COLDWAR  SI

GNS-

1.Ahot
li
newasest
bbt
wAmer
icaandRussi
a.
DÉTENTE
2.SALT(st
rategi
carmsli
mit
ati
ont
alk)t
reat
ywassi
gnedi
n
1.Meaning-dét
entemeansper
manentr
elaxat
ionof 1972btwthesetwo.
i
nter
national
tensi
ons.
3.Presi
dentNi
xonofAmer
icapay
edt
wov
isi
tst
oMoscowi
n
2.Thef
ir
stsi
gnsofdét
enteappear
edinear
ly1970s,
probabl
y 1972&74.
duet
oconti
nuousf
earofnucl
earwar.
4.Br
ezhnevpay
edacount
erv
isi
ttoWashi
ngt
oni
n1973.
3.Themoti
vesbehi
nddét
ent
eamongstdi
ff
erentcount
ri
es
5.Amer
icadeci
dedt
oexpor
twheatt
oRussi
a.
were(
REASONSFORDETENE)
6.TheHelsi
nkiagreementwassi
gnedi
n1975r
ecogni
zi
ngt
he
a.Chi
nawasanx i
ousaboutheri
nter
nat
ional
isol
ati
onand
Eur
opeanfronti
ersaft
erWW2.
det
eri
orat
ingr
elat
ionswi
thRussia
7.At
tempt
stobreaktheisol
ati
onwasfi
rsti
nit
iat
edbychi
naby
b.Americawant
edtor ev
iset
hei
rVi
etnam pol
i
cyf
or
i
nvi
ti
ngAmeri
cantabletenni
steam
peaceful
co-
exi
stence
8.Ameri
car
espondedbynotusi
nghi
svet
opoweronChi
nese
c. Russi
awant
edt
oreduceexpendi
tur
eondef
ense
ent
eri
ngi
ntoUSA.
d.Russi
awantedtoi
ncreaset
hestandar
dofli
vingof
9.PresidentNi
xonandFor
dvi
sit
edPeki
ngi
n1972&75
Russi
anpeopl
eandthosepeopl
eofsatel
l
itestat
es.
respecti
vel
y.
e. Russi
awantedt
oel
iminatethet
hreati
nPol
andt
o
10.Ji
mmyCar
terwi
thdr
ewr
ecogni
ti
onofTai
wan.
dest
abil
i
zecommuni
stblocks.
11.Heal
sogav
erecogni
ti
ont
othePeopl
e’
sRepubl
i
cofChi
na
f
. Russi
awasal
soi
nbadt
ermswi
thchi
na.
i
n1979.
g.Fearofwester
nst at
est
hatt
heywoul
dbei
nthef
ront
li
ne
12.Anagreementwassi
gnedbt
wUSAandChi
naonnucl
ear
i
fnuclearwarbrokeout
cooper
ati
on.
h.Thev i
cechancell
orofGer
many(Will
i
eBr andt
)wantedt
o
13.I
nDecember1991Russi
agotspl
i
tint
oseparat
erepubl
ics
devel
opbet t
errel
ati
onswit
heastEuropeancount
ri
es
andt
hecommunistr
ulecametoanendaft
er75years.
(Ostpoli
ti
k)
ENDI
NGCOMMUNI
SM I
NPOLAND wasremoved.In1990elect
ions,Sol
idar
it
yleaderWal
esa
waselect
edpresi
dentandPol andgotri
dofcommunism.
1.Sol
idar
it
ydemandedr
efer
endum t
oendcommuni
sm i
n
1971.

2.Gener
alJar
uzel
ski
decl
aredMar
ti
all
aw.

3.Bandsol
i
dar
it
yandar
rest
edt
housandsofact
ivi
sts. ROLEOFRONALDREGANANDGEORGEBUSHI
NTHE
DI
SINTEGRATI
ONOFUSSR-
4.I
n1983t
hemar
ti
all
awwasl
i
fted
REGAN-
5.Sol
i
dar
it
ymember
swer
egr
adual
l
yrel
eased.
1.Hisspeechathi salmamat ert
hatsovi
etuni
onempi r
ewas
6.Howev
erat
tempt
stoi
mpr
oveeconomyf
ail
ed.
fal
teringbecozofr i
gidcentral
i
zedcontr
olwhichhad
7.Prot
est
sandstrikesbr
okeoutagai
nstJar
uzel
ski
att
emptt
o destroy edi
ncent
ivesforinnovati
on,
eff
ici
encyandindiv
idual
cutgov
tsubsi
dies. achiev ement.

8.Tal
kstookpl
acei
nFebr
uar
y1989bt
wSol
i
dar
it
yandot
her 2.Hetol
dt heBri
ti
shparl
iamentthatsovietuni
onwasgri
pped
opposi
ti
ongr
oups. byagreatrev
oluti
onar
ycri
sisandt hatadroveacampai
gn
off
reedom wouldprev
ail
.
9. RecommendedSol
i
dar
it
ytobecomeapol
i
tical
par
ty.
3.Aseri
esoftopsecretofnati
onal
secur
it
ydeci
sions
10.I
nt helowerhouseoft
hepar
li
ament,65%ofseat swere
di
rect
iveswer
etakenbyhi m.
reser
vedforthecommuni
st,theupperhousethatist
he
Senatewast obefr
eel
yel
ect
edw/ oseatreser
vationf
or 4.NSDB(
nati
onalsecur
it
ydecisi
ondir
ect
ive)66st
atedt
hatUS
femini
st. pol
i
cytodi
sruptthesovi
eteconomy.

11.Botht
hehousestoget
herwi
l
lel
ectt
hepr
esi
dentandt
hen 5.NSDB75statedt
hatUSwoul
dnolongercoex
istw
thi
spr
esi
dentwil
lchoseaPM. sov
iet
___
____
_butwoul
dseektochangeit
.

12.Int
heelect
ionsof1989,
Soli
dari
tywon92seat
sinSenat
e 6.Hissupporttopr
of r
eedom f
orcesi
nAfghani
stanandsuppl
y
and160seatsinthel
owerhouse. ofsti
ngergroundtoairmi
ssil
estoMuj
ahiddi
nin
Afghani
stan
13.Heappoi
ntedanon-communi
stasPM.
7.Thest
rat
egi
cdef
ensei
nit
iat
ivesl
i
keSt
arWar
sbecame
14.I
n1990,
ther
eser
vedseat
sforcommuni
sti
nlowerhouse
 def
ensepol
i
cyofUS. 1.Announcedi
nJune1944

8.I
noct1983,Regansent2000Amer
icantr
oopst
oisl
andof 2.Wasaneconomi
cext
ensi
onoft
heTr
umandoct
ri
ne
Grenedat
ooustMarxistr
egi
mesupport
edbySovi
etUni
on.
3.Ameri
cansecretaryofst
ate,
Mar
shal
lpr
oducedhi
s
9.I
nJune1987,
hechal
l
engedGor
bachavt
oputdownt
hewar
. Eur
opeanrecoveryprogr
amme.

10.I
n1980inMoscow,hedeliver
edanaddr
essonbl essi
ngsof 4.Thepl
anoffer
edeconomi
candf
inanci
alhel
pwhenev
eri
t
democr
acyi
ndi
vidual
freedom andf
reeent
erpr
ise. wasneeded.

5.Hedeclar
edthatit
sdirect
ednotagainstanycount
ryor
doct
ri
nebutagainstpovert
y,desper
ati
onandchaos.
GEORGEBUSH-
6.Ot
herthanhumani
tar
ianconcernsaprosperousEur
ope
1.Heresist
edthetempt
ati
ontoaggr
essi
vel
yexecut
e
woul
dprovi
delucr
ati
vemarketsforAmericanexpor
ts.
Americanpr
essureonot
hersi
deof___
____
__
7.Butt
hepoli
ti
cal
aim wasthatcommuni
sm wasl
essl
i
kel
yto
2.Healsodi
dnotrespondt
oogol
dlyt
othedr
amat
icchanges
gai
ncont
roli
naf l
our
ishi
ngwester
nEurope.
occur
ri
nginUSSR.
8.BySeptember16,1947Europeannat
ionshaddr
awnupa
3.Bushshowedrest
rai
nti
nNovember1989whenthe
j
ointpl
anforusi
ngAmer i
canaid.
col
lapsi
ngcommunistr
egi
meineastGermanyopenedi
ts
border
sandGermanspour
eddowntheboil
ingwar. 9.Duri
ngt
henextf
ewyearsover13bi
l
li
ondol
l
arsofmar
ti
al
ai
dfl
owedi
ntowest
ernEurope.
4.I
nDecember1989,hemetGor
bachevinMaltatodiscuss
ar
msreduct
ionandimposi
ngUSSovietr
elat
ions. 10.I
tfost
eredt
her
ecov
eryofagr
icul
tur
eandi
ndust
ry

5.I
nJune1990,t
heyagainmetatWashingt
ontosi
gnan 11.Mol
otovcondemnedi
tas$i
mper
ial
i
sm.
agr
eementt
oreducethei
rnucl
earar
senals.
12.USSRr ej
ectedtheof
ferandit
ssat
ell
i
test
atesincl
udi
ng
r
d
6.I
nJuly1991,t
heymetfort
he3 ti
mei nMoscowtosignthe Czechoslov
akiawerenotall
owedt
otakei
nteresti
nit
.
STARtreat
ywhichr
educedcol
l
ect
ivenucl
earwarheadsby
one-
thi
rd.
CUBAMISSILECRI
SISLEDTOANESCALATI
ONOF
I
NTERNATIONALTENSIONSANDPUSHEDTHEWORLDTO
MARSHALLPLAN- THEBRI
NKOFANUCLEARWAR.DI SCUSS.
1.Cubabecameinvol
vedi
nthecol
dwari n1959whenCast
ro 14.Kennedybecamecaut
iousandal
ter
edt
heAmer
icant
roops.
whohadjustsei
zedpowerf
rom Bat
ist
a
15.Hebeganbl
ockadeofCuba.
2.Theoutr
agedUSAnat
ional
i
zedAmer
icanownedest
ates
16.Demandedt
hedi
smant
li
ngofmi
ssi
l
esi
tesandr
emov
alof
andfact
ori
es
missi
l
es.
3.AsCuba’sr
elat
ionswi
thUSAwor
sened,
thosewi
thUSSR
17.All
thesebr
oughttotensi
onsandbr
oughtt
hewor
ldt
othe
i
mproved.
ver
geofanuclearwar.
4.I
nJanuar
y1961,
Amer
icabr
okeof
fdi
plomat
icr
elat
ionswi
th
18.TheUNSecretar
yGener
alUThantappeal
edt
obot
hsi
des
Cuba.
forr
est
rai
nts
5.Russi
ansi
ncr
easedt
hei
reconomi
cai
dtoCuba.
19.Khrushchevpr
omi
sedt
odi
smant
let
hesi
tesandr
emov
ethe
6.Asmallinv
adi
ngf
orceof1400menl
andedatBayofPi
gsi
n missil
es.
Apr
il1961
20.I
nret
urnKennedypr
omi
sednott
oinv
adeCubaagai
n.
7.Thi
sinv
asi
onwaseasi
l
ycr
ushedbyCast
ro’
sfor
ces.
21.Kennedyunder
tookt
odi
sar
mtheJupi
termi
ssi
l
esi
nTur
key
8.SoonCast
roannouncedt
hatCubawasasoci
ali
stcount
ry.
22.Atel
ephoneHotLi
newasi
ntr
oducedbt
wMoscowand
9.Kennedyconti
nuedtocampai
gnagainstCastroanddestr
oy Washi
ngton
Cuba.Eg-bysi
nkingCubanmerchantshi
ps,sabotagi
ng
i
nstal
lat
iononisl
and,et
c
TRUMANDOCTRI
NE

10.Asar
esul
tCast
rohadt
oappeal
toRussi
aformi
l
itar
yhel
p. 1.Thissprangf
rom ev
entsi
nGreecewher
ecommuni
stswer
e
tr
yingtoover
thr
owt hemonar
chy.
11.Khrushchevdeci
dedt
osetupnucl
earmissi
l
elaunchersi
n
CubaaimedatUSAwhosenearestpoi
ntwaslessthan100 2.Br
it
ishtr
oopshadrest
oredt
hemonar
chybutt
heycoul
dno
mil
esf r
om Cuba. l
ongersuppor
tit
.

12.Later
hisi
ntent
ionwastoi
nst
all
missi
leswit
har angeof 3.Thecommunist
srecei
vedhel
pfr
om Al
bani
a,Bul
gar
iaand
2000mi l
esthr
eateni
ngmaj
orAmeri
cancit
ies. Yugosl
avi
a.

13.Kennedy
’smili
tar
yadv
iser
sur
gedhi
mtol
aunchai
rst
ri
kes 4.ErnestBevi
n,t
heBr
it
ishf
orei
gnmi
nist
erappeal
edt
otheUS
agai
nstthebases. forhelp.
 5.Truman,theUSPresi
dentannouncedi
nmarch1947thatthe b)Theyl
i
ftedt
hev
etoandt
headmi
ssi
onofsi
xteennewmember
s
USAwoul dsuppor
tthepeopl
ewhower et
hreat
enedby i
ntheUN
communism recei
vedmassiveamount
sofarmsandot her
c)Thequarr
elwi
thYugosl
avi
awasheal
edwhenKhr
ushchevpai
da
suppl
ies.
vi
sitt
oTit
o
6.By1949,
thecommuni
stswer
edef
eat
ed.
d)TheCominf
orm’
wasabandonedget
ti
ngmor
efr
eedom f
or
7.Turkeywhi
chal
soseemedundert
hreatr
ecei
vedai
dwor
th sat
ell
i
test
ates
about$60m
7.Aust
ri
anSt
atet
reat
yin1945
8.TheTrumanDoctr
inemadei
tcl
earthatUShadnoi
ntent
ion
a)Att
heendoft
hewari
n1945,
Aust
ri
awasdi
vi
dedi
nto4zones
ofr
eturni
ngt
oisol
ati
onasshehad,
afterww1
b)The3powerzoneswer
erecoveredwher
easRussi
ansi
nsi
stedon
9.USAwascommi
tt
edt
oapol
i
cyofcont
aini
ngcommuni
sm.
squeez
ingr
epar
ati
onsfr
om these.
10.USAwant edtocont
aincommuni
sm notjusti
nEur
opebut
c)Inearl
y1945t
heRussi
answer
eper
suadedt
obemor
e
thr
oughouttheworl
dincl
udi
ngKoreaandViet
nam.
cooperat
ive
WHYWASTHEREATHAW I
NCOLDWARAFTER1953?
d)Asaresul
tal
loccupyi
ngtroopsofRussi
awer
ewi
thdr
awnand
1.Deat
hofSt
ali
n Aust
ri
abecameindependentin1937

2.Emergenceofnewl
i
ber
all
eader
sli
keKhr
ushchev
,Mal
enkov
, REASONSFORCHANGEI
NTHEATTI
TUDEOFUSA
Bul
gani
n GOVERNMENTTOWARDSRACI
ALDI
SCRI
MINATI
ONI
NUSA
3.Theseli
ber
all
eader
swantedt oi
mproverelat
ionswit
hUSAand 1.I
n1946Presi
dentTr
umanappoi
ntedacommi
tt
eet
oinv
est
igat
e
wantedtofol
l
owapolicyofpeacef
ulcoexi
stencewit
hthewest
. ci
vi
lri
ght
s.
4.McCar
thywasdi
scr
edi
tforhi
sant
icommuni
stsf
eel
i
ngsi
n1954 2.I
trecommendedthatCongr
essshoul
dpassl
awst
ost
opRaci
al
di
scri
minat
ioni
njobs.
5.Eisenhowerannouncedi
nSenat
ethatAmer
icanswant
edt
obe
fr
iendlywit
hUSSR 3.Al
l
owbl
ackst
oexer
ciset
hei
rri
ghtt
ovot
e.
6.I
mpor
tantconcessi
onswer
emadebyUSSR 4.Somepoli
ti
cianswerewor
ri
edbecausetheyf
eltt
hati
twasnot
moral
lyr
ightt
ot r
eatf
ell
ohumanbeingsi
nsuchanunfai
rway.
a)USSRagr
eedt
ogi
veupt
hei
rmi
l
itar
ybasei
nFi
nland
5.Excl
udingbl
ackpeopl
efr
om t
opj
obswasawast
eoft
alentand 17.The1957civ
ilr
ight
sactsetupacommi
ssi
ont
oinv
est
igat
ethe
expert
ise. deni
alofvot
ingri
ghtst
obleackpeopl
e.

6.I
twasi
mpor
tantt
odosomet
hingt
ocal
mthebl
ackpopul
ati
on. 18.The1960ci
vi
lri
ght
sactpr
ovi
dedhel
pforbl
ackst
oregi
steras
voter
s.
7.Theywer
ebecomi
ngmor
eout
spokeni
nthei
rdemandf
orci
vi
l
ri
ghts. BERLI
NBLOCKADE-
8.TheUSAcoul dhardlycl
aimt
obeagenui
nel
yDemocrat
iccount
ry 1.I
tar
oseoutofdi
sagr
eementov
ert
reat
mentofGer
many
.
andleaderofthefreeworl
dwhen10%ofi
tspopul
ati
onweredeni
ed
voti
ngandot herr
ights. 2.Ear
ly1948,
t heprosper
it
yofwestberl
induet
omar
ti
alai
d
wasacontrasttopovert
yofeastber
li
n.
9.Theypoi
ntedoutthatthi
sgav etheUSSRachancetocondemn
theUSasaconsistentoppressorofunpr
ivi
l
egedpeopl
e. 3.Westwant
edr
euni
onofal
l4zonesbutSt
ali
nopposedi
t.

10.TheAmer
icangov
ernmentwant
edt
hisexcuset
ober
emov
ed. 4.I
nJune1948,
westi
ntr
oducedanewcur
rency
.

11.Nati
onali
sm wasgrowingrapi
dlyi
nAsi
aandAfri
cawhere 5.Endedpr
icecont
rol
inwestber
li
n.
count
ri
eslikeIndi
aandIndonesi
awereonthepoi
ntofgai
ning 6.Russi
aopposedt
het
wodi
ff
erentcur
renci
esi
nthesameci
ty.
i
ndependence.
7.Russiawasal
soembarr
assedbyt
hecontrastbet
weent
he
12.Thesenewst
atesmightt
urnagai
nsttheUSAandtowards prosper
it
yandpov
ert
yofwestandeastberl
in.
communism i
fAmeri
canwhitescont
inuedt
hei
runfai
rtr
eat
mentof
bl
acks. 8.Russiacl
osedal
lroad,
rai
landcanal
lanesbet
weenwest
berl
i
nandwestGer many.
13.Overthenextf
ewyear
sthegov er
nmentandsupremecour
t
i
ntroducednewlawst
obringaboutraci
alequal
i
ty. 9.Aim wast
oforcewesttowi
thdr
awf
rom westber
li
nby
reduci
ngi
ttostar
vat
ion.
14.Separat
eschool
sforbl
acksandwhi
teswer
emadei
l
legal
and
unconsti
tut
ional
. 10.Westdeci
dedt
oai
rl
if
tthesuppl
i
est
owestber
li
n.

15.School
shadt obedesegr
egat
edwithal
ldel
i
berat
espeedwhi
ch 11.Tr
umansentafleetofB-
29bomber
stobeposi
ti
onedon
meantthatbkackchi
ldr
enhadtoatt
endwhit
esschool
sandvi
ce Br
it
ishai
rf
iel
ds
ver
sa. 12.2mi
l
li
ont
onnesofsuppl
i
eswer
eai
rl
if
ted.
16.Somebl
ackpeopl
ehadt
obei
ncl
udedi
nal
lj
uri
es.
 13.I
nMay1949,
Russi
ansl
i
ftedt
hebl
ockade. Czech’
sconnect
ionwi
thWesti
nter
esti
nMar
shal
lAi
d.

Resul
ts– 8.Sever
alRussi
andi
vi
sionsi
nAust
ri
awer
emov
edupt
oCzech
fr
onti
ers.
1.Theout
comegaveagr
eatpsy
chol
ogi
cal
boostt
othe
west
ernpower
s. 9.Thebri
dgebet
weenEastandWestwasgoneandt
hei
ron
cur
tai
nwascomplet
e.
2.I
tbr
oughtr
elat
ionswi
thRussi
atot
hei
rwor
stev
er.
WARSAW PACT(4MAY,
1955)
3.I
tcausedthewest
ernpower
stocoor
dinat
ethei
rdef
enses
byt
hef or
mati
onofNATO. 1. Russi
ast
rongl
yprot
estedagainstt
hei
ncl
usi
onofWest
Germanyi
ntothi
sorganizat
ion.
I
tmeantt
hatsi
ncenocompromisewaspossi
bleGermanywas
doomedt
oremaindi
vi
dedfort
heunfor
eseeabl
efutur
e. 2.Russiafor
medar i
val
organi
zat
ionwi
tht
heEast
ern
Europeancount
ri
es.
COMMUNI
STTAKEOVEROFCZECHOSLOVAKI
A
3.Thecountr
iesli
kePoland,
Hungar
y,Czechosl
ovaki
a,
1.Marshal
lpl
ant
hatmi
ghthav
eeasedt
hecont
inui
ngf
ood
Bul
gari
a,Albani
a,andEastGer
manyconcludedthe
shor
tage.
WarsawPactonMay ,
1955.
2.Communist
sdeci
dedtoactbef
oreel
ect
ionsandsei
zed
4.Thepactprov
idedforajoi
ntcommandoft
hear
med
poweri
nanarmedcoup.
for
cesofthesignat
ori
es.
3.Al
lnon-communi
stsmi
nist
ersr
esi
gnedex
cept
-Venesand
5.Moscowbecamet
heheadquar
ter
soft
heseuni
fi
ed
Masary
k.
f
orces.
4.Af
ewday
slat
er,
Masar
ykwasf
oundmur
der
edi
nhi
sof
fi
ce.
YALTACONFERENCE
5.Elect
ionswer
eheldi
nMay1947,
wit
honl
yCommuni
stpar
ty
1.I
twasdeci
dedtofor
m ani
nter
nati
onalor
gani
zat
ion(UNO)
candidat
espar
ti
ci
pat
ed.
f
ort
hepreser
vat
ionandmai
ntenanceofi
nter
nat
ionalpeace.
6.Wester
npower sandUNpr ot
est
edbutcouldnottakeany
2.I
twasr
esol
vedt
omakeGer
manyf
reef
rom Nazi
inf
luence.
act
ionbecausetheycoul
dnotprov
eRussianinvol
vementin
i
t. 3.Germanywouldbediv
idedi
ntofourzones,
eachundert
he
cont
rolofAmeri
ca,
Brit
ain,
FranceandRussia.
7.Howev
er,
ther
ewasnodoubtt
hatSt
ali
ndi
sappr
oved
 4.Si
mil
arar
rangement
swer
etobemadef
orAust
ri
a. call
edasFRG(Federal
Republ
icofGer
many
)andGDR
(GermanDemocrat
icofGermany)
.
5.Li
beralr
efor
msweret
obeint
roducedi
nGer
manyandNazi
warcri
minal
shav
etobepuni
shed. 6.Ber
li
nwhichf
eltunderEast
ernzoneswasal
sodivi
dedanda
cor
ri
dorwasgi
v enforwest
ernzonest
ohaveassesstowest
6.Ger
manyhadt
opayheav
yrepar
ati
ont
otheAl
l
iedPower
s
Ber
li
n.
7.Fr
eeelect
ionsshoul
dbeal
l
owedi
ntheEast
ernEur
opean
7. AsRussiahadsuf
fer
edhugel
ossesshewast
ogethal
fof
St
ates.
ther
eparati
ontobepai
dbyGer
many .
8.ThefateofPol andwasal sodecidedher e.Whent heRussia
8.Not
hingwassai
daboutt
her
euni
onoft
hef
ourzonesof
armysweptt hroughPol and,acommuni stgov er
nmentwas
Ger
many.
setupthere.Butt herewasanot herPolishgov er
nmenti n
exi
leatLondon.I twasdeci dedatYal t
at hatsomemember s 9.Nodi
scussi
oncoul
dbetakenontheEastofOder
-Neisse
ofthatnon-communi stgovernmentshoul dbeallowedto r
egi
onofGermanywasalr
eadyoccupi
edbyRussians.
j
oinCommuni stgov ernment.Inretur
n, Russiawasal l
owed
tokeepast ri
pofEast er
nPolandwhi chsheannexedi n1939. Mikhai
lGor
bachevandhi
srol
einendi
ngcommuni
st
r
ule
9.I
nt hetreaty
, Russi
a’sspeciali
nterestwasr ecogni
zedinthe
FarEast,Sout hSakhal
in,Kuril
eIslandsandpor tAr
thurwere 1.MikhailGor
bachevcamet
opoweri
n1985af
tert
hef
all
of
giventoRussi aandheraut hori
tyov erout
erMongol i
awas Khrushchev.
reorganiz
ed.Ast hepriceofpar t
icipati
oni
nt hewar,Russi
an
armyoccupi edsomet erri
tori
esinManchur i
a. 2.Hewant
edt
otr
ansf
orm USSR

3.Heplannedtoachiev
etransf
ormat
ionofSovi
etUni
onby
POTSDAM CONFERENCE
modernizi
ngandstreamli
ningt
hecommunistpar
ty
1.Ger
manywasdi
sar
med.
4.Hecamef
orwar
dwi
tht
wonewpol
i
ciesGl
asnostandPer
est
roi
ka
2.Nazi
Par
tywasbanned.
5.Glasnostpol
i
cyofopennesst
arget
edhumanr
ight
sandcul
tur
al
3.Awart
ri
bunal
wasest
abl
i
shedt
otr
yNazi
warcr
imi
nal
s. aff
airs

4.Germanywasdi
videdi
ntof
ourzoneseachunderUSA,
USSR, 6.Descendant
swer
erel
eased
Bri
tai
nandFr
ance.
7.Sakar
avswasal
l
owedt
oret
urnt
oMoscow
5.ThezoneunderUSA,
Bri
tai
n,Fr
ancej
oinhandandwer
e
8.Leader
sli
keBukhar
inwer
edecl
aredi
nnocentofal
lcr
imes 1.In1987Gor
bachevannouncednewst
owar
dsi
nter
nal
conf
li
ctsi
n
thepart
y
9.Pr
avdawasal
l
owedt
opr
intar
ti
clescr
it
ici
zi
ngBr
ezhnev
.
2.Member
sofl
ocal
sov
iet
swer
enowt
obeel
ect
edbyt
hepeopl
e
10.Newlawwasintr
oducedt
opr
eventdecedent
sfr
om bei
ngsent
tomentali
nst
it
uti
ons 3.Ther
ewast
obechoi
ceofcandi
dat
esf
ort
hepeopl
e

11.I
mpor
tantpol
i
tical
event
swer
etel
evi
sed 4.Secr
etel
ect
ionswer
etobehel
dfort
oppar
typosi
ti
ons

12.I
ncult
uralmatter
sandt hemedi
awer
eal
l
owedt
oel
ectmor
e 5.El
ect
ionswer
eal
sot
obehel
dinf
act
ori
est
ochoosemanager
s
i
ndependentmindedleader
s
6.TheSupr
emeSovietwast
oberepl
acedbyaCongressof
13.Bannedant
iSt
ali
nfi
l
msandnov
elswer
eshownandpubl
i
shed peopl
e'
sdeput
iest
oelectanewandmuchsmall
erSoviet

14.Wor
ksofOsi
pMandel
stam (
poet
)wer
epl
annedt
opubl
i
sh 7.Thesemeasur
eswer
eopposedbyr
adi
cal
sandconser
vat
ives

15.Ther
ewasf
reedom t
opubl
i
sh 8.Theeconomi
cref
ormsdi
dnotproducequi
ckresul
tsandi
twas
bel
iev
edthatUSSRwasgoi
ngt
hrougheconomiccri
sis
Per
est
roi
ka
9.I
nfl
ati
onwentv
eryhi
ghandt
her
ewasgov
ernmentdef
ici
t
Rest
ruct
uri
ngeconomy
10.Ther ewereshor
tageofgoodssuchassoap,
washi
ngpowder
,
1.1987wast
obetheyearf
ori
mpl
ement
ati
onofnewmet
hodsof razorblades,
TVsetsandfood.Peoplewer
eoutr
agedatt
he
economi
cmanagement shortages
2.Smal l
scaleinstit
uti
onswereper
mi t
tedtof l
ouri
shsuchasfami l
y 11.Thetr
adeuni
onsdeci
dedt
ogoonst r
ikeandputforwar
dfort
y
restaurants,f
ami lybusi
nessl
i
kemaki ngclothesorhandi
craf
tsor twodemandbett
erl
ivi
ngandwor
kingcondi
ti
ons,bet
tersuppl
yof
providingservi
cesl i
kekhadandTVr epai
rs,paint
inganddecorat
ing, food,
shari
ngi
nprof
it
setc
priv
at etuti
onset c.
12.Thegov
ernmentaccept
edmostoft
hedemandsandt
hest
ri
ke
3.Wor
kerscooperat
iveswer
esetupt
opr
ovi
decompet
it
iont
osl
ow wasover
andi
neff
ici
entst
ateservi
ces
THECOUPOFAUGUST1991I
NRUSSI
A
4.Responsi
bil
i
tyf
orqual
i
tycont
rol
fori
ndust
ri
algoodswas
1.Gor
bachevwaspushedbyr
adi
cal
sli
keBor
isYel
tsi
ntowar
dsf
ree
Pol
i
tical
changes andmult
ipart
yel
ecti
ons
2.Hewasopposedbyhar
dli
ner
swi
thi
nthecommuni
stpar
ty. 18.Ukr
ainedecl
aredi
ndependence

3.Yel
tsi
nresi
gnedf
rom communi
stpar
ty 19.Yeltsi
nannouncedanewar
rangementt
hati
scommonweal
th
ofindependentst
ates
4.Demandf
ori
ndependencef
ort
her
epubl
i
csf
ort
hesov
ietst
ates
20.USSRceasedt
oexi
standGor
bachevr
esi
gnedonChr
ist
masday
5.Demonst
rat
ionsofBal
ti
cSt
ates
of1991
6.Geor
giadecl
aresi
ndependencei
n1991
NATO[NORTHATLANTI
CTREATYORGANI
ZATI
ON]
7.Gorbachevnegot
iat
ionswi
threpubl
icst
oform av
olunt
aryuni
on (
1948)
gi
vingthem fr
eedom f
rom Moscow'scont
rol
1.For
mat
ionofNATOt
ookpl
aceon1948.
Thesewer
esomer
eason
2.I
twasf
ormedagai
nstRussi
anBl
oc.
8.Coupl
aunchedbysomehar
dli
ner
sofcommuni
stpar
ty
3.I
twasf
ormedduet
ouneasi
nessi
nmi
l
itar
ypr
epar
ati
onsof
9.Gor
bachevwhowasonhol
i
dayi
nKeny
awaspl
acedunderhouse
t
heWest.
arr
est
4.I
twasanaddi
ti
ont
othedef
enset
reat
ysi
gnedatBr
ussel
s.
10.Coupl
eader
sdecl
aredemer
gencyandbr
oughtt
anksandt
roops
i
nto 5.NATOpr
omi
sedmi
l
itar
ycol
l
abor
ati
oni
ncaseofwar
.

11.Coupwaspoor
lyor
gani
zedandl
eader
sfai
l
edt
oar
restYel
tsi
n 6.I
tagr
eedtor
egar
dandat
tackonar
myoft
hem asanat
tack
onal
loft
hem.
12.Yel
tsi
ntookchar
geoft
hepr
otest
sbutar
mywasr
eluct
antt
o
usefor
ceonitsownpeopl
e 7.Thedef
ensef
orcesofNATOwer
eputunderaj
ointNATO
command.
13.Coupl
eader
swer
edef
eat
edandar
rest
ed
8.Thi
sledt
oAmeri
cansabandoni
ngt
hei
rpol
i
cyof’
NO
14.Gor
bachevr
etur
nedt
oMoscow
ENTANGLI
NGALLIANCE’
.
15.Communi
stspar
tywasdi
scr
edi
tedandbannedi
nRussi
a
9.I
tsmember ’
sstateswereAmerican,
Br i
tai
n,Fr
ance,
Ital
y,
16.Ri
seofYel
tsi
ntopowerandGor
bachevwassi
del
i
ned Canada,Bel
gium,Denmark,
Luxembur g,Norway,
Portugal
,
I
celand,
Netherl
and,Gr
eece,andTurkey.
17.Yel
tsi
nbegantor
uleRussi
aasasepar
atest
atemov
ingt
ofr
ee
marketeconomy