 8.46 L

Problem #8: At 225.0 °C a gas has a volume of 400.0 mL. What is the volume of this
gas at 127.0 °C?

Solution:

From #6:

V2 = (V1) [T2 / T1]

x = (400.0 mL) [(400.0 K) / (498.0 K)

x = 321 mL

Here's the "traditional" way:

(400.0 mL) / (498.0 K) = (x) / (400.0 K)

Problem #9: At 210.0 °C a gas has a volume of 8.00 L. What is the volume of this
gas at -23.0 °C?
Solution:

(8.00 L) / (483.0 K) = (x) / (250.0 K)

Note how you can have a negative Celsius temperature, but not a negative Kelvin
temperature.

Problem #10: When the volume of a gas is changed from ___ mL to 852 mL, the
temperature will change from 315 °C to 452 °C. What is the starting volume?

Solution:

Write Charles Law and substitute values in:

V1 / T 1 = V 2 / T 2

x / 588 K = 852 mL / 725 K

(x) (725 K) = (852 mL) (588 K)

x = 691 mL

Note the large °C values, trying to get you to forget to add 273. Remember, only
Kelvin temperatures are allowed in the calculations.

Bonus Problem: An open "empty" 2 L plastic pop container, which has an actual
inside volume of 2.05 L, is removed from a refrigerator at 5 °C and allowed to warm
up to 21 °C. What volume of air measured at 21 °C, will leave the container as it
warms?

Solution:

2.05 L / 278 K = V2 / 294 K

Calculate V2. The volume that "escapes" is V2 minus 2.05 L

Example #1: 5.00 L of a gas is known to contain 0.965 mol. If the amount of gas is
increased to 1.80 mol, what new volume will result (at an unchanged temperature and
pressure)?
Solution:

I'll use V1n2 = V2n1

(5.00 L) (1.80 mol) = (x) (0.965 mol)

x = 9.33 L (to three sig figs)

Example #2: A cylinder with a movable piston contains 2.00 g of helium, He, at room
temperature. More helium was added to the cylinder and the volume was adjusted so
that the gas pressure remained the same. How many grams of helium were added to
the cylinder if the volume was changed from 2.00 L to 2.70 L? (The temperature was
held constant.)

Solution:

1) Convert grams of He to moles:

2.00 g / 4.00 g/mol = 0.500 mol

2) Use Avogadro's Law:

V1 / n 1 = V 2 / n 2

2.00 L / 0.500 mol = 2.70 L / x

x = 0.675 mol

3) Compute grams of He added:

0.675 mol − 0.500 mol = 0.175 mol

(0.175 mol) (4.00 g/mol) = 0.7 grams of He added

Example #3: A balloon contains a certain mass of neon gas. The temperature is kept
constant, and the same mass of argon gas is added to the balloon. What happens?

(a) The balloon doubles in volume.

(b) The volume of the balloon expands by more than two times.
(c) The volume of the balloon expands by less than two times.
(d) The balloon stays the same size but the pressure increases.
(e) None of the above.

Solution:

We can perform a calculation using Avogadro's Law:

V1 / n 1 = V 2 / n 2

Let's assign V1 to be 1 L and V2 will be our unknown.

Let us assign 1 mole for the amount of neon gas and assign it to be n1.

The mass of argon now added is exactly equal to the neon, but argon has a higher
gram-atomic weight (molar mass) than neon. Therefore less than 1 mole of Ar will be
added. Let us use 1.5 mol for the total moles in the balloon (which will be n2) after the
Ar is added. (I picked 1.5 because neon weighs about 20 g/mol and argon weighs
about 40 g/mol.)

1 / 1 = x / 1.5

x = 1.5

answer choice (c).

Example #4: A flexible container at an initial volume of 5.120 L contains 8.500 mol
of gas. More gas is then added to the container until it reaches a final volume of 18.10
L. Assuming the pressure and temperature of the gas remain constant, calculate the
number of moles of gas added to the container.

Solution:

V1 / n 1 = V 2 / n 2
5.120 L 18.10 L
–––––––– = ––––––
8.500 mol x

x = 30.05 mol <--- total moles, not the moles added

30.05 − 8.500 = 21.55 mol (to four sig figs)

Notice the specification in the problem to determine moles of gas added. The
Avogadro Law calculation gives you the total moles required for that volume, NOT
the moles of gas added. That's why the subtraction is there.

Example #5: If 0.00810 mol neon gas at a particular temperature and pressure
occupies a volume of 214 mL, what volume would 0.00684 mol neon gas occupy
under the same conditions?

Solution:

1) Notice that the same conditions are the temperature and pressure. Holding those
two constant means the volume and the number of moles will vary. The gas law that
describes the volume-mole relationship is Avogadro's Law:

V1 V2
––– = ––––
n1 n2

2) Substituting values gives:

214 mL V2
––––––––– = ––––––––––
0.00810 mol 0.00684 mol

3) Cross-multiply and divide for the answer:

V2 = 181 mL (to three sig figs)

When I did the actual calculation for this answer, I used 684 and 810 when entering
values into the calculator.

4) You may find this answer interesting:

Dividing PV1 = n1RT by PV2 = n2RT, we get

V1/V2 = n1/n2

V2 = V1n2/n1

V2 = [(214 mL) (0.00684 mol)] / 0.00810 mol

V2 = 181 mL

In case you don't know, PV = nRT is called the Ideal Gas Law. You'll see it a bit later
in your Gas Laws unit, if you haven't already.

Example #6: A flexible container at an initial volume of 6.13 L contains 7.51 mol of
gas. More gas is then added to the container until it reaches a final volume of 13.5 L.
Assuming the pressure and temperature of the gas remain constant, calculate the
number of moles of gas added to the container.

Solution:

1) Let's start by rearranging the Ideal Gas Law (which you'll see a bit later or you can
go review it right now):

PV = nRT

V/n = RT / P

R is, of course, a constant.

2) T and P are constant, as stipulated in the problem. Therefore, we can write this:

k = RT / P

where k is some constant.

3) Therefore, this is true:

V/n = k

4) Given V and n at two different sets of conditions, we have:

V1 / n 1 = k
V2 / n 2 = k

5) Since k = k, we have this relation:

V1 / n 1 = V 2 / n 2

6) Insert data and solve:

6.13 / 7.51 = 13.5 / n

(6.13) (n) = (13.5) (7.51)

n = [(13.5) (7.51)] / 6.13

n = 16.54 mol (this is not the final answer)

7) Final step:

16.54 − 7.51 = 9.03 mol (this is the number of moles of gas that were added)

Example #7: A container with a volume of 25.47 L holds 1.050 mol of oxygen gas
(O2) whose molar mass is 31.9988 g/mol. What is the volume if 7.210 g of oxygen gas
is removed from the container, assuming the pressure and temperature remain
constant?

Solution #1:

1) Initial mass of O2:

(1.050 mol) (31.9988 g/mol) = 33.59874 g

2) Final mass of O2:

33.59874 − 7.210 = 26.38874 g

3) Final moles of O2:

26.38874 g / 31.9988 g/mol = 0.824679 mol

4) Use Avogadro's Law:

V1 / n 1 = V 2 / n 2

25.47 L / 1.050 mol = V2 / 0.824679 mol

V2 = 20.00 L

Solution #2:

1) Let's convert the mass of O2 removed to moles:

7.210 g / 31.9988 g/mol = 0.225321 mol

2) Subtract moles of O2 that got removed:

1.050 mol − 0.225321 mol = 0.824679 mol

3) Use Avogadro's Law as above.

Solution #3:

1) This solution depends on seeing that the mass ratio is the same as the mole ratio.
Allow me to explain by using Avogadro's Law:

V1 V2
–––– = ––––
n1 n2

2) Replace moles with mass divided by molar mass:

V1 V2
–––––––––– = ––––––––––
mass1 / MM mass2 / MM

3) Since the molar mass is of the same substance (oxygen in this case), they cancel out
leaving us with this:

V1 V2
–––– = ––––
mass1 mass2

4) Solve using the appropriate values

25.47 L V2
–––––––– = ––––––––
33.59874 g 26.38874 g

V2 = 20.00 L

Example #8: What volume (in L) will 5.5 g of oxygen gas occupy if 2.2 g of the
oxygen gas occupies 3.0 L? (Under constant pressure and temperature.)
Solution:

1) State the ideal gas law:

P1V1 P2V2
––––– = –––––
n1T1 n2T2

Note that it is the full version which includes the moles of gas. Usually a shortened
version with the moles not present is used. Since grams are involved (which leads to
moles), we choose to use the full version.

2) The problem states that P and T are constant:

V1 V2
––– = –––
n1 n2

3) Cross-multiply and rearrange to isolate V2:

V2n1 = V1n2

V2 = (V1) (n2 / n1)

4) moles = mass / molecular weight:

n = mass / mw

V2 = (V1) [(mass2 / mw) / (mass1 / mw)]

5) mw is a constant (since they are both the molecular weight of oxygen), which
means it can be canceled out:

V2 = (V1) (mass2 / mass1)

6) Solve:

V2 = (3.0 L) (5.5 g / 2.2 g)

V2 = 7.5 L
Example #9: At a certain temperature and pressure, one mole of a diatomic H2 gas
occupies a volume of 20 L. What would be the volume of one mole of H atoms under
those same conditions?

Solution:

One mole of H2 molecules has 6.022 x 1023 H2 molecules.

One mole of H atoms has 6.022 x 1023 H atoms.

The number of independent "particles" in each sample is the same.

Therefore, the volumes occupied by the two samples are the same. The volume of the
H atoms sample is 20 L.

By the way, I agree that one mole of H2 has twice as many atoms as one mole of H
atoms. However, the atoms in H2 are bound up into one mole of molecules, which
means that one molecule of H2 (with two atoms) counts as one independent "particle"
when considering gas behavior.

Example #10: A flexible container at an initial volume of 6.13 L contains 8.51 mol of
gas. More gas is then added to the container until it reaches a final volume of 15.5 L.
Assuming the pressure and temperature of the gas remain constant, calculate the
number of moles of gas added to the container.

Solution:

1) State Avogadro's Law in problem-solving form:

V1 V2
––– = ––––
n1 n2

2) Substitute values into equation and solve:

6.13 L 15.5 L
––––––– = ––––––
8.51 mol x

x = 21.5 mol
3) Determine moles of gas added:

21.5 mol − 8.51 mol = 13.0 mol (when properly rounded off)