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BChO 2011 - Solutions
BChO 2011 - Solutions
XIX Baltic
Chemistry
Olympiad
Theoretical Problems
Answer sheets
Code: ....................
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Σ
b)
Molecular equation:
Al2O3 +2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4]
c)
Calculations:
Ksp is so small that main source of OH- is water, not Al(OH)3. So we can assume that [OH-] =
1.0*10-7.
Al(OH)3 Al3+ + 3OH-
x 1.0*10-7
Mass = __1.0*10-9 g __
Student code:
d)
Calculations:
n(EDTA) = 0.0500 M *50.00 mL = 2.5 mmol
n(Zn2+) = 0.0500 M *23.25 mL = 1.1625 mmol
n(Al3+) = 2.5-1.1625 = 1.13375 mmol
e)
Isomers:
f)
Al2Cl6 molecule
Student code:
Problem 2 Beware of light!
1. Formulas for compounds:
A KI E I3 -
B KOH F Cl2
C I2 G KIO3
D KI3
Reaction 1: 5KI + 2H2O + O2 4KOH + I2 + KI3
Reaction 2: KI + I2 KI3
5.
KIO3 + 5KI + 6H+ 3I2 + 6K+ + 3H2O
IO3- + 6H+ + 5e- ½I2 + 3H2O Eo = 1,195 V (1)
½I2 + e- I- Eo = 0.536 V (2)
7. Partial rate orders: _1_ with respect to A and _1_ with respect to S2O82-.
2
Kinetic equation: rate = k [ I ][S 2O8 ]
8. Temperature calculations:
Reaction rate increases due to change of rate constant. Using Arrehinus equation:
k 25 E A 1 1
ln
kT R TT T25
k 25 42 000 1 1
ln ln 0.1
10 k 25 8.314 TT 298
1 1 8.314 ln 0.1
4.558 10 4
TT 298 42 000
1 1
4.558 10 4 2.9 10 3
TT 298
T 344.8 K 345 K 72 o C
9. Reaction time calculations:
For calculations use second order rate equation (as concentrations for all reactants are equal):
1 1
k t
C C0
1 1
3
0.011 t
0.1 10 1 103
t 818181s 227 h 230 h
Reaction time is ___230 ____ hours.
Student code:
Problem 3 Reacting gas
a) 3H2 + N2 = 2NH3
b)
3H2 N2 2NH3 Σ
t=0 n0 n0 0
t = ∞ n0 − 3yn0 n0 − 3yn0 2yn0 2n0 − 2yn0
x∞ n0 3 yn0 1 3y n0 yn0 1 y 2 yn0 2y 1
2n0 2 yn0 2 2 y 2n0 2 yn0 2 2 y 2n0 2 yn0 2 2 y
2y
xNH3
2 2y
2 2
pNH xNH p2 (2 2 y ) 2 4 y 2 1 16 (1 y ) y 2
Kp 3 3
3 3 3
pH2 pN2 xH2 p xN2 p (1 3 y )3 (1 y) p 2 (1 3 y )3 p 2
c)
2y 2 0.1111
xNH3 0.1111 y 0.1000
2 2y 2 2 0.1111
16 (1 y ) y 2 16 (1 y ) y 2 16 0.9 0.12
Kp p 51.2 bar
(1 3 y )3 p 2 (1 3 y ) 3 K p 0.7 3 1.60 10 4 bar 1
d)
A No B Yes
Calculations:
2H2 + CO = CH3OH
pCH3OH
r G r G RT ln 2
99pCH3OH 10 pCH3OH
1
21.21 kJ / mol 4.157 kJ / mol ln 2
2.11 kJ / mol
9900 0.1
Methanol would not form, equiligrium is shifter towards the production of reagent.
r G r G RT ln Q
e)
G
Q exp r Qmax 0.00608
RT
Q is maximal value, below this value methanol production is favorable.
Student code:
Problem 4 Smart robot
a)
AP B PCl5 C H3PO4 D HCl
b)
b) Equations
1 2P + 5Cl2 = 2PCl5
2 PCl5 + 4H2O = H3PO4 + 5HCl
3 HCl + NaOH = NaOH + HCl
4 H3PO4 + 3NaOH = Na3PO4 + 3H2O
c)
d)
1 2S + Cl2 = S2Cl2
g)
Calculations:
a) 100 %
b) 90 %
c) 75 %
d) 50 %
MeO OMe
Cl
Cl
(S)
(S) (R)
Cl Cl
OCOMe
Student code:
D: E:
F1: F2:
G1: G2:
a) enantiomers
b) structural isomers
c) diastereomers
d) conformers.
Student code:
Problem 6. Flat carbon
Answers