A Review on Design and Development of Spices Grinder

Ravishkumar Singh1, Abhishek Salunke2, Pratik Shedge3, Shrikrishna

Bhore4, Chandan M N5, D G Matale6
1,2,3,4
UG Student, Mechanical Engineering, Trinity Academy of Engineering, Pune-411048, India
5
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Trinity Academy of Engineering, Pune-411048, India
6
Assistant Professor, Engineering Science, Trinity Academy of Engineering, Pune-411048, India
1
Corresponding, Author Email: sravishkumar1@gmail.com

Abstract
Grinding the spices without intacting the natural taste is the very difficult process. Which affect the quality and
taste of the food. To grind them into a fine powder, this project is introduced. The objective of this study is to
design and develop a low-cost spice grinder without intacting the natural taste. A hammer mill is a mill whose
purpose is to shred or crush aggregate material into smaller pieces by the repeated blows of little hammers.
These machines have numerous industrial applications, including Ethanol plants (grains) The hammer mill
operates on the principle of impact between rapidly moving hammers mounted on a rotor and powder This
project aims to develop a hammer grinding machine suitable for domestic use for the production of fine and
coarse aggregates. The design was based on the elimination of metal-to-metal contact, contamination of ground
material, and excessive vibration. We are going to make a prototype of a hammer grinding machine that can be
useful for household purposes and can be able to make up to 2kg as we expected. The design of the 3D model is
done in PTC Creo and Analysis will be done in the future.

I. INTRODUCTION
Spices are integral part of Indian food (India has come to be known as “land of spices” both as a component of
daily food items as well as part of pickles, sauces etc. Indian spices are of the finest quality. Today the demand
for it has considerably increased from all the countries. This work mainly would involve production of all
spices[1]. The time required for grinding spices is also more when using traditional methods. The use of the
modern machine in agriculture is important to increase the productivity of agriculture. So, modernization and
mechanization in agricultural techniques are inescapable. There is a need for mechanical equipment to come in
light for use in production. Using such equipment will increase production and also will improve efficiency. But
using the bulky and high-power-consuming system has been seen as our first priority [2].But these machines are
expensive and not very efficient to use in a point of view through small-scale industries. So, a system
inexpensive enough and compact and without intacting the taste is to be introduced[3].
India is the largest producer and consumer of spices with a production of around 947,790 tons which is
60% of the world’s production. Indian spices are fine in quality and demand for it has been considerably
increased from all the countries. With the change in lifestyle, especially in food habits, the use of powdered
spices has been increased. The average spice consumption in a household of five members is estimated at 100

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gm per person per month. In which, the powdered spice may be taken at 50%[4]. The conventional differential
system plays an important role while grinding spices. India is the world's biggest exporter of spices. There is
good scope for the domestic market for this commodity in processed form. The market for the export of spices is
encouraged in processed form as it will bring more value in addition to the unit price of whole spices. The
demand for spice powder is increasing day by day with the changing attitude as well as improvement in
purchasing power of the people. The products find a good market in the urban areas of the country particularly
within the state itself. To design automatic spices grinder with low cost with effective grinding[5]. The main
goal is to gain more productivity in less time for small-scale Industries[4].The idea of the project is to keep the
manufacturing process simple with the traditional taste. So, our project deals with the idea of re-developing the
mechanism for multi-purpose which is capable of effective grinding of spices while maintaining the taste
intact[6].

II. LITURATURE SURVEY/BACKGROUND

In this we studied that, the developed the pneumatic Can Crusher which is operated by air pressure. The air flow
is controlled by a valve which is operated manually. This paper involves the process of designing the crusher
manually and then it was transferred to solid modeling using design Software, because it gives a better
dimension of pneumatic can crusher compared to manual draw and is much easier to use and finally the design
was transformed to real product by means of fabrication[1].
In this we studied that, India is the largest producer and consumer of spices with a production of around 36.68
lakh tones. As of today, in the rural household, throughout the country the rural people use pounding method for
crushing. Spices are essential ingredients adding taste and flavor in food preparation. Spices powder can be
made from this Machine using some Mechanical arrangement. This mechanical arrangement incorporates chain
sprocket, gear box and grinding rods. Chain drives are normally used when power or motion or both of them are
to be transferred over a short distance. Our main objective is to crush the spices and get it in to powder by using
electric power supply[3].
In this we studied that, the crusher is designed based in the simple principle or a mechanism which is Crank and
Slotted Lever Mechanism where the rotary motion from the motor is converted into reciprocating motion by the
crank which is in-turn connected to the piston that crushes materials. The Designed components were then
assembled and analyzed using analysis software and the required dimensions of the crusher for the optimum
performance have been found[5].
In this paper, study aimed to determine the change of cutting knives decision depending on knife wear
phenomena, and its effect on hammer mill productivity and product quality. It can be done by tracing the knives
wear stages and determine its safe time range to replace the knives. The studied variables also are four concaves
hole diameters (2.5, 4.0, 8.0 and 12.0 mm), five operating hours of new knife, 150, 200, 250 and 300 h for corn
ear. While, for dough, are used two concaves hole diameters (2.5 and 4.0 mm) and operating hours of new knife,
200, 400, 600 and 800 h. The measurement includes specifications of knives, product quality and hammer mill
performance[7].

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In this study, the hammer mill with three different hammers having 2, 4 and 6 beaters was developed and
evaluated. Maize and guinea corn were crushed at 3 different angular speeds of the hammer rotations (2600 rpm,
3000 rpm and 3400 rpm). Each beater was fixed on the shaft at a time and machine was started. As soon as the
machine reached the required speed, 500g of sample was fed into the crushing chamber through the feed hopper.
The final product was collected, weighed. Fuel consumed during the operation and the time taken was recorded.
The process was replicated 3 times for both maize and guinea corn using the 3 hammers[8].
In this we studied that evaluate the performance of two types spice grinding machines currently used in Sri
Lanka namely pin (disk) mill and plate mill. The machines were evaluated for their performance in chili
grinding with a view to recommending the suitable machine or machinery combination for the Sri Lankan spice
processing industry. Their performance were evaluated in terms of particle size obtained after grinding; color of
ground chili; pungency level after grinding; fat content, moisture content, and fiber content of ground chili and
energy consumption per kilogram of processing chili powder[4].
In this study, hammer mill was designed and constructed from locally available materials for grinding grain
particles such as maize, millet, guinea corn and other coarse materials of cassava tuber, yam tuber, beans, etc.
into small size enough to pass through the holes of the cylindrical sieve positioned beneath the hammer
assembly. The grinding process is achieved by the use of a hammer in beating the material fed into fine
particles; the fineness aimed. Based on the power ratings and output shaft speed of the existing grinding
machines in industries like flour mill, it was found that the main shaft speed of 700 rpm transmitted by a belt
drive from a one-horse-power electric motor is suitable to mill effectively[9].
In this study was aimed at determining the effect of selected hammer mill design features on the efficiency of
grinding cereal grain. For the purpose of the study, a test stand was developed and constructed to test the
influence of the selected mill design features on the efficiency of grinding triticale. The study was conducted
with modern measurement equipment consisting of a torque meter with tachometer (MIR-20) and a two-channel
meter (MW2006-4) connected to a PC computer. Recording of the measured values was carried out using the
program PP203. The tested designs of the hammer mill differed mostly in the shape of the hammers. A
characteristic shape indicator was the hammer angle (α)[2].
In this we studied that, hammer mill working process optimization problem destined for milling energetic
biomass for the study, functional and constructive parameters of the hammer mill were taken into consideration
in order to reduce the specific energy consumption. For obtaining this the hammer mill was successively
equipped with 4 different types of hammers that grind the energetic biomass, which had certain humidity
content and an initial degree of reduction ratio of the material. In order to start the optimization process of
hammer mill working process, 12 parameters were defined. The objective functions which minimize hammer
mill energy consumption and maximize the milled material percentage with a certain specific granulation were
established. The results obtained can serve as the basis for choosing the optimal working, constructive, and
functional parameters of hammer mills in this field, and for a better design of future hammer mills[6].

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III. PROPOSED WORK/SYSTEM

As we researched in the market there were bulky machine, so we decided to made a machine for house
hold purpose with a feed rate of 2kg

UNDERSTANDING THE REQUIREMENT OF

COUSTOMER

STUDYING THE AVAILABLE MACHINE IN

INDUSTRIES

CREATING CONCEPT

SELECTION OF MATERIAL & DESIGN

CALCULATION

ANALYSIS OF CONCEPT AND IMPROVISE THE

CONCEPT

Fig 1: Methodology
As we finalized the topic, we started to look for the available machines in market and took them for
reference and come up with some concept as fallows
Concept 1:
Spices Processing Machine is Designed to Operate on an electrical 1 HP three-phase motor for the
smooth operation of spice processing by using Chain and Sprocket Mechanism and the Power for the Crusher
operation is taken from a 1440 rpm electrical motor as shown in fig 2. It is designed to use a three-phase motor
for the crusher operation as the power required for crushing the spices. The machine has been constructed in
such a way that it can be operated by an electric supply. The raw material is fed into the hammer mill through
the feed hopper. The feed hopper is chamfered to facilitate the unidirectional flow of the raw material by gravity
to the milling chamber. Here, the hammers strike the material which breaks into small pieces each time there is a
successful hit.

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 Fig 2: Concept 1

Concept 2:

Fig 3: Final Concept 2

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This is the single-process system. This is a small machine which is designed to grind 2kg of material. Which is
compact and can be easily assembled and disassembled and also can be transported to different parts of the
world.
There is a reduction of the process which helps the machine to be lightweight and to make it compact. There is
only a single process of hammering. It is designed to use a three-phase motor for the crusher operation as the
power required for crushing the spices. In this system, the raw material is fed into the hammer mill through the
feed hopper. The feed hopper is chamfered to facilitate the unidirectional flow of the raw material by gravity to
the hammering chamber. Here, the hammers strike the material which breaks into small pieces each time there is
a successful hit. The pulverized material is prevented from leaving the milling chamber until it has been
reduced to fine particles on subsequent impact by the hammers by the unique action of the mechanical
hammering. The perforated sheet acts as a separator that separates the fine powder from the rest of the raw
material by allowing the collector to collect the powder. There is also vibration provided to the hopper and the
perforated which act as a chani and let the power be collected without creating any blockage in the system. The
system is efficient for the mass production of all types of herbs, spices, and etc. This section attempts to show
the basic equations used in the design of the hammer mill and the principles adopted. The major components of
the machine include the hammers, shaft, bearing, mechanical separator, cyclone casing, and electric motor.

After consideration we decided to move forward with the concept 2.

IV. MATERIAL SELECTION AND HARDWARE COMPONENTS

A. Base frame
It is a critical part of the system as the hole mechanism rest. It is 2ft X 2ft a square suitable for the
compact machine design. It plays an important role in life for the system as it will equally distribute the weight
to the frame. It is made of sheet metal

Fig 4: BaseFrame
B. Industrial Motor
Electric motors produce linear or rotary force (torque) intended to propel some external mechanism, such
as a fan or an elevator. An electric motor is generally designed for continuous rotation or for linear movement
over a significant distance compared to its size. Magnetic solenoids produce significant mechanical force, but
over an operating distance comparable to their size.

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 Fig 5: Industrial Motor
C. Hammer Assembly
This is the main mechanism of the system as its sole purpose is to hammer the raw material and to grind it
the desired size of 12 Mes. The major components of the machine include the hammers, shaft, bearing, and
connector. The disc and belt which are used for skimming purposes are mounted on this shaft. With the help of
chain drive, it rotates, and eventually, the disc and the belt mounted on the shaft start rotate.

Fig 6: Hammer Assembly

D. Shaft
A shaft is a rotating machine element, circular in cross-section, which is used to transmit power from one
part to another. The various members such as pulleys and gears are mounted on it. The material used for
ordinary shafts is mild steel. When high strength is required, such as nickel, nickel-chromium, or chromium-
vanadium steel is used.

Fig 7 Shaft

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 E. Roller Bearing
A bearing is machine elements that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion and reduces
friction between moving parts Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are
classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or the directions of the loads (forces)
applied to the parts.

Fig 8: Roller Bearing

F. Hopper Assembly
A Casing is a substance or object that covers something and protects it. The casing is an important part
that protects the hammer. It also absorbs all the vibration and created is by the beating of the hammer. It is a
thick wall of sheet metal. It is directly connected to the feeder. We are using sheet metal as it is cost-effective as
of casting product.

Fig 9: Hopper Assembly

V. SUMMARY

Design and fabrication of spices processing machine is interesting in itself, as it required new and
different approaches to solve the problem from those which were used for fabrication of machine. It was better
to use existing technology to improve the performance of machine by using chain drive. Chain drives were
better suited in this application as they offered zero slip and occupied less space as compared to belt drive and
gear drive. Its transmission efficiency is as high as 98 percent. During the design & fabrication phase it was
considered that the smallest possible design was designed which could be easily manufactured from the local
market.

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[7] Ismail, N.; Fouda, O.; Ahmad, M.; Mosa, M. Influence of Knives Wear Phenomena on
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