AES Nt The Alfa Laval Cleaning In Place Procedures for Plate Heat Exchangers <<, Revision 5 / 2022-06-17Table of Contents Contents 1, General 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Environmental Regulations and Cleaning 1.3. Safety instructions. 1.3.1 Warning! 17 1.3.2. Personal Protective Equipment. Why use Alfa Laval Cleaning agents Warning: Chemicals NOT to be used. Safety Notice — Lethal Hydrogen Sulfide gas (H:S) .. 1.6.1 Where is HaS found 1.6.2. What CIP equipment to use. 1.6.3 How to clean safely today Importance of proper sizing of CIP equipment and usage of liquids. 1.7.1 Sufficient volume for the whole cleaning process 1.7.2. No flooding. 1.7.3 Sizing guidelines . Recommendations to avoid surprises... NN NAN NS oa00 o oaaan Cleaning in Place-programs (CIP), clean a closed heat exchanger... Program # 1 Calcium carbonate/in-organic scaling. Program # 2 Calcium carbonate/in-organic scaling (Re-usage) . Program # 3 Calcium carbonate scaling, green-line. Program # 4 Calcium carbonate scaling with powder form chemicals Program # 5 Biological/Organic fouling (without scaling) Program # 6 Biological/Organic fouling (without scaling) — Re-usage. Program # 7 Biological/Organic fouling with in-organic scaling in the organic fouling Program # 8 Biological/Organic fouling with in-organic scaling in the organic fouling (Re-usage) Program # 9 Organic fouling, green-line Manual cleaning of opened PHE, single plates.. 7 Manual cleaning of Semi welded cassettes of opened PHE When is the heat exchanger up for cleaning, cleaning intervals General signs Cleaning interval dependencies. Monitor intervals with Alfa Laval Page 2/30Important considerations prior to cleaning .. 5.1 General. os ns 5.2 Fouling groups. 5.2.1 The organic fouling group. 5.22. Inorganic fouling 5.2.3. Appearance is often a mixture.. 5.3 CIP program preparations 5.3.1 Waste handling 5.3.2. Setting up the PHE 24 5.3.3 How much cleaning liquid is to be used? 2 5.3.4 Verily your volume calelations and the safe procedures before going live" to aVOId SUIPTISOS...nsnrnnnnnnnee so ssnnnnnnnnsnisns 5.3.5 Safe filling and drainage of cleaning agent from heat exchanger... 22 5.4 Correct cleaning temperature 5.4.1 Minimize down time of the Heat Exchanger to be cleaned 23 5.4.2. How long does it take to reach the correct cleaning temperature? 24 5.4.3. Hints of how to set up the supportive heating ....msnnnnnnnne 25 5.4.4 The effect of trapped AIR on the secondary side. 25 5.5 Flow of cleaning liquid. 5.5.1 Always keep the cleaning liquid in circulation! ...snnmnnnnnnennen 26 5.5.2 What flow is needed? ...nnnnnnnnnn senna: 26 5.6 CIP program cleaning stop.. 5.6.1 The cleaning is done. 26 5.6.2 No cleaning effect from start... 5.6.3. FIUSN socsnnnnnnansinennnnnnns 5.7 Handling of used cleaning agents and waste 5.7.1 Neutralization of used cleaning agents UPDATED. ar 5.7.2. Waste handling ...cnnnnnes a 58 Precautions when cleaning Copper Brazed Heat Exchangers (CB /BHE)..28 5.8.1 Acidic cleaning (inorganic)... 5.8.2 Alkaline cleaning (organic) 28 5.8.3. Value guidance for safe alkaline cleaning of BHE 28 5.8.4 Cleaning recommendations of BHE from Alfa Laval MT&C ...cnsnnn 28 5.9 Precautions when cleaning stainless steel. 5.10 Some comments about titanium. 5.11 Cleaning Semi Welded cassettes. Revision history Page 3/30TFA ant 1. General 11 Introduction ‘This document is presenting information of how to clean heat exchangers in a safe and efficient way without opening the heat exchanger or disconnecting it from its position in the production system. This is called Cleaning In Place, from here-on named CIP. ‘The purpose of aiming to keep heat exchangers clean is to give the owner full value of the equipment invested in for a cooling/heating process. A variety of topics are covered and must be considered for the safety of the personal, equipment and environment when performing cleaning of the heat exchanger. 1.2 Environmental Regulations and Cleaning ‘As a rule, cleaning solutions are strong alkaline or acidic liquids. Alkalinity or acidity of the cleaning solution is reduced during the cleaning process, but the solutions are still strong acids or alkalis. In several cases, industrial plants (particularly chemical plants) have waste treatment utilities that are capable of handling cleaning agent effluents. This simplifies the cleaning process since neutralization is not necessary. However, the situation gets more complicated when waste treatment utilities are not available for treatment of cleaning waste. In these cases, the cleaning chemicals need to be neutralized prior to discharge. ‘We do not recommend neutralization when circulating in the heat exchanger though there is a risk of getting a reaction between the liquids that can be difficult to control, The neutralization may be performed either directly in the circulation tank following each cleaning procedure with immediate discharge or in a separate storage tank, We recommend the neutralized chemicals to be analyzed for any type of hazardous compounds that were removed from the system prior to disposal. The fouling deposits may contain heavy metals or other toxic compounds. Check th your local authority for regulation of wastewater disposal. Page 4/30TFA ant 13 Safety instructions 134 Warning! Corrosive cleaning liquids. Can cause serious injuries to skin and eye! 1.32 Personal Protective Equipment Cleaning agents used for CIP are strong acid or alkaline liquids. They can cause ‘serious injuries to skin and eyes. Read instructions on the containers of the liquids on what actions to take if liquid should get into contact with skin or eye. When CIP unit is in use, wear the proper personal protective clothing: Safely boots must Safety gloves must Eye-protection be worn be worn must be worn Face visor to Breathing Apron to protect. Protective clothing protect from splash protection to avoid from splash ‘as Chemical inhaling cleaning resistant splash agent vapor suit Itis strongly recommended to have a Safety Shower and an Eye Wash Station in the working area! Page 5/30TFA ant 1.4 Why use Alfa Laval Cleaning agents + The liquids are carefully selected formulations. + They have been tested and approved by our laboratory + Alfa Laval guarantees that the liquids are corrosion safe for all ‘common metals and compatible with gaskets and our gasket adhesives if the procedures given are followed and the cleaning agents prescribed are used. + Brazing materials have limitations when doing alkaline cleaning, See section 5.8.2, + The solutions supplied are concentrated. 1.5 Warning: Chemicals NOT to be used! + Hydrochloric acid (HCI) - aggressive to the plate as well as personal safety + Sulphuric acid (HoSO,) - aggressive to plate & gasket as well as personal safety + Nitric acid (HNOs) - aggressive to the gasket as well as personal safety 1.6 Safety Notice — Lethal Hydrogen Sulfide gas (H2S) Risk of lethal gas release when CIP of heat exchangers within applications where hydrogen sulfide gas (H.S) is present and might be generated from fouling deposits. 1.6.1 Where is HS found Typically, the fouling material found inside heat exchangers that are used in sour or acid gas service will release HS gas when exposed to hydrogen based acidic cleaning chemicals. These gases can build up to very dangerous concentrations since H.S is an extremely toxic gas, which can be lethal at low concentrations. Hydrogen sutfide can be found in most oil & gas, upstream crude oil handling, and refinery applications, but also in some petrochemical and mining applications. Before offering any CIP in these industries confirm with the customer no hydrogen sulfide is present - or can be generated - in concerned process. The customers’ confirmation should be documented in writing Page 6 / 30TFA ant 16.2 What CIP equipment to use Performing CIP on heat exchangers that operate in applications where hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is present, or can be formed, is extremely dangerous unless the CIP equipment, chemicals and procedures are specifically designed to mitigate this risk. ‘The standard Alfa Laval CIP units and cleaning chemicals are not meeting these special design requirements. CONSEQUENTLY, you shall not offer or perform any standard CIP of PHEs within any process in which HS is present. Instead, consult Alfa Laval Headquarter where a project is running to create the proper and safe cleaning procedures for these systems. 163 How to clean safely today I fouling material within heat exchangers that are used in sour or acid gas service will is or may be present, offer mechanical cleaning instead of CIP Manual cleaning without cleaning agents do not release any hydrogen sulfide and is safe to execute, 1.7 Importance of proper sizing of CIP equipment and usage of liquids. 174 Sufficient volume for the whole cleaning process ‘When cleaning a plate heat exchanger, itis important to dimension the tank capacity required and cleaning agents needed for the job. There shall be sufficient space in the tanks to accommodate the whole volume of the liquid needed to circulate for the cleaning process; but also, room for adding additional cleaning agent to maintain the strength and effective cleaning, 1.72 No flooding ‘When one abort the cleaning process, all the liquid taken out of the heat exchanger and connecting pipes and hoses must have room in the tanks. Otherwise, there is a risk of flooding the floor with the hot acidic or alkali cleaning agent 1.73 Sizing guidelines Guidelines how to property size the needed volume is found in Chapter 5 18 Recommendations to avoid surprises In order to avoid surprises, perform a “dry run” using only water on every heat ‘exchanger to be cleaned, Do not add cleaning agents before securing the risk of leakage and safe handling throughout the entire cleaning process. Doing this as realistically as possible one identifies all steps needed to perform a safe a thorough cleaning. More of this is described in Chapter 5. Page 7/30TFA ant 2. Cleaning in Place-programs (CIP), clean a closed heat exchanger. 21 Program # 1 Calcium carbonate/in-organic scaling Products: AlfaPhos — AlfaNeutra— AlfaAdd — pH strips Program: 1. Follow the Generalized description of the CIP-procedure; chapter 7 Operating Instructions of the Operating & Maintenance Manual for your CIP unit 2. Before starting any work, read through sections regarding safety equipment, practical work; see chapter 1, 4 and 5. 3. IMPORTANT! Secure all connections with bundle strap/duct tape in order for them not to open by accident. 4, Fill the CIP unit with water (max 90 % of the liquid required) and test run the system in order to spot leakages before mixing the cleaning agents into the liquid. Heat up the PHE to 40 ~ 50 °C (104 - 122 °F). If any chemical reaction that produces foam is expected between AlfaPhos and the scaling, or the surfaces may be oily or fatty, add AlfaAdd. 0,5 — 1 vol % of the total diluted cleaning solution. AlfaAdd enhances the performance of the cleaning 7. Genily add 1 part AlfaPhos with the 9 parts of water that circulates in the heat exchanger ‘Avoid splash or vapor! Now heat up the solution to 60 - 70 °C (140 — 158 *F), Run the CIP unit for 2-4 hours, until the PHE is clean. 10. The pH-value shall never exceed the value 2.5 during the cleaning. This is controlled by measuring the pl-value in equable periods during the cleaning, To lower the pH-value, add AlfaPhos to the solution, 11. Does the cleaning agent have effect? No color or pH-change within 30-60 minutes, follow CIP program cleaning stop, in section 5.6. 42. When the cleaning is finished the solution is to be neutralized. Neutralizing while Circulating through the PHE might cause unwanted reactions, e.g. flocculation leading to blockage of the PHE channels Consequently, itis NOT recommended perform a neutralization like this. Instead, retum the cleaning solution completely from the PHE to the CIP tanks utilizing the return vaive setting. Set valves to recycle the liquid through the pump and tank. Begin adding neutralization agent AifaNeutra or AifaCaus slowly until pH value reaches 6.5-7.5 Follow the recommendations in Section 5.7. 13. Drain the CIP tank from the neutralized cleaning liquid considering environmental and safety aspects as described in section 1.2. A possible intermediate storage is an IBC tank. 14, Refill the CIP unit with fresh water and enter as soon as possible into the heat exchanger. Flush the CiP-unit and the heat exchanger with water for 15-20 minutes before the heat exchanger is put into operation. 16. Treat the flushing water as a used cleaning agent and dispose accordingly. Contact Alfa Laval sales company if you have further questions and information on CIP-cleaning. Page 8 / 30TFA ant 2.2 Program # 2 Calcium carbonate/in-organic scaling (Re-usage) Products: AlfaPhos ~ AlfaCaus/AlfaNeutra — AlfaAdd - pH strips Program 1. Follow the Generalized description of the CIP-procedure; chapter 7 Operating Instructions of the Operating & Maintenance Manual for your CIP unit. 2. Before starting any work, read through sections regarding safety equipment, practical work; see chapter 1, 4 and 5. 3. IMPORTANT! Secure all connections with bundle strap/duct tape in order for them not to open by accident. 4, Fill the CIP unit with water (max 90 % of the liquid required) and test run the system in order to spot leakages before mixing the cleaning agents into the liquid. Heat up the PHE to 40 — 50 °C (104 - 122 °F). if any chemical reaction that produces foam is expected between AlfaPhos and the scaling, or the surfaces may be cily or fatty, add AlfaAdd. 0,5 - 1 vol % of the total diluted cleaning solution, AlfaAdd enhances the performance of the cleaning, 7. Gently add 1 part AlfaPhos with the 9 parts of water that circulates in the heat exchanger Avoid splash or vapor! 8, Now heat up the solution to 60 - 70 °C (140 - 158 “F), 9. The CIP unit is run for 2-4 hours, until the PHE is clean 10. The pH-value shall never exceed the value 2.5 during the cleaning. This is controlled by measuring the pH-value in equable periods during the cleaning. To lower the pH-value, add AlfaPhos to the solution 11. Does the cleaning agent have effect? No color or pH-change within 30-60 minutes, follow CIP program cleaning stop, in section 5.6. 12, When the cleaning is finished, drain the PHE completely from the cleaning solution and store in separate tank, e.g. an IBC-tank for re-using the remaining strength of the cleaning solution 13, Mix 4 part AlfaNeutra with 40 parts of water. No heating is needed. 414. The solution is entered into PHE until itis filled up. This solution should be circulated for 30 min to passivate the newly cleaned PHE. When the time has Passed drain the PHE completely from the passivation solution. Drain it into the CIP tank, Start circulating the solution between the pump and tank, Now neutralize this solution by gently adding AlfaPhos until the pH-value reaches 6.5 — 7.5. 15, Drain the CIP tank from the passivation solution considering environmental and safety aspects as described in section 1.2. 16. Refill the CIP unit with fresh water and enter as soon as possible into the heat exchanger. Flush the CIP-unit and the heat exchanger with water for 15-20 minutes before the heat exchanger is put into operation, 17. Treat the flushing water as a used cleaning agent and dispose accordingly. Contact Alfa Laval sales company if you have further questions and information on CIP-cleaning, Page 9/30TFA Ra oet 2.3 Program # 3 Calcium carbonate scaling, green-line Products: Alpacon Descalant I~ Alpacon Degreaser Ill/ AlfaAdd — pH strips- Program: 1. Follow the Generalized description of the CIP-procedure; chapter 7 Operating Instructions of the Operating & Maintenance Manual for your CIP unit 2. Before starting any work, read through sections regarding safety equipment, practical work; see chapter 1, 4 and 5. 3, IMPORTANT! Secure all Connections with bundle strap/duct tape in order for them not to open by accident, 4, Fill the CIP unit with water (max 90 % of the liquid required) and test run the system to spot leakages before mixing the cleaning agents into the liquid, Heat up the PHE to 40 - 50 °C (104— 122 °F) If any chemical reaction that produces foam is expected between Alpacon Descalant Ill and the scaling, e.g calcium carbonate, or the surfaces may be oily or fatty, add 5 vol % Alpacon Degreaser Ill or AlfaAdd. 0,5 ~ 1 vol % of the total diluted Cleaning solution. Mix thoroughly before use. 7. Mix 1 part Alpacon Descalant Ill with 10 parts of water that circulates in the heat exchanger Avoid splash or vapor! Now heat up the solution to 5070 °C (122 - 188 *F). The CIP unit is run for 3-6 hours, until the PHE is clean. 10. The pH-value shall never exceed the value 2.5 during the cleaning. This is controlled by measuring the pH-value in equable periods during the cleaning, To lower the pH-value, add Alpacon Descalant Ill into the solution, 11. Does the cleaning agent have effect? No color or pH-change within 30-60 minutes, follow CIP program cleaning stop. in section 5.6 12, When the cleaning is finished the solution is to be neutralized, Neutralizing while circulating through the PHE might cause unwanted reactions, e.g. flocculation leading to blockage of the PHE channels Consequently, itis NOT recommended perform a neutralization like this. Instead, return the cleaning solution completely from the PHE to the CIP tanks utilizing the return vaive setting. Set valves to recycle the liquid through the pump and tank. Begin adding neutralization agent AlfaNeutra or AifaCaus slowly until pH value reaches 6.5-7.5 Follow the recommendations in Section 5.7. 13. Drain the CIP tank from the neutralized cleaning liquid considering environmental and safety aspects as described in section 1.2. A possible intermediate storage is an IBC tank 14, Refill the CIP unit with fresh water and enter as soon as possible into the heat exchanger. Flush the CIP-unit and the heat exchanger with water for 15-20 minutes before being put into operation 15. Treat the flushing water as a used cleaning agent and dispose accordingly. Contact Alfa Laval sales company if you have further questions and information on CIP-cleaning. Page 10/302.4 TFA ant Program # 4 Calcium carbonate scaling with powder form chemicals Products: Alfa P-Scale / Kalkléser-P — Alfa P-Neutra / Neutra-P — AlfaAdd — pH strips (can also be labelled Kalkldser-P and Neutra-P respectively) Program: 1 10 "1 12 13 14 15 16 Follow the Generalized description of the CIP-procedure; chapter 7 Operating Instructions of the Operating & Maintenance Manual for the CIP unit. Before starting any work, read through sections regarding practical work; see chapter 1, 4 and 5: IMPORTANT! Secure all connections with bundle strap/duct tape in order for them not to open by accident. Fill the CIP unit with water (max 90 % of the liquid required) and test run the system in order to spot leakages before mixing the cleaning agents into the liquid. Heat up the PHE to 40 °C (104 °F). ls any chemical reaction that produces foam expected _between Alfa P-Scale / Kalkldser-P and the scaling, or the surfaces may be oily or fatly, add AlfaAdd. 0,5 — 1 vol % of the total diluted cleaning solution. AlfaAdd enhances the performance of the cleaning. Mixing of Alfa P-Scale / Kalkléser-P 1 bag with 10-15 liters of water. 2 bags with 15-20 liters of water IMPORTANT! Tur of the pump in order to avoid dust and vapor when emptying the bags with Alfa P-Scale / Kalkléser-P. Empty the bags into the water. Do not empty all bags needed at once! Close lid and allow salt do dissolve and circulate before continuing empty bags. The solution is circulated into PHE and fil up the system to the calculated cleaning solution volume. See section 5.3. The pH-value shall never exceed the value 2.5 during the cleaning. This is controlled by measuring the pH-value in equable periods during the cleaning. To lower the pH-value, add Alfa P-Scale / Kalkléser-P to the solution. Now heat up the solution to 50 —60 °C (122 - 140 °F). The CIP units run for approximately 2-4 hours, unti the PHE is clean. When the cleaning is finished solution is being neutralized by adding 1 bag ‘Alfa P-Neutra / Neutra-P per bag Alfa P-Scale / Kalkléser-P until the pH-value reaches 6.5 - 7.5. The neutralization should be performed carefully and with continuous circulation for 30 min. Drain the PHE and tank from the liquid considering environmental and safety aspects as described in section 1.2 Flush the CIP-unit and the heat exchanger with water for 15-20 minutes before being put into operation, Treat the flushing water as a used cleaning agent and dispose accordingly. Contact Alfa Laval sales company if you have further questions and information on CIP-cleaning. Page 11/3025 TFA ant Program # 5 Biological/Organic fouling (without scaling) Products: AlfaCaus ~ AlfaAdd - AlfaPhos — pH strips Program: 1 10. "1 12 13. 14. 16. Follow the Generalized description of the CIP-procedure; chapter 7 Operating Instructions of the Operating & Maintenance Manual for your CIP unit. Before starting any work, read through sections regarding safety equipment, practical work; see chapter 1, 4 and 5: IMPORTANT! Secure all connections with bundle strap/duct tape in order for them not to open by accident. Fill the CIP unit with water (max 90 % of the liquid required) and test run the system in order to spot leakages before mixing the cleaning agents into the liquid. Heat up the PHE to 40 — 50 °C (104 - 122 °F). ‘As a performance booster it is possible to add AlfaAdd. 0,5 - 1 vol % of the total diluted cleaning solution, Gently add 1 part AlfaCaus with the 9 parts of water that is circulating in the heat exchanger Avoid splash or vapor! Now heat up the solution to 60 - 70 °C (140- 158 °F), The CIP unit is run for 2-4 hours, until the PHE is clean. ‘The p-value shall never go below the value pH 12 during the cleaning, This is controlled by measuring the pH-value in equable periods during the cleaning. To raise the pH-value, add AlfaCaus to the solution. Does the cleaning agent have effect? No color or pH-change within 30-60 minutes, follow CIP program cleaning stop, in section 5.6. When the cleaning is finished the solution is to be neutralized, Neutralizing while circulating through the PHE might cause unwanted reactions, e.g. flocculation leading to blockage of the PHE channels, Consequently, itis NOT recommended perform a neutralization like this. Instead, retumn the cleaning solution completely from the PHE to the CIP tanks ultizing the retum vaive setting. Set valves to recycle the liquid through the pump and tank. Begin adding neutralization agent AlfaPhos slowly until pH value reaches 6.5-7.5 Follow the recommendations in Section 5.7. Drain the CIP tank from the neutralized cleaning liquid considering environmental and safety aspects as described in section 1.2. A possible intermediate storage is an IBC tank. Refill the CIP unit with fresh water and enter as soon as possible into the heat ‘exchanger. Flush the CIP-unit and the heat exchanger with water for 15-20 minutes before the heat exchanger is put into operation. Treat the flushing water as a used cleaning agent and dispose accordingly. Contact Alfa Laval sales company if you have further questions and information on CIP-cleaning. Page 12/3026 TFA ant Program # 6 Biological/Organic fouling (without scaling) — Re-usage Products: AlfaCaus ~ AlfaAdd - pH strips Program: 1 10. 1 12 13. 14. 16. Follow the Generalized description of the CIP-procedure; chapter 7 Operating Instructions of the Operating & Maintenance Manual for your CIP unit. Before starting any work, read through sections regarding safety equipment, practical work; see chapter 1, 4 and 5: IMPORTANT! Secure all connections with bundle strap/duct tape in order for them not to open by accident. Fill the CIP unit with water (max 90 % of the liquid required) and test run the system in order to spot leakages before mixing the cleaning agents into the liquid. Heat up the PHE to 40 — 50 °C (104 - 122 °F). ‘As a performance booster it is possible to add AlfaAdd. 0,5 ~ 1 vol % of the total diluted cleaning solution, Gently add 1 part AlfaCaus with the 9 parts of water that is circulating in the heat exchanger Avoid splash or vapor! Now heat up the solution to 60 - 70 °C (140- 158 °F), The CIP unit is run for 2-4 hours, until the PHE is clean ‘The pH-value shall never go below the value pH 12 during the cleaning, This is controlled by measuring the pH-value in equable periods during the cleaning. To raise the pH-value, add AlfaCaus to the solution. Does the cleaning agent have effect? No color or pH-change within 30-60 minutes, follow CIP program cleaning stop, in section 5.6. When the cleaning is finished the cleaning solution is to be drained from the PHE completely. Drain it into the CIP tank or directly into a storage of an IBC tank/-s The stored cleaning solution shall be allowed to settle and particles to sediment. Further analysis of its effectiveness is to be done Refill the CIP unit with fresh water and enter as soon as possible into the heat exchanger. Flush the CIP-unit and the heat exchanger with water for 15-20 minutes before the heat exchanger is put into operation, Treat the flushing water as a used cleaning agent and dispose accordingly. Contact Alfa Laval sales company if you have further questions and information on CIP-cleaning. Page 13/30TFA ant 27 Program # 7 Biological/Organic fouling with in- organic scaling in the organic fouling Products: AlfaCaus — AlfaPhos - AlfaAdd — pH strips Program: 1. Follow the Generalized description of the ClP-procedure; chapter 7 Operating Instructions of the Operating & Maintenance Manual for your CIP unit, 2. Before starting any work, read through sections regarding safety equipment, practical work; see chapter 1, 4 and 5. 3. IMPORTANT! Secure all connections with bundle strap/duct tape in order for them not to open by accident. 4. Fill the CIP unit with water (max 90 % of the liquid required) and test run the system in order to spot leakages before mixing the cleaning agents into the liquid. Heat up the PHE to 40 ~ 50 °C (104 - 122 °F) Follow the procedures in Program # 5, section 2.5, removal of Biological/Organic fouling. Start at point 6. 7. When the organic cleaning phase is finished the biological fouling has removed and the cleaning solution shall be taken care of as described in program # 5, before the next cleaning step of the solids and in-organic dirt can start. 8. Flushing with fresh water is possible in-between the 2 cleaning cycles. However, any in the PHE remaining AlfaCaus may be minor, and this will be “concurred” by the AlfaPhos when it is entered in the next stage. 9. Now proceed with Program # 1, section 2.1, removal of Calcium carbonatelin- organic scaling, 10, Follow the procedures there to the last point 15. Contact Alfa Laval sales company if you have further questions and information on CIP-cleaning. Page 14/30TFA ant 2.8 Program # 8 Biological/Organic fouling with in-organic scaling in the organic fouling (Re-usage) Products: AlfaCaus — AlfaPhos — AlfaAdd— pH strips Program: 1. Follow the Generalized description of the CIP-procedure; chapter 7 Operating Instructions of the Operating & Maintenance Manual for your CIP unit. 2. Before starting any work, read through sections regarding safety equipment, practical work; see chapter 1, 4 and 5. 3. IMPORTANT! Secure all connections with bundle strap/duct tape in order for them not to open by accident. 4. Fill the CIP unit with water (max 90 % of the liquid required) and test run the system in order to spot leakages before mixing the cleaning agents into the liquid. 5. Heat up the PHE to 40 ~ 50°C (104 122 °F). Follow the procedures in Program # 6, section 2.6 - Re-usage. removal of BiologicaV/Organic fouling. Start at point 6. 7. When the organic cleaning phase is finished and the biological fouling has removed, the cleaning solution is stored for further sedimentation and analysis for the possibilty of re-usage. Now the next cleaning step of the solids and inorganic dirt can start 8. Flushing with fresh water is possible in-between the 2 cleaning cycles. However, any in the PHE remaining AlfaCaus may be minor and this will be “concurred” by the AlfaPhos when itis entered in the next stage. 9. Now proceed with Program # 2, section 2.2, removal of Calcium carbonatefin- organie scaling — Re-usage. 10. Follow the procedures there to the last point 17. Contact Alfa Laval sales company if you have further questions and information on CIP-cleaning. Page 15/302.9 TFA ant Program # 9 Organic fouling, green-line Products: Alpacon MultiCIP Il - pH strips- Program: 1. 10. Follow the Generalized description of the CIP-procedure; chapter 7 Operating Instructions of the Operating & Maintenance Manual for CIP unit. Before starting any work, read through sections regarding safety equipment, practical work; see chapter 1, 4 and 5 IMPORTANT! Secure all connections with bundle strap/duct tape in order for them not to by accident open. Fill the CIP unit with water (max 90 % of the liquid required) and test run the system in order fo spot leakages before mixing the cleaning agents into the liquid. Heat up the PHE to 40 - 60 °C (104 — 140 °F). Mix 1 part Alpacon MultiCIP II with 10 parts of water. The solution is entered into PHE until it is filed up. Now heat up the solution to 40 — 60 °C (104 - 140 °F). The CIP unit is run for 3-6 hours, until the PHE is clean. When the cleaning is finished the solution is to be neutralized. Neutralizing while circulating through the PHE might cause unwanted reactions, e.g. flocculation leading to blockage of the PHE channels Consequently, it is NOT recommended perform a neutralization like this. Instead, return the cleaning solution completely from the PHE to the CIP tanks utilizing the return valve setting. Set valves to recycle the liquid through the pump and tank. Begin adding neutralization agent AlfaPhos slowly until pH value reaches 6.5-7.5 Follow the recommendations in Section 5.7. Flush the CIP-unit and the heat exchanger with water for 15-20 minutes before being put into operation. Contact Alfa Laval sales company if you have further questions and information on CIP-cleaning. Page 16/30TFA ant 3. Cleaning of opened PHE 3.1 Manual cleaning of opened PHE, single plates Task: Removal of deposits Products: AlfaPhos - Alfa P-Scale - Alpacon Descalant Ill - AlfaCaus —Alpacon Degreaser Ill Program: 4. Study and follow the Chapter 1 General above. Especially section 1.3 Safety instructions. 2. Start cleaning when heating surface is stil wet, and plates are hanging in the frame. 3. Use fiber brush and preferably hot water jet to start with, 4. If necessary, put the plates in a suitable tank and use one of the following cleaning agents to remove deposits: ‘Oxides, AlfaPhos, Alfa P-Scale, Carbonates Alpacon Descalant Il ‘Organics, AlfaCaus, Proteins Fals, Oils Kerosene, AfaCaus, Alpacon Degreaser Ill 5. _ Flush the plates with clear preferably hot water. WARNING! AlfaCaus is based on caustic soda and can cause serious injuries by skin contact and must be handled with great care. 6. Avoid to clean Copper Brazed units with iron connections (or other iron part) by simple immersion to the acidic bath. Page 17/303.2 Task: Products: Program: TFA ant Manual cleaning of Semi welded cassettes of opened PHE Cleaning of welded channels before opening of unit Fresh water — AlfaPhos - Alfa P-Scale - Alpacon Descalant Ill AlfaCaus — Alpacon Degreaser Ill Study and follow the Chapter 1 General above. Especially section 1.3, Safely instructions. ‘As the welded channels normally contain an aggressive liquid which has to be removed from the unit, itis wise to arrange connections for fresh water between the unit and the in- and outlet valves making it possible to flush out the aggressive liquid with hot fresh water or other for the purpose suitable cleaning agent, The inlet for the cleaning liquid shall be at the lower connection of the unit. After opening of the unit, the cleaning of the gasket channels may proceed according to current instruction section 3.1 with the plates still hanging in the frame Clean with appropriate cleaning agent as the recommended cleaning method describes to remove fouling on the welded side, Flush the plates with clear preferably hot water. WARNING! AlfaCaus is based on caustic soda and can cause serious injuries by skin contact and must be handled with great care. Page 18/30TFA ant 4 When is the heat exchanger up for cleaning, cleaning intervals? 4.1 General signs To find the cleaning intervals for the heat exchanger one can rely on historical data and records. Temperature deviations from the designed temperature values is an indication that the unit is up for a cleaning, ‘A general rule is that if one can identify an increased pressure drop from design parameters the situation has gone far beyond the point where the cleaning should have been performed. One might have to bring in the plate heat exchanger for reconditioning at an Alfa Laval Service Centre. ‘One common reason for pressure drop caused by fouling is when the criteria for proper shear stress is not fulfled due to change in flow lower than design. 4.2 Cleaning interval dependencies The cleaning intervals are dependent of + the cleanness of the media + the media behavior at different temperatures + how well the good shear-stress force (Tao value) can be kept during operation + how well the plates got cleaned from previous cleaning. 4.3 Monitor intervals with Alfa Laval Performance Audit PHE In 4-phase liquid applications from port size 60 mm and larger Alfa Laval can perform a monitoring service to establish the current efficiency of the heat exchanger and when it should be up for cleaning ‘When the cleaning is done, a confirmation/verification of the cleaning efficiency can be made. This service is called Alfa Laval Performance Audit PHE (former named Alfa Check); contact your nearest Alfa Laval sales company for information and quote. Page 19/30TFA ant 5. Important considerations prior to cleaning 5.1 General ‘The dirt and fouling found in a heat exchanger get deposited when the media is passing through. ‘The dit is covering the plate and reduces the heat transfer. It also increases the pressure drop over the heat exchanger. ‘The loss from the fouling is double, reduced heat transfer and an increased eneray consumption from the pump working against a higher pump head When identifying what fouling one should expect to find, one must monitor the media and what it may have encountered on its way into the heat exchanger. ‘Samples of the media could be sent to our laboratory for investigation, Whatever substances found in the media must be looked upon how it reacts/behaves at the temperature found in process through the heat ‘exchanger. 5.2 Fouling groups “There are two different groups of fouling/deposits: organic and inorganic. 5.24 The organic fouling group It consists of biological matter, fat, oi, and other organic deposits. This type of fouling is removed by alkaline cleaning agents. 5.22 Inorganic fouling Inorganic fouling are metallic oxides, rust, calcium carbonate, and other inorganic scale. These deposits are removed by using acidic cleaning agents. If the media is exposed to the atmosphere, one could expect to find organic fouling in the heat exchanger. 5.23 Appearance is often a mixture Quite often both types of fouling are found together in a heat exchanger. Then one must perform a multistep cleaning. ‘When doing this multistep cleaning, one must remove one fouling at a time. ‘The recommendation is to start with the Organic fouling, that covers the surface as a protective film ‘Second step is to address the inorganic. Important to rinse in-between with fresh water. If not, it will reduce the effect of the second step. This rinsing water needs to be neutralized prior to disposal. Page 20/30TFA ant 5.3 CIP program preparations 534 Waste handling ‘+ Agree with customer what to do with the used CIP waste, ‘= The dirt removed from the heat exchanger is originating from the process and is consequently the property of the customer ‘+ Federal, State and local laws governing disposal of materials can differ. Support the customer to ensure proper disposal compliance with proper authorities before disposal, + The chemical reaction when neutralizing AlfaPhos and AifaCaus / Alfa Neutra: AlfaPhos with Alfa Neutra/Alfa Caus generate sodium phosphates + water The pH will then be close to 7, the sodium phosphates being formed is a salt and nontoxic, ‘© The chemical reaction when neutralizing Alfa P-scale / Kalkléser-P with Alla P-Neutra/ Neutra-P generates sodium sulfamate. ©The composition of the waste is strongly affected of which deposits that has been removed during cleaning and can only be established by having samples tested WARNING! The neutralized liquids are stil hazardous to potential aquatic life. Neutralized solutions cannot be disposed of to open water bodies. 5.3.2 Setting up the PHE © Make sure the heat exchanger can be isolated and locked-out from the system and the CIP unit connected! + IMPORTANT! Secure all Connections with a lock / bundle strap / duct tape in order for them not to open by accident. + Make sure there is electricity available, Always wear your personal protective equipment (PPE) 533 How much cleaning liquid is to be used? Follow the Generalized description of the CIP-procedure, See section Operation in Manual for CIP unit, Calculate the cleaning liquid volume required - rota Vneatnchangar + Vaeses + Vong + Veunp + Voorn ne neater Vpoin is the piping volume, from frame plate to the isolating valves. Fill the CIP unit with hot water (max 90% of the liquid required) and test run the system, to secure that there are no leakages, before mixing the cleaning agents into the liquid Make sure you do not leave the CIP unit without supervision during the entire period of the cleaning operation Page 21/30TFA ant 5.34 Verify your volume calculations and the safe procedures before going “live” to avoid surprises To understand each step and action in the cleaning process, a recommendation is to follow the steps in the cleaning programs but to use water only. ‘Add the 90 % water and secure the calculated volume is possible to circulate and that it covers the heaters, Ifit does not there is a calculation error and adjust accordingly. Make sure the additional volume is noted for the future cleaning intervention. Activate the immersion heaters to secure they work according to plan and water is circulating, Having done this and filling up with the remaining cleaning volume (here the last 10 %, in water only), fil the heat exchanger as when to clean and heat up. Now is the correct time to map how much of the heat exchanger and connecting pipes that are filled. The whole heat exchanger up to the top of the upper port must be filled to get an efficient cleaning This volume, and eventual additional “boosting” cleaning agent, is to be handled in a safe matter. When extracting all the liquid from the heat exchanger into the tankltanks shall not get flooded. Hereafter the used cleaning agent is to be deposited somewhere and this procedure and logistic chain must be secured safoly. Every heat exchanger installation is unique and ought to be tested equally to avoid surprises and incidents. 535 Safe filling and drainage of cleaning agent from heat exchanger Itis important to secure that all cleaning agents can be filled into and drained out of the heat exchanger in a safe and controlled way. This is done by two actions, prepare the heat exchanger installations and secure a certain capability on the CIP unit: 1. The heat exchangers to be equipped with connections that allows to circulate the cleaning liquid from the lowest point of the lower inlet pipe. Also, that there is a good venting that can release air into the top porticonnection. The lower connection is positioned to the pipe at 6 o'clock. See illustration to the right. Page 22/302. Avalve configuration on the cleaning unit that enables the pump to evacuate the cleaning liquid out from the heat exchanger as well pumping in normal operation from the tank. Important to connect the hoses according to the manufacturers” instructions so that draining is possible without disconnecting PHEPORT [, REPORT any hose See illustration to the 7 right row Ta 5.4 Correct cleaning temperature 5.41 Minimize down time of the Heat Exchanger to be cleaned ‘When cleaning heat exchangers one wants to do it as efficient as possible and keep the cleaning effect at an optimum, Keeping the cleaning liquid in the heat exchanger at 70 °C (158 °F) one has the optimal effect. Saying this, one must plan the whole cleaning intervention carefully and keep track of every volume, ‘Acrule of thumb is: If cleaning at 70 °C (158 °F) and completing a cleaning step take 3 hours, then cleaning at 60 °C (140 °F) will take 6 hours and at 50°C (122 °F) will take12 hours. The heat exchanger functionality to heat and coo! is active even if the water on the secondary side not to be cleaned isn’t circulating. Unless drained and plugged, the liquid volume on the other side is also to be included in the volume to be heated up. If second side remain being filled up, keeping that volume at 70 °C (158 “F) will support the cleaning effect on the primary side. In paragraphs below some hints how to arrange this are given. Page 23/30TFA ant 5.4.2 How long does it take to reach the correct cleaning temperature? The first step is to calculate the amount of energy E needed to raise the liquid volume V from one temperature to another, delta T (dT) Secondly, how high effect do we have on the heat source to put in to reach the Energy needed? This ratio gives the time to raise the temperature a certain level The total volume, the volume calculated above with cleaning agent plus if there is a volume trapped on the secondary side must be given in cubic meter (m?). 11m? = 1000 liter = 220 Imperial gallon = 264 US liquid gallon, The temperature is given in degrees Celsius [°C] and Farenheiht within brackets (°F). The there is a constant that tells us that 1.16 kWh is the energy to increase a trapped volume of 1m? water 1 °C (1.8 °F). The energy formula is E [kWh] = Vx dT x 1.16 Next step is to add the energy from a source. Having immersion heaters in the CIP unit is the most common and safest. Ifyou have access to steam to speed up the heating: or heat from the process on the secondary side of the heat exchanger temperature can be raised for the immersion heaters heating operation. Depending on the amount and effect P [kW] on the immersion heaters we can then calculate the time in hours. Time [h] = E [kWh] / P [kW] ‘An example Liquid on primary side in a heat exchanger incl connecting pipes: 450 liters Liquid on secondary side incl connecting pipes: 450 liters Liquid in CIP unit, pipes and hoses: 86 liters Temperature of liquid at start-up: 15°C (59°F) Cleaning temperature: 70°C (158 °F) Total volume to be heated up [m’]: (450+85+450) liters = 985 liters = 0.985 m? Total temperature increase [°C]: (70 ~ 15) "C = 55°C (99°F) Energy needed [kWh]: 0.985 x 55x 1.1 How long time (t) does it take to heat up? Using a 12-KW immersion heater: the {h] = 63/ 12 = 5.25 h= 5h 15 min Using 24-kW: tos [h] = 63/24 = 2.62 h= 237 min Using 48-kW: tes [h] = 63/48 = 1.31 n= 1h 19 min = 63 kWh Planning is essential and preserving the heat in-between the different cleaning faces is crucial. Reducing the downtime and thereby minimizing the financial loss is very important. Keeping the heat under control and monitoring the progress thoroughly is crucial to get the cleanness needed, getting the thermal performance back Page 24/30TFA ant 5.4.3 Hints of how to set up the supportive heating Ifthe temperature on the secondary side, that is not to be cleaned, is relatively high level, from 40 — 50 °C (104 - 122 “F) and above, one shall take use of it to support to keep the heat up in the cleaning liquid and the efficiency there too, Especially when doing multistep cleaning, as mentioned in sections 2.7 & 2.8. Close the isolating valves on this “not to be cleaned side”. For the media to expand when getting heated up lower the trapped liquid level allowing air to be in the pipe behind the upper valve. This is a precaution so that the increased temperature does not lead to increased pressure and the incompressible liquid can damage the plate pack or the valves. 544 The effect of trapped AIR on the secondary side If the “other side” for some reason contains air only, as when cleaning a SWHE in an ammonia application and the cassette is evacuated from its media, the time to heat up will go faster though and consequently also the cleaning, Isolating valves to be closed and trap the ai. ‘The sum of the total energy to heat the cleaning liquid needed plus the trapped air on the secondary side can be calculated as: ‘The energy formula to heat trapped AIR: E [kWh] = Vx dT x 0.00036, Having the same volume as in the earlier section on the secondary and raising it from 15 °C (59 *F) to 70 °C (158 °F), the energy required is: Evsecenduy (ar) = 0.45 m? x 55 °C x 0.00036 kWhi(°C*m’) = 0.00891 kWh Epnmaey roe cueanen) = (0.45 + 0,085) m? x 55 °C x 1.16 kWh/(°C*m*) = 34.133 kWh Evoua = 34.133 + 0.00891 = 34.14191 kWh ‘Theoretically this gives a substantial heating time reduction. Doing the same comparison between different heating capacity looks as follows. Using a 12-kW immersion heater: ty [h] = 34.142 / 12 = 2.845h = 2h 51 min Using 24-KW: tosh] = 34.142/ 24 = 1.455 hh = 1h 27 min Using 48-KW: lus [h] = 34.142 / 48 = 0.73 = 0h 44 min A disclaimer must be raised here though, the conditions with the material trapping the air, frame, pipes, and valves is affecting the trapped temperature and must be heated up as well. That has not been considered in the above calculations. Page 25/30TFA ant 5.5, Flow of cleaning liquid 5.5.1 Always keep the cleaning liquid in circulation! There must always be a flow, even if not very much, The chemical reaction is instant if the unreacted cleaning components can access the fouling and the reaction products have to be carried away to maintain the correct chemical environment for optimal reaction rate, 5.5.2 What flow is needed? ‘A remark sometimes raised is if to match design flow when cleaning? In our CIP assortment, our CIP units have pump flows from 3 - 40 m*/h. Never consider production flow because itis irrelevant to “compete” with that — the criterium is to make fresh chemicals to reach the fouling and the reaction products have to be carried away to maintain the correct chemical environment for optimal reaction rate. 5.6 CIP program cleaning stop 5.6.1 The cleaning is done. If there has been a color change of the cleaning liquid and the pH levels have been adjusted during the cleaning process, the cleaning process shall come to a halt when the pH-level required for an effective cleaning has been at a steady state for 45-60 minutes, Drain and follow section 5.3, either to finish the cleaning or start the next phase of the cleaning cycle. (from organic fouling removal to in-organic) 5.6.2 No cleaning effect from start If there is no change on the color of the cleaning liquid OR the pH level is not changing within 30-60 minutes after starting the cleaning process with the active cleaning agents, the operation shall be stopped; either the unit was clean already from the beginning or the wrong cleaning agent and program is used. ‘An example of the cleaning agent is not getting effect could be that the inorganic fouling is covered by oil or organic fouling, This layer is preventing the acidic cleaning agent to reach down to the inorganic fouling, 56.3 Flush In both the above situations the PHE shall be drained from the cleaning agents and afterwards flushed with fresh water and sent for re-usage or destruction. Page 26/30TFA ant 5.7 Handling of used cleaning agents and waste 574 Neutralization of used cleaning agents For neutralization of the cleaning liquid the ratio is always dependent on how much of the cleaning effect of the liquid that has been used. A good start is to start from “new" not used cleaning agents as seen below. © ‘iter 10 v% AlfaCaus solution is neutralized to pH 8,5 by 0.142-liter 10 v% AlfaPhos solution and to pH 7,0 by 0.166-liter 10 v% AlfaPhos. + 1-liter 10 v% AlfaCaus solution is neutralized by 0.014-liter concentrated/pure AlfaPhos to Ph 8,5 and to pH 7,0 by 0,016-lter pure AlfaPhos, ‘+ Titer 10 v% AlfaPhos solution is neutralized to pH 7.0 by 6,07-liter 10 v% AlfaCaus solution, ‘© Titer 10 v% AlfaPhos solution is neutralized to pH 7.0 by 0,607-lter pure AlfaCaus, ‘© titer 10 v% AlfaPhos solution is neutralized to pH 7,0 by 0,27-liter pure AlfaNeutra. + 1 bag used Alfa P-Scale / Kalkléser-P diluted in water is neutralized with 1 bag Alfa P-Neutra / Neutra-P Important to measure pH continuously in order to reach desired level. Knowing one's volume is the important beginning. Then to understand how much of the cleaning agent that has been “consumed! is difficult Due to this, less neutralization liquid than above given recommendations can be Used, The neutralization point can be missed so the pH-value tips over on the other side. Because of that, when one is reaching 75-80 % of the calculated neutralization volume, slow down. ‘Add small volumes at a time and stir around prior to measuring the pH. 572 Waste handling ‘As described in section 1.2 and 5.3.1 the handling and destruction of the used cleaning agents can be an issue. However, it must be taken into utmost care when one plan every cleaning intervention. ‘The dirt that is cleaned out is the property of the customer. Secure in advance with the customer how the cleaning liquids are to be treated ‘What does the local and national legislation state? Please consider the fact that long term impact from these actions will be significant if shortcuts are taken. As stressed in the Warning in 5.3.1 - The neutralized liquids are still hazardous to potential aquatic life, Neutralized solutions cannot be disposed of to open water bodies. Page 27/30TFA ant 5.8 Precautions when cleaning Copper Brazed Heat Exchangers (CB / BHE) Copper do not have the wide passive behavior of stainless steel. In a narrow pH range copper can stay passive if carbonates are present. A protective layer of copper carbonates is then formed. This level corresponds to a conductivity of 50 pS/cm (5 mS/m), which should not be below. Consequently, CB heat exchangers cannot be used for distilled or deionized waters. 5.8.1 Acidic cleaning (inorganic) Our range of acidic cleaning agents contain efficient inhibitor systems to treat CB. 582 Alkaline cleaning (organic) ‘At pH values above 11 soluble copper oxides are formed. Consequently, in hard waters the risk of copper corrosion is substantial. High sulfate concentration at low alkalinity also implies a corrosion risk 583 Value guidance for safe alkaline cleaning of BHE The following values can be given as guidance to reduce the corrosion risk on copper: © pH7.5-10 + sulfate, SO %< 150 ppm + ofHCOs) o(S04)> 1.5 + e(HCO}<4 mmol + e(Ca*VolHCO™)>1 + ammonia, NHs< 10 ppm + free CO;<10 ppm + Langlier index greater than or equal to 0 584 Cleaning recommendations of BHE from Alfa Laval MT&C. ‘What is the fouling? Organic fouling - Circulate 5 % AlfaCaus at 50 °C (122 °F) for maximum 2hrs. In-organic fouling (scaling) then the BHE can be circulated with 5% AlfaPhos at 50°C (122 °F) for max. 2hrs. 5 % is 1 part cleaning agent and 19 parts water. As in all other cleaning interventions keep track of pH variations as described in section 5.5. Abort the cleaning as soon as the steady state is observed Important is that all the remains of the cleaning chemical are removed by a water flushing after the cleaning. The pH of the flushing water exiting the BHE should be around neutral (pH 6.5-7.5). To check if there are any defects after the cleaning then one can 1. Ifone has a borescope one can look into the first channels, 2. Another way is to look at the color of the rinse water which should be clear (green color might indicate corrosion on copper). 3, To secure the unit to be leak proof, a leak test can be performed and then follow the instructions in the Instruction Manual BHE, Page 28/30TFA ant 5.9 Precautions when cleaning stainless steel. Stainless steel has very good corrosion resistance to both acidic and alkaline diluted water solutions, However, care should be taken when waters contain high amount of chloride ions. Chloride ions break the passive layer and cause localized corrosion. ‘The most serious case is crevice corrosion as it occurs at the lowest concentration of chloride ions. Crevice formation may occur if the medium is fouling. Under a dense deposit layer crevice can be formed. Important parameters for initiation of crevice corrosion attacks are temperature, pH, presence of oxygen and other oxidizing agents, geometry of crevices formed, presence of free chlorine etc, ‘The highest possible wall temperature must be considered at risk estimations, Addition of free chlorine makes the situation worse, The following values can be given as guidance to reduce the corrosion risk on stainless steel. The values are vai for pH=7 0. Higher pH value gives much less * chloride ions, CI” <700 ppm at 20 °C (68 *F) <200 ppm at 50 °C (122 °F) <100 ppm at 75 °C (167 *F) “free chlorine, Cl. <0.5 ppm for continuous chlorination <2 ppm for chock chlorination 5.10 Some comments about titanium. If chloride ions cannot be avoided, Titanium (Ti or TIPd) are the materials to use, Observe that when exposed to hot alkali titanium will lose its shiny surface and an additional grey protective passivation layer will be formed. This has only a cosmetic impact and do not affect mechanical functionality For fluorides to affect titanium, it must be in the form of HF (hydrogen fluoride), but many criteria have to be fuffled at the same time for this to happen. For example, pH must be low in combination with temperature > 70 °C (158 °F). Fluoride bound in for example fluorosilicates do not affect the metal. Page 29/30TFA ant 5.11 Cleaning Semi Welded cassettes ‘All semi-welded units where a natural refrigerant as NHs and compressors are present, one also has oll Allowing oil to enter the cassette is devastating for the thermal process. Just a fraction of a millimeter, 0.02 mm (20 um) reduces the performance by 20-30 %, Important here is to have oil traps in front of the SWHE not allowing the oil to enter. ‘Also, the regular maintenance/overhaul of the compressor is crucial to minimize the amount of ol in the circuit. The golden rule for the semi-welded side is: “Never introduce anything wet that can freeze on the refrigerant side. If so, this has to be dried out thoroughly and that is a costly and time-consuming process that may not work anyway.” This refrigerant circuit was 100 % dry when the system was filled and put into operation. Risking that one does not get it equally dry will cause problem with ice blockage etc. when put into operation again. ll traps and regular overhaul of compressor rules on the semi-welded side. Fouling or oil in the heat exchanger will make the compressor work harder, causing more wear and tear on it and consequently more frequent maintenance. On the gasketed side one may clean. When cleaning, heat is crucial for the efficiency. In a system with refrigerants the pressure wil increase on the refrigerant side IF it gets heated up, and any safety release valve will open as well. So, to avoid this the refrigerant will have to be evacuated and add nitrogen blanket gas to the welded side when cleaning the gasketed side. itis not easy, but the system can be so designed so this is possible. Revision history Revision Date Updates / changes Rev.5 June 17", 2022 ‘Section 5,7, update of Neutralization data Rev.4 June 11", 2021 Gover page update Rev. May 24,2021 Typing errors and formatting, Rev.2 May 12,2021 Fahrenheit added to all temperature. Minor typing errors corrected Rev.1 Feb 24, 2021 Revised & extended procedures published, Focus on Safety, planning and procedures. Page 30/30