CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT AND FACILITATING LEARNING
1. What concept can best describe Matthew’s ability
to walk without a support at age of 12 months
because of the internal ripening that occurred in his
muscles, bones and nervous development?
A. Development
B. Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
2. Which of the following learner’s characteristics
will affect most of the learners learning in the
academic areas?
A. His affective characteristics
B. His psychomotor characteristics
C. His cognitive characteristics
D. His socio-emotional characteristics
3. Which statement on physical development in
infants and toddlers are TRUE? The cephalocaudal
growth pattern shows _____.
A. development of the upper limbs before the lower
limbs
B. development of the lower limbs before the upper
limbs
C. simultaneous development of the upper and
lower limbs
D. development of the muscular control of trunk
and arms before the fingers
4. Which statement below best describes
development?
A. A high school student’s height increased from
5’2 to 5’4
B. A high school student’s change in weight from
110 lbs to 125 lbs
C. A student learned to operate his computer
D. A student’s enlargement of hips
5. This includes changes in individual’s
relationships with other people, changes in
emotions and changes in personality.
A. cognitive process
B. biological process
C. socio-emotional process
D. all of the above
6. As normal infant and toddler, which physical
development did you go through?
A. Development of the motor skills from outward to
the center
B. Development of motor skills from the center of
the body outward
C. Development of the lower limbs before the upper
limbs
D. Simultaneous development of the limbs and
trunk body
7. In terms of their emotional behavior, babies
respond to strange and unusual objects with a
general fear. Later, their fears become more specific
and are more characterized by different types of
behavior. Which of the following principles is
illustrated by this situation?
A. Development follows a general pattern
B. Development follows an orderly fashion
C. Development proceeds from specific to general
response
D. Development proceeds from general to specific
response
8. Which of the following principles sets the
rational for the institutionalization of early
childhood education?
A. There are expectations in the development
patterns.
B. Early development is more crucial than later
development.
C. Development is the product of maturation and
learning.
D. Every area of development has potential hazards.
9. No matter how much Teacher Aldo tries to teach
Guia, 6 years old, the concept of fraction, he just
can’t succeed. What could be the reason for this?
A. Teacher Aldo is male.
B. Guia is not yet physically mature.
C. Guia may not be fully ready yet for such a task.
D. Teacher Aldo may not have considered the
principle that individual’s stage of development has
certain hazards.
10. Dr. Escoto, the school physician conducted a
physical examination in Mrs. Manuel’s class. What
concept best describes the quantitative increase
observed by Dr. Escoto among the learners in terms
of height and weight?
A. Development
B. Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
11. Which of the following statements best
describes the relative significance of heredity and
environment upon the child’s development pattern?
A. The role of heredity is clearly dominant.
B. Environment is more important than heredity.
C. Both play an insignificant role.
D. The relation between heredity and environment
can best be explained as an interaction.
12. Which situation best illustrates the concept of
growth?
A. A kinder pupil gains 2 pounds within two
months
B. A high school student gets a score of 85 in a
mental ability test
C. An education student has gained knowledge on
approaches and strategies in teaching different
subjects
D. An elementary graders has learned to play piano
13. A grade 6 twelve-year-old boy comes from a
dysfunctional family and has been abused and
neglected. He has been to orphanages and three
different elementary schools. He can decode at the
second grade level, but he can comprehend orally
materials at the fourth or fifth grade level. The most
probable causes of this student’s reading problem
is/are _____.
A. immaturity
B. neurological factors
C. emotional factors
D. poor teaching
14. “Girls mature faster than boys”. Which principle
of development of human development supports
this?
A. Growth follow a pattern
B. Maturation precedes learning
C. Developmental rates vary
D. Every stage of development has characteristic
traits
15. Teacher Shirley always considers the family
backgrounds of her students to better understand
them. Which principle is considered?
A. Maturation precedes learning
B. Development rates vary amoing individuals
C. Each stage of development has characteristic
traits
D. Development of an organism is the result of the
interaction of heredity and environment
16. Human development begins in this stage.
A. Birth
B. Conception
C. Schooling
D. Early childhood
17. In chronological order, arrange the stages of
pre-natal development in human growth.
I. Fertilization of zygote
II. Blastocyst attaches to the wall of the uterus
III. Male sperm and female egg chromosome unite
IV. Zygote divides to cells from 2 to 4 to 128
A. I, II, III and IV
B. IV, III, II and I
C. III, I, II and IV
D. III, I, IV and II
18. When is physical growth fastest?
A. Infancy
B. Early Childhood
C. Adolescence
D. Late adolescence
19. All of the following analogies represent the
right correlation between processes and changes in
human development except for:
A. cognitive: thought
B. emotional: mood
C. social: relationship
D. biological: language
20. What is the correct sequence of the periods of
pre-natal development?
A. fetal, germinal, embryonic
B. embryonic, fetal, germinal
C. germinal, embryonic, fetal
D. embryonic, germinal, fetal
21. The fourth year high school student is in the
developmental stage of _____.
A. late childhood
B. pre-adolescence
C. adolescence
D. early childhood
22. Liza and Lida are identical twins who got
orphaned at 4 years old. They were separated and
raised by families of different socio-economic
status. After a few years, difference in their
academic performance was noted. What explains
this difference?
A. difference in intelligence
B. difference in nature
C. difference in genetic
D. difference in nurturing
26. It is a time of extreme dependence on adults.
Many physiological activities are just beginning.
A. Pre-natal
B. Infancy
C. Early childhood
D. Middle childhood
27. The following are the developmental tasks in
adolescence except one, which one is it?
A. accepting one’s physique
B. preparing for an economic career
C. selecting a mate
D. achieving mature relations with both sexes
28. Which among the following is a developmental
task under later maturity?
A. selecting a mate
B. learning sex differences and sexual modesty
C. achieving adult social and civic responasibility
D. adjusting to decreasing health

23. This is a time for work and a time for love, 29. This corresponds to preschool years.
sometimes leaving little time for anything else. A. Infancy
A. early adulthood B. Early childhood
B. adolescence C. Late childhood
C. middle adulthood D. Prenatal
D. late adulthood
30. The major features of the prenatal stage is the
24. As a high school teacher, which of the following development in _____.
should you expect in the adolescent’s A. social
developmental task? B. physical
A. Achieving masculine and a feminine social role C. motor
B. Developing attitudes towards social groups or D. intellectual
situations
C. Getting started in an occupation 31. According to Erik Erikson, the psychological
D. Taking civic responsibility stages of human development start from _____ to
_____.
25. According to Robert Havighurst’s A. birth: death
developmental tasks, reaching and maintaining B. infancy: adulthood
satisfactory performance in one’s occupational C. early childhood: adolescence
career is supposed to have been attained during D. minority: seniority
_____.
A. Early adulthood 32. The conflict faced by an individual at every
B. Middle adulthood stage of psychosocial development is
C. Old age developmental _____.
D. Adolescence A. equilibrium
B. changes
C. crisis
D. confusion B. exclusion
C. overextension
33. When a child is often left crying for a long time, D. fanaticism
he/she will soon develop _____ among people
around him. 39. Young adult form intimate relationships with
A. shame others or become alone because of a failure to do
B. mistrust so.
C. anxiety A. Autonomy vs shame and doubt
D. autonomy B. Industry vs inferiority
C. Intimacy vs isolation
34. Children learn to be self-sufficient in many D. Trust vs mistrust
activities such as toilet training, walking, and
exploring. If restrained too much they learn to doubt 40. This is the virtue in late adulthood.
their abilities and feel humiliated. A. love
A. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt B. hope
B. Industry vs Inferiority C. fidelity
C. Intimacy vs Isolation D. wisdom
D. Trust vs Mistrust
41. In Piaget’s Cognitive Development, when a
35. This virtue is the capacity for action despite a mother explains to the child that “cats unlike dogs,
clear understanding of one’s limitations and past do not bark,” the child is in the process of creating a
failures common to 3-6-year-old children. new cognitive structure. What term did Piaget use
A. hope to describe the child’s cognitive experience?
B. courage A. Accommodation
C. wisdom B. Assimilation
D. fidelity C. Equilibrium
D. Schema
36. According to Erikson, what reason can explain
behind a person inhibited from taking a role, a 42. Joey, seven-year old girl, knows how to arrange
challenge or opportunity and reason out that objects or things according to weight, shape, color
“nothing ventured, nothing lost”? or size. Joey as a young learner has already
A. Antipathy developed which concept according to Jean Piaget?
B. Inhibition A. Conservation
C. Sociopathy B. Decentering
D. Malignancy C. Reversibility
D. Seriation
37. Raymond gets a lot of pleasure from working.
Based on Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of 43. When Anton was 5 months old, he looked at a
Development, this act of Raymond shows _____. toy train; but when his view of the train was
A. Intimacy blocked, he did not search for it. Now that he is 9
B. Trust months old, he does search for it, reflecting his
C. Industry development of the concept of:
D. Identity A. object permanence
B. animism
38. This is a maladaptation in early adulthood C. assimilation
which refers to the tendency to become intimate too D. conservation
freely, too easily without any depth to intimacy.
A. promiscuity
44. A child who can solve abstract problems in C. Pre-operational
logical fashion is in the _____ stage. D. Sensorimotor
A. sensorimotor
B. preoperational 50. Piagetian stage characterized by the
C. concrete development of abstract systems of thought that
D. formal allow them to use propositional logic, scientific
reasoning and proportional reasoning.
45. In order to gain basic understanding of the A. Concrete operations
environment, the individual uses exploration thru B. Formal operations
motor capabilities. This is seen in _____. C. Pre-operational
A. sensorimotor D. Sensorimotor
B. preoperational
C. concrete 51. This is the support or assistance that lets the
D. formal child accomplish a task he cannot accomplish
independently.
46. In the formal operational stage, which is/are A. scaffolding
adolescents capable of doing to solve a problem? B. prior knowledge
I. Formulate hypotheses C. schema
II. Systematically test hypotheses D. schemata
III. Reason out
A. I, II and III 52. Mr. Flores always gives clues, example, and any
B. I and II form of encouragement to make his students grow
C. II only as independent learner.
D. III only A. motivation
B. assimilation
47. The Piagetian stage characterized by the ability C. integration
to use symbols and words to think, intuitive D. scaffolding
problem-solving, but thinking limited by rigidity,
centration, and egocentrism. 53. Vygotsky claimed that social interaction is
A. Concrete operations important for learning. What does this imply?
B. Formal operations A. Since they are not capable of interaction,
C. Pre-operational children in the crib have no learning yet.
D. Sensorimotor B. Children learn well by passive representation of
information.
48. The Piagetian stage, characterized by the ability C. Children learn from adults and other children.
to develop goal-directed behavior, means-end D. Children are independent problem solvers.
thinking, and object permanence.
A. Concrete operations 54. This is referred to by Vygotsky as the difference
B. Formal operations between an individual can learn unassisted and the
C. Pre-operational learning that could be achieved with support from a
D. Sensorimotor more knowledgeable person.
A. scaffolding
49. Piagetian stage characterized by the B. transductive reasoning
development of logical operations for seriation, C. zone of proximal development
classification, and conservation. Thinking is tied to D. all of the above
real events and objects.
A. Concrete operations 55. Teacher H begins a lesson on tumbling by
B. Formal operations demonstrating front and back somersaults in slow
motion and physically guiding his students through
correct movements. As his students become more 61. Mark stole a bar of chocolate form a
skillful, he stands back from the mat and gives convenience store when he was very hungry. He
verbal feedback about how to improve. With doesn’t think he did anything wrong since no one
Vygotsky’s theory in mind, what did teacher H do? noticed him stealing. Mark is probably in which
A. Guided participation Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?
B. Peer interaction A. preconventional
C. Apprenticeship B. conventional
D. Scaffolding C. post-conventional
D. b and c
56. Which is essential in the cognitive development
of persons according to Vygotsky? 62. Ricky does everything to get passing grades
A. independent thinking because his Mom will take his play station away if
B. social interaction he gets bad grades.
C. individual mental work A. Punishment-obedience
D. scientific thinking B. mutual benefit
C. Social approval
57. Which of the following is true according to D. law and order
Vygotsky?
A. knowledge is individually constructed 63. A civic action group protests the use of pills for
B. knowledge is constructed between people as they family planning saying that although the
interact government allows this, it is actually murder
C. knowledge is gained through reinforcement because the pills are abortificient (causes abortion).
D. knowledge is gained in a passive manner A. Law and order
58. One learns Math by building on Math lessons B. social order
previously learned. This is an application of the C. Universal principles
_____ theory. D. social approval
A. Physiological
B. S-R 64. John decides to return the wallet he found in the
C. Constructivist canteen because he believes it’s the right thing to
D. Humanist do.
A. Law and order
59. The theme of Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory B. social order
emphasizes the role of appropriate assistance given C. Universal principles
by the teacher to accomplish a task. Such help D. social approval
enables the child to move from the zone of actual
development to a zone of proximal development. 65. Karen decides to return the wallet she found in
Such assistance is termed _____. the canteen so that people will praise her honesty
A. competency technique and think she’s a nice girl.
B. active participation A. punishment-obedience
C. scaffolding B. mutual benefit
D. collaboration C. social approval
D. law and order
60. Which is the ideal stage of moral development?
A. social contract 66. Individuals define their moral values based on
B. universal ethical principle their individual conscience instead of what
C. law and order authorities or the social order expects them. What
D. good boy/good girl
level of Kohlberg’s moral development do these D. oral receptive
individuals belong to?
A. post-conventional 72. Oedipus and Electra complexes are reactivated
B. conventional at this stage but directed toward other persons of the
C. pre-conventional opposite sex. Which stage is this according to
D. formal Freud?
A. anal
67. Jinky lets Hannah copy during math test B. phallic
because Hannah agreed to let her copy during sibika C. latency
test. D. genital
A. punishment-obedience
B. mutual benefit 73. A boy is closer to his mother and a girl is closer
C. social approval to her father. These instances are under _____.
D. law and order A. oedipal complex
B. latent stage
68. When Mika is asked why she should not hit her C. phallic stage
brother, she responds “Because Mommy says so D. pre-genital stage
and if I do I will get yelled at.” Mika’s level of
moral development which of Kohlberg’s level? 74. When a little girl who says she wants her
A. pre-conventional mother to go on vacation so that she can marry her
B. conventional father, Freud believes that he is voicing a fantasy
C. post-conventional consistent with?
D. autonomous morality A. Oedipus Complex
B. Theory of the mind
69. Billy knows that when he goes out to dinner he C. Electra Complex
needs to follow certain rules and mind his manners D. Crisis of Initiative vs Guilt
at the table. Such standards are example of:
A. moral rule 75. Psychosexual development that occurs between
B. conventional rule the ages 3 and 6. The source of pleasure is the
C. post-conventional rule genitals.
D. pre-conventional rule A. Phallic
B. Genital
70. If an infant is denied oral satisfaction, he/she C. Latency
may experience later oral symptoms such as D. Oral
overeating, smoking, or dependency on others. The
term best describes this is: 76. Described as the final stage of human sexual
A. anal expulsive development. According to Freud’s theory, this
B. anal retentive stage begins at puberty and constitutes mature adult
C. oral aggressive sexuality.
D. oral receptive A. phallic
B. genital
71. As an adult, Cindy is uptight and extremely C. latency
rigid, often unwilling to make even small D. oral
adjustments in her schedule. Cindy is described in
Freudian term as _____. 77. According to Freud, all that we are aware of is
A. anal expulsive in the _____ level.
B. anal retentive A. conscious
C. oral aggressive B. unconscious
C. subconscious or confined to a pen. Which conditioning process is
D. nonconscious illustrated?
A. Generalization
78. Based on Freud’s theory, which operate/s when B. Acquisition
a student strikes a classmate at the height of anger? C. Extinction
A. Id D. Discrimination
B. Superego
C. Ego 84. If a child is bitten by a large, black dog, the
D. Id and Ego interact child may fear not only that black dog but also other
large dogs. Which conditioning process is
79. “Do not cheat. Cheating does not pay. If you do, illustrated?
you cheat yourself” says the voice from within you. A. Generalization
In the context of Freud’s theory, which is/are at B. Discrimination
work? C. Acquisition
A. Id D. Extinction
B. Superego
C. Ego 85. Teacher D claims: “If I have to give
D. Id and Ego interact reinforcement, it has to be given immediately after
the response.” Which theory supports Teacher D?
80. A child was punished for cheating in an exam. A. Operant
For sure the child won’t cheat again in short span of B. Cognitive theory
time, but this does not guarantee that the child C. Social-cognitive theory
won’t cheat ever again. Based on Thorndike’s D. Humanist theory
theory on punishment and learning, this shows that
_____. 86. Learning has taken plance when a strong bond
A. punishment strengthens a response between stimulus and response is formed. This is
B. punishment remove a response based on the theory of _____.
C. punishment doesn’t remove a response A. constructivist
D. punishment weakens a response B. predisposition
C. categorization
81. In classical conditioning, the natural and D. connectionism
unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus
(UCS) is known as the: 87. Teachers are very much aware of the need of
A. unconditioned stimulus motivation before discussing the main lesson. This
B. conditioned stimulus is anchored on which of Thorndike’s laws of
C. unconditioned response learning?
D. conditioned response A. Law of Readiness
B. Law of Exercise
82. What is a reinforcer? C. Law of Effect
A. any event that strengthens or increases a D. Law of Recency
response
B. something the individual finds pleasant 88. Observational learning has four major
C. anything that decreases a response processes. This process involves the actual
D. an incentive performance of an observed behavior.
A. reinforcement
83. Soc exhibits fear response to freely roaming B. attention
dogs but does not show fear when a dog is on leash C. retention
D. motor reproduction

89. The sudden reappearance of a response after a
period of extinction is called:
A. stimulus generalization
B. stimulus discrimination
C. extinction
D. spontaneous recovery
90. Which of these does not belong to
Bronfenbrenner’s microsystem as a factor of human
development?
A. Family
B. School
C. Peers
D. Local Politics
91. Of the five different levels of environment in
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, which is the
closest to the learner and the most influential?
A. microsystem
B. mesosystem
C. macrosystem
D. exosystem
92. Which is an example of a child’s mesosystem
that does not work favorably for the child?
A. The child is not in good terms with his peers.
B. There is so much hostility at home.
C. The child’s parent and teacher are at odds.
D. The child is sickly.
93. Which is an example of a child’s exosystem that
does not work favorably for the child?
A. A child gets bullied in school.
B. Mother gets a job promotion and so has less time
for supervision of her child’s homework.
C. The teacher plays favorites.
D. The child is asthmatic.
94. The anxiety of a child whose father belongs to
the army increases every time his father leaves for
duty. This proves that a child’s environment,
particularly affects a child’s development.
A. microsystem
B. mesosystem
C. exosystem
D. macrosystem
95. A Filipino Masters degree graduate is surprised
to know that he cannot proceed to the doctorate
program applied for in Louvain, Belgiu, because of
the short year basic education. Based on
Bronfenbrenner’s theory, to which system in
environment can this be attributed?
A. Mesosystem
B. Exosystem
C. Chronology system
D. Macrosystem
96. Based on his ecological theory, which would be
statements from Bronfenbrenner.
I. Recognize that the school cannot work in
isolation
II. Schools must connect with communities
III. Create a situation where the kids are more part
of the community
A. I and II
B. I, II and III
C. II and III
D. I and III
97. Twelve-year-old Kevin lives a country with
very low governmental standards for public
education. As a result, he is barely literate. The
public policies that impact Kevin’s education are
part of the _____.
A. chronosystem
B. macrosystem
C. mesosystem
D. microsystem
98. Which of the following is a teaching
implications of Ecological Systems Theory?
A. anticipate students’ progression through his eight
stages of human development
B. emphasize the need to socialize and interact with
others to learn
C. validate that each child is unique and
independent from his family and environment
D. take into accout the changing nature of society
and society’s influence on the student
99. This is one of Bronfenbrenner’s four social
levels or systems which refers to the relationship
between home and school, and parents and friends.
A. microsystem
B. chronosystem 106. Which psychological theory states that the
C. exosystem mind insists on finding patterns in things that
D. mesosystem contribute to the development of insight?
A. Piaget’s psychology
100. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which is the B. Gestalt psychology
highest level of need? C. Kohlberg psychology
A. Esteem D. Bruner’s psychology
B. Safety
C. Social 107. According to gestalt school of thought _____.
D. Self-actualization A. an individual perceives things as a whole
B. reinforcement and rewards can change behavior
101. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs includes all of the C. an individual learns from experiences
following needs except: D. none of these
A. Physiological
B. Psychological 108. The organization of the visual field into figures
C. Belongingness and background is called:
D. Self-actualization A. gestalt perceptions
B. perceptual sets
102. Before belonging needs can be met, which of C. figure-ground relationships
the following must be met first? D. grouping principles
A. Esteem
B. Physiological 109. Which group of pscyhologists researched how
C. Self-Actualization we organize perceptual experiences into the whole
D. None of these, belonging is first perception?
A. Behavioral psychologists
103. States that in all possible organizations that B. Structural psychologists
could be perceived from a visual stimulus, the one C. Gestalt psychologists
that will most likely occur is the one that possesses D. Perceptual psychologists
the best, simplest and most stable form.
A. similarity 110. According to the principle of similarity,
B. closure objects that look similar are likely to be perceived
C. proximity as:
D. pragnanz A. belonging in the same group
B. constant in color and shape
104. This law states that things that are near each C. farther away than unique, dissimilar objects
other are tend to be grouped together. D. occluding retinal disparity
A. Law of continuity
B. Law of proximity 111. The most basic Gestalt grouping principle that
C. Law of similarity involves seeing items that resemble each other as
D. Law of closure part of the same group is:
A. context
105. This law states that incomplete figures tend to B. continuity
be perceived as complete. C. figure-ground
A. Law of continuity D. similarity
B. Law of proximity
C. Law of similarity 112. Because the two teams wore uniforms of
D. Law of closure different colors, Kathy perceived the ten different
basketball players as two distinct groups. This best
illustrates the principle of:
A. closure
B. color constancy
C. proximity
D. similarity
113. If you briefly saw a picture of your mother’s
face but part of the picture was missing, your brain
might fill in the missing piece of the visual image
because of which Gestalt principle?
A. closure
B. color constancy
C. proximity
D. similarity
114. You present the learners with pictures of a
fireman, a fire engine, and a burning house. You
also have the sound of a siren playing in the
background. You are trying to:
A. elicit performance from the learners
B. provide guidance for the learners
C. have the learners recall information
D. gain attention of the learners
115. You tell the learners that in today’s class, they
must pay careful because they will be learning
about fire safety and steps they should take in case
of a fire. You are:
A. providing learner guidance
B. informing the learners of the objective of the
instruction
C. enhancing the learner’s retention of your
instruction
D. presenting stimulus material to the learners
116. You show the learners a short movie clip that
demonstrates the practice of stop, drop and roll if
clothing catches a fire. You are:
A. providing feedback to the learners
B. enhancing learner retention of the instruction
C. presenting stimulus material to the learners
D. providing learner guidance
117. You assist the learners in designing posters
that will help them to teach their family members
the stop, drop and roll technique. As posters are
designed, you make sure that the students
understand each step in the process. You are:
A. providing feedback to the learners
B. providing learner guidance
C. assessing learner performance
D. gaining attention of the learners
118. You have each of the students demonstrate
stop, drop and roll techniques in front of the group.
You ask the learners to pay careful attention to each
other’s performances and to be ready to offer
helpful hints to make things better. You are:
A. enhancing retention of the instruction
B. recalling information learned previously
C. eliciting performance
D. presenting stimulus material
119. On the next class day, you have students
perform the stop, drop and roll technique for you.
You also ask the learners to list five important
reminders about Fire Safety. You are:
A. assessing performance
B. providing feedback
C. presenting stimulus material
D. recalling information
120. According to the information processing
theory, information moves from _____ to working
memory, to long-term memory.
A. sensory memory
B. short-term memory
C. episodic memory
D. permanent memory
121. Which is true of sensory register?
A. processes information
B. encodes information for future retrieval
C. is the input from the environment
D. is the last stage of human memory
122. Short-term memory is sometimes referred to as
working memory because:
A. in order to hold information in short-term
memory, we must use it
B. it takes effort to move information from sensory
memory to short-term memory
C. it is the only part of our memory system that we
must actively engaged to retrieve previously learned
information
D. creating short term memories is a difficult taks
requiring lot of practice
123. The simplest way to maintain information in
short-term memory is to repeat the information in a
process called
A. chunking
B. rehearsal
C. revision
D. recall
124. Memory researchers define forgetting as the:
A. inability to retain information in working
memory long enough to make use of it
B. sudden loss of information after head trauma
C. inability to retrieve information from long-term
memory
D. process by which information is lost in transit
from short-term memory to long-term memory
125. Pre-natal development begins from conception
to birth when a sperm unites with an ovum to form
a single cell called:
A. chromosomes
B. embryo
C. mitosis
D. zygote
126. The following are the developmental tasks
under Early Adulthood except:
A. selecting a mate
B. taking on civic responsibility
C. getting started in occupation
D. developing adult leisure time activities
127. Which among the following is achieved during
the Middle Childhood stage?
A. social independence
B. personal independence
C. economic independence
D. emotional independence
128. Most Filipino parents have the tendency to be
overprotective about their children. If this tendency
goes way beyond the reasonable level, the children
could:
A. become independent
B. have a feeling of competence
C. have a sense of shame and doubt
D. become more active than passive
129. Erikson’s stages of development focus on:
A. hierarchy of needs
B. conflicts throughout lifespan
C. pleasurable erogenous zones
D. infancy and childhood development needs
130. Yeri, seven-year old girl, knows how to
arrange objects or their things according to weight,
shape, color or size. Yeri as a young learner has
already developed which concept according to Jean
Piaget?
A. conservation
B. decentering
C. reversibility
D. seriation
131. Of Piaget’s cognitive concepts, which refers to
the process of fitting new experiences to a
previously created structure or schema?
A. assimilation
B. schema
C. accommodation
D. equilibrium
132. At what level of Kohlberg’s stages of moral
development is Little Jaemin who behaves well to
get a strawberry jelly from her teacher?
A. pre-conventional
B. conventional
C. post conventional
D. can’t be determined
133. Jun is motivated to improve his metacognitive
skills. Which of the following ways does not
advance metacognition?
A. accepting new knowledge
B. assessing one’s own thinking
C. learning how to study
D. learning to organize thoughts
134. Last Song Syndrome (LSS) happens when you
cannot sing any other songs because a more recent
and popular song keeps on playing in your mind.
Based on Information Processing Model, this
happens because new information is blocking out
old information. This phenomenon is known as:
A. memory decay
B. proactive interference
C. retroactive interference
D. repression
135. Joy, a seven-year-old girl, wants to become a
KPOP idol someday. She always uses her hair brush
as her mic and perform her favorite song, Lovesick
Girls, in front of her mother. What pre-operational
ability did Joy manifest?
A. symbolic function
B. transductive reasoning
C. animism
D. egocentrism
136. Sungjae is aware that he studies more
effectively and works better in a quiet library rather
than at home where there are a lot of distractions.
Among the categories of metacognitive knowledge,
which is/are exemplified in this situation?
A. person variable
B. task variable
C. strategy variable
D. all of the above
137. Irene is well acquainted with the songs
Nobody, Way Back Home, Colors, but she did not
know, until she was told, that these were all KPOP
songs. What process of meaningful learning is
exemplified?
A. derivative subsumption
B. correlative subsumption
C. superordinate learning
D. combinatorial learning
138. Jennie repeats the information she just learned
verbatim, either mentally or aloud. What method for
increasing information did she use?
A. context
B. rehearsal
C. elaboration
D. personalization
139. Which of the following describes the
maladaptive tendency in middle adulthood?
A. The person believes that he alone is right.
B. The person becomes very negative and appears
to hate life.
C. The person does not participate in activities or
contribute to society.
D. They no longer allow time for themselves, for
rest and relaxation.
140. What is Oedipus complex?
A. Girls developing unconscious sexual attraction
towards their father.
B. Boys developing unconscious sexual attraction
towards their father.
C. Girls developing unconscious sexual desire for
their mother.
D. Boys developing unconscious sexual desire for
their mother.
141. Children in concrete-operational stage think
logically but only in terms of concrete objects.
Which of the following is an example of this?
A. Child perceives different features of objects and
situation.
B. Child perceives the relationship in one instance
and then use that relationship to narrow down
possible answers in another similar
situation/problem.
C. Child thinks logically by applying a general rule
to a particular instance or situation.
D. Reasoning appears to be from particular to
particular: a causes b, then b causes a
142. Which of the following describes the
malignant tendency in the eighth stage?
A. This person cannot believe anyone would mean
them harm.
B. Characterized by depression, paranoia and
possible psychosis.
C. The person becomes very negative and appears
to hate life.
D. The person believes that he alone is right.
143. If parents are there the minute the first cry
come out, will lead the baby into the maladaptive
tendency which Erikson calls:
A. hope
B. fanaticism
C. presumption
D. sensory maladjustment
144. Which of the following virtues below is
developed if you get a proper, positive balance of
industry vs. inferiority?
A. competency
B. willpower
C. courage
D. hope
145. The person feels as if everything must be done
perfectly; mistakes must be avoided at all costs.
This describe the malignant tendency in stage:
A. 8 – Integrity vs Despair
B. 7 – Generativity vs Stagnation
C. 3 – Initiative vs Guilt
D. 2 – Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
146. What is a measurable limitation that interferes
with a person’s ability?
A. disability
B. handicap
C. impairment
D. all of the above
147. Kohlberg identified six stages of moral
reasoning into three major levels. Which of the
following correctly describes the third stage?
A. The person will follow the law because it is the
law.
B. One is motivated to act by the benefit that one
may obtain later.
C. The person acts because he/she gives importance
on what people will think or say.
D. One is motivated by fear of punishment. He will
act in order to avoid punishment.
148. With Mildred Parten’s stages of play in mind,
which of the following describes associative play?
A. The child plays with toys similar to those near
him, but only plays beside and not with them. No
interaction takes place.
B. The child plays with others. There is interaction
among them, but no task assignment, rules and
organization agreed upon.
C. The child plays alone, with toys different from
those of others, and be uninterested or unaware of
what others around them are doing.
D. The child plays with others bound by some
agreed upon rules and roles. The goal is maybe to
make something, play a game or act out something.
149. Addicts who recover in the context of a drug
treatment facility may experience a resurgence of
craving for their drug of choice once they leave the
facility and come into contact with people, places or
things associated with the drug. In classical
conditioning, this is called:
A. generalization
B. discrimination
C. spontaneous recovery
D. extinction
150. Ni-ki automatically salivates at the thought of
an ice cream. The ice cream in this situation
represents the:
A. unconditioned response
B. unconditioned stimulus
C. conditioned response
D. conditioned stimulus
151. When the learner reaches a point where no
further improvements can be expected, he is in a so-
called:
A. development crisis
B. learning plateau
C. regression
D. repression
152. In the cognitive and metacognitive factors,
what process is involved when the learner is able to
link new information and experiences in meaningful
ways?
A. construction of knowledge
B. goal-directed learning process
C. learning of complex subject matter
D. strategic thinking process
153. When the successful learner can create and use
repertoire of thinking and reasoning ways to
achieve complex learning goals, what cognitive and
metacognitive factors is involved?
A. nature of learning process
B. goals of the learning process
C. strategic thinking process
D. context of learning process
154. Which of the following does not intrinsically
motivate and influence the learner to learn?
A. emotional state
B. interests and goals
C. habits of thinking
D. high scholastic ratings
155. Below are the six aspects of study habits listed
in no particular order. Which should be the correct
logical and systematic sequency of the six aspects?
1. Note-taking and reading
2. Organizing and planning the work
3. Preparing an assignment/project
4. Motivation
5. Managing school work stress
6. Working with others
A. 4-2-6-5-1-3
B. 4-2-5-6-3-1
C. 4-3-5-2-6-1
D. 4-1-3-5-6-2
156. On what condition(s) can a learner effectively
learn despite different opportunities and constraints
for learning that interfere?
A. when learning materials for learning are
appropriate, suited to his developmental level
B. when the learning activity is interesting and
enjoyable
C. when he is ready and capable to perform a
particular task
D. all of these mentioned are favorable conditions
for effective learning
157. Which of the following does not belong to the
stages of personality dimensions of Erik Erikson’s
Psychosocial Development during infancy and
childhood?
A. Trust vs Mistrust
B. Industry vs Inferiority
C. Intimacy vs Isolation
D. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
158. Scaffolding is a teaching technique in assisting
a learner to accomplish a given learning task. From
whom and what theory of development was this
technique based?
A. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
B. Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning
C. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
D. Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory
159. It is a stage of moral development
characterized by Kohlberg that is associated with
the development of one’s conscience having set of
standards that drives one to possess moral
responsibility to make societal changes regardless
of consequences to oneself.
A. universal ethical principle
B. social approval
C. mutual benefit
D. law and order
160. A learner who feels more comfortable to learn
with the aid of abstract symbolism such as
mathematical formula or written word, possesses
what kind of sensory learning style?
A. visual-iconic style
B. imagery learning style
C. visual enactive style
D. visual-symbolic style
161. Which of the following characterizes left-
brained dominant individual?
A. visual, responds to tone of voice, responds to
emotion
B. processes information in varied order, random,
gestures when speaking
C. verbal, responds to word meaning, plans ahead,
responds to logic
D. impulsive, less punctual, prefers frequent
mobility while studying
162. Which of the following categories of
exceptional learners is described as having
difficulty in focusing and maintaining attention with
recurrent hyperactive-impulsive behavior?
A. emotional/conduct disorders
B. learning disabilities
C. autism
D. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
163. Edward Thorndike’s Connectionism Theory of
Learning came up with three primary laws. Which
law/s states that when a connection between
stimulus and response is strengthened, learning is
satisfying: when weakening, learning is annoying?
A. Law of Exercise
B. Law of Effect
C. Law of Readiness
D. All of the above
164. You can take the horse to the river, but you
cannot force the horse to drink. Which law(s) of
learning by Thorndike is/are analogous to his
statement?
A. Law of Effect
B. Law of Exercise
C. Law of Readiness
D. All of the above
165. Fear of the dentist from a painful experience,
fear of heights from falling off a high chair when
we were infants or even fear of falling in love after
a failed relationship are learned through:
A. observational learning
B. classical conditioning
C. operant conditioning
D. insight learning
166. Mrs. Ramos taught her four-year-old son to tie
his shoe lace by following sequential step. Mrs.
Ramos gave her child reinforcement (reward) every
time the boy performed the step until he was able to
do the entire sequence successfully. What process
of learning did the boy use to learn in tying his shoe
lace?
A. behavior shaping
B. negative reinforcing
C. behavioral chaining
D. classical conditioning
167. Which of the following shows the correct order
of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs from top to
bottom?
A. physiological, safety, love and belongingness,
esteem and self-actualization
B. physiological, safety, esteem, love and
belongingness, self-actualization
C. self-actualization, esteem, love and
belongingness, safety, physiological
D. self-actualization, love and belongingness,
esteem, safety and physiological
168. Which of the following is an example of a
positive punishment in BF Skinner’s Operant
Conditioning?
A. a teacher promises extra time in the play area to
children who behave well during the lesson
B. a mother gave additional household chores to her
daughter who failed their final examination
C. a student who always comes late is not allowed
to join a group work that has already began
therefore loses points for that activity
D. a teacher announces that a student who gets an
average grade of 1.25 for the two grading periods
will no longer take the final examination
169. Which of the following best reflects negative
reinforcement?
A. Teresa is scolded when she runs through house
yelling
B. Aditya is praised for having the best essay in
class
C. A child who improves their grade in math to an
A is exempted from having to wash the dishes after
dinner for a month
D. A police officer gives a ticket to a driver who is
speeding, reducing their available money
170. Positive reinforcement _____ the likelihood of
a behavior, and negative reinforcement _____ the
likelihood of a behavior.
A. increases, increases
B. decreases, decreases
C. increases, decreases
D. decreases, increases
171. What is the underlying principle of learning in
the Social Learning Theory proposed by Albert
Bandura?
A. people can learn by observing the behavior of
others and the outcomes of those behavior
B. learning has to be presented by a permanent
change in behavior
C. a child learns more effectively with the aid of
teaching machines
D. modeling is not favorable in learning, hence it 177. The bird in a cage is given food every ten
does not provide positive behavior vicariously minutes regardless of how many times it presses the
bar. This is an example of what kind of
172. Which is the correct sequence in modeling the reinforcement schedule?
behavior of others? A. fixed interval
A. attention – motivation – retention – motor B. fixed ratio
reproduction C. variable interval
B. attention – motor-reproduction – retention – D. variable ratio
motivation
C. attention – retention – motor reproduction – 178. A small jewelry business owner gives
motivation customer freebies after every two purchases from
D. motivation – attention – retention – motor her shop. This is an example of what kind of
reproduction reinforcement schedule?
A. fixed interval
173. Children learn what they live by. Treat them B. fixed ratio
with respect and they will respect others. Shout at C. variable interval
them and they will be shouting at others, too. How D. variable ratio
would you explain this behavior?
A. They are easily impressed. 179. Student Jun blamed his low exam score on
B. They are imitative. their instructor rather than his own lack of
C. They cannot tell right from wrong. preparation. What defense mechanism is applied in
D. They are observant. this situation?
A. Denial
174. I cannot forget my friend’s birthday for it B. Rationalization
comes one day after my birthday. Which principle C. Repression
of association as applied to memory explains this? D. Sublimation
A. contiguity
B. similarity 180. A child may complain that there is little ice
C. contrast cream left in a big bowl but will be satisfied if the
D. frequency ice cream is transferred to a little bowl, even though
nothing is added. Piaget termed this children’s
175. The recall of an object or idea triggers recall of tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation,
other objects like it. Which principle of association problem, or object and neglect other significant
as applied to memory is this? features as:
A. contrast A. animism
B. frequency B. centration
C. similarity C. conservation
D. contiguity D. egocentrism

176. The bird is given food after it presses the bar 181. A boy is closer to his mother and a girl is
three times, then after ten times, then after four closer to her father. These instances are under:
times. This is an example of what kind of A. genital stage
reinforcement schedule? B. latent stage
A. fixed interval C. phallic stage
B. fixed ratio D. oral stage
C. variable interval
D. variable ratio 182. If a child is bitten by a large, black dog, the
child may fear not only that black dog but also other
large dogs. Which conditioning process is B. insight learning
illustrated? C. analytical learning
A. Discrimination D, trial and error learning
B. Extinction
C. Acquisition 184. If you have to develop in the students a correct
D. Generalization sense of right and wrond, with which should you be
concerned according to Freud?
183. Wendy has been staring at a tangram. She is A. superego
figuring out how to solve it and suddenly, an idea B. ego
flashed in her mind and excitedly she was able to C. id
learn how to solve the tangram. This exemplifies: D. superego and ego
A. metacognition