CHOOSE THE CORRECT VERB TENSES TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BELOW.

1I never went /am never going/have never been to the Himalayas. I'd like to go someday.'
Correct answer: have never been
➪ We use the present perfect to talk about past experiences when we don’t say or we don’t
know when something happened.
➪ We often use the words never, ever, or before to talk about experiences.
2Why have you driven/are you driving/do you drive so fast? Please, slow down!
Correct answer: are you driving
➪ We use the present continuous for actions in progress now or 'around now'.
3A: I'm late for my flight! B: Don't worry. I 'm going to drive/ 'm driving/ 'll drive you to the airport.
Correct answer: 'll drive
➪ We use will to express instant decisions (decisions that we make at the moment of speaking).
4We live/have lived/ are living in this house since we got married.
Correct answer: have lived
➪ We can use the present perfect with for, since or how long to ask or talk about situations that started in the
past and have not finished.
5A: When have you arrived/did you arrive/were you arriving? B: Last night.
Correct answer: did you arrive
➪ We use the past simple (NOT present perfect) when we say or ask when something happened.
6When I met John; he went through/go through/was going through difficult times.
Correct answer: was going through
➪ We use the past continuous for actions in progress in the past or longer actions interrupted by shorter actions
in past simple.
7It was cold, but I didn't have my coat because I had given/have given/gave it to my nephew.
Correct answer: had given
➪ We use the past perfect simple to talk about single actions completed earlier in the past.
8 Will you/Are you going to/Do you watch the game tonight?
Correct answer: Are you going to
➪ We use be going to to talk or ask about someone's plans and intentions (decisions that have been made at
the time of speaking).
9What are you doing/do you do/have you done on Thursdays after class?
Correct answer: do you do
➪ We use present simple to talk about habits; for actions that we do (o we don’t do) regularly.
10 do you pass/will you pass/are you passing me the book, please?
Correct answer: Will you pass
➪ We use will for offers and requests (when we ask someone to do something).
Complete the sentences below with the verbs in brackets in the correct form: present simple or continuous,
past simple or continuous, present perfect simple or continuous, past perfect, shall, will or be going to.
1A: Don’t go outside. It (rain) a lot now. You (get) wet!
B: Oh. I (take) an umbrella then.
Correct answers: is raining / are going to get / will take
➪ We use the present continuous for actions in progress now or 'around now'.
➪ We use be going to to predict future events that we can see will happen (there is present evidence).
➪ We use will to express instant decisions (decisions that we make at the moment of speaking).
2A: Can you give me that knife?
B: What (do) with it?
A: I (cut) a piece of pizza. I'm hungry. Do you want some?
B: No, thanks, I'm not hungry; I (just/eat) a sandwich.
Correct answers: are you going to do / am going to cut / have just eaten
➪ In the first and second gaps, we use be going to to talk or ask about someone's plans and intentions (decisions that
have been made at the time of speaking).
➪ We often use the present perfect with just, already and yet to talk about recent past actions.
3POLICE OFFICER: What (do) at the time the victim died?
SUSPECT: I (have) dinner with my old school friends. We were very excited because we (see) each other for a long time.
Correct answers: were you doing / was having / had not seen
➪ In the first and second gaps, we use the past continuous for actions in progress in the past or longer actions interrupted
by shorter actions in past simple.
➪ We use the past perfect simple to talk about events happening earlier in the past.
4A: (you/go) to the concert next week?
B: Yes, I (already/buy) the tickets!
Correct answer: are you going (to go) / have already bought
➪ In the first gap, we can use the present continuous or be going to to talk or ask about someone's plans or arrangements.
➪ We often use the present perfect with just, already and yet to talk about recent past actions.
5A: (ever/be) to an ACDC concert?
B: Yes, I (go) to their concert in Berlin last year.
Correct answers: Have you ever been / went
➪ We often use the present perfect with the words never, ever, or before to talk or ask about past experiences. We don't
mention when they happened.
➪ We use the past simple (NOT present perfect) when we mention or ask about when something happened.
6A: I (cook) all morning. I'm really tired.
B: Don't worry, I (help) you finish.
➪ We use the present perfect continuous with dynamic verbs for situations which started in the past and have not
finished or have just finished. There's often a present result from doing the action: I'm tired.
➪ We use will to express instant decisions (decisions that we make at the moment of speaking).
7A: Why (drink) tea today? You (never/drink) tea.
B: Because I (drink) too many cups of coffee yesterday.
Correct answers: are you drinking / never drink / drank
➪ In the first gap, we use the present continuous to talk about a temporary action (NOT a habit), which is
happening now or 'around now'.
➪ In the second gap, we use the present simple to talk about a habit.
➪ We use the past simple to talk about past finished actions when we mention or ask about when something happened.
8A: How long (we/drive)?
B: Too long. I'm tired. (we/stop) for coffee?
A: OK.
Correct answers: have we been driving / Shall we stop
➪ We can use both the present perfect simple or continuous with how long, for, and since to talk about situations that
started in the past and have not finished, but the present perfect continuous is more common when the verb
is dynamic (action verbs).
➪ We use shall I or shall we to make offers and suggestions.
 HAVE TO, MUST, SHOULD – OBLIGATION, PROHIBITION, NECESSITY, ADVICE
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below.
1When we were at school we had to/ought to/must wear a uniform.
Correct answer: had to
➪ Both must and have to can be used for obligations, things that are necessary. However, we cannot use must to
talk about the past.
2You ought not to/don't have to/musn't be an expert to use the basic functions of program.
Correct answer: don't have to
➪ We use mustn't to say that something is prohibited, that you are not allowed to do something, and we
use don't have to to say that something is not necessary (although you are allowed to do it).
3You 've got/must/should to tell her that you are sorry.
Correct answer: 've got
➪ In informal English we can say have got to instead of have to. We cannot use should or must in this
sentence, because we cannot say should to or must to.
4We had got to/must/had to go to the meeting. Why didn't you go?
Correct answer: had to
➪ Be supposed to is similar to must or should; it is used for obligations or things we are expected to do.
➪ The form have got to only has a present form, not a past form.
5I musn't/shouldn't/don't have to wear glasses, I still can see perfectly well.
Correct answer: don't have to
➪ We use don't have to for things that are not necessary (although you are allowed to do it).
6We went to bed right after dinner because we had to/must/should get up early the following day.
Correct answer: had to
➪ Both must and have to can be used for obligations, things that are necessary. However, we cannot
use must to talk about the past.
➪ We use should to give advice or opinion, and it doesn't have a past meaning, only present or future
7We should to/must/can go for a drink one day.
Correct answer: must
➪ We use must for strong recommendations: You must see this film, it's great.
➪ We use infinitive without to after all modal verbs
8You didn't have to/hadn't to/shouldn't take any money. It wasn't necessary.
Correct answer: didn't have to
➪ The verb have is not an auxiliary verb in have to. To make the negative and interrogative forms, we need to
add do/does or don't/doesn't in the present and did/didn't in the past.
➪ We use should to give advice or opinion, and it doesn’t have a past meaning, only present or future.
9What are you doing? You don't have to/ought not/must not be here!
➪Must not is used for things that we are not allowed to do.
➪ In this sentence, we could also say ought not to (with to).
10We weren't allowed to/shouldn't/mustn't talk to each other because it was an exam.
Correct answer: weren't allowed to
➪ The form not be allowed to is similar to must not, we use it to express prohibition.
➪ Must and should do not have a past meaning.
Have to, must, should – obligation, prohibition, necessity, advice
1You should visit them.
a.could b.ought to c.must
➪ We use should and ought to to give advice.

2You mustn't use the swimming pool before 10. Choose TWO correct options
a.aren't allowed to b.don't have to c.can't
➪ We can use not be allowed to or cannot to talk about something that is prohibited or that you are not
expected to do.

3We have to clean our room every day.

a.ought to b.should c.'ve got to
➪ In spoken informal English, you can often use ‘ve got to instead of have to.

4You must come and see this. Choose TWO correct options
a.'ve got to b.can c.have to
➪ We use must, have to or have got to (informal) to express strong advice.

5You mustn't arrive late. Choose TWO correct options

a.aren't allowed to b.don't have to c.can't
➪ We can use mustn't, cannot or not be allowed to to talk about something that is prohibited or that
you are not expected to do.

6You shouldn't go so fast. It's a bit dangerous.

a.ought not to b.mustn't c.don't have to
➪ We use should not and ought not to give advice.
➪ We use don’t have to to say that something is not necessary.
➪ We use mustn’t to say that something is prohibited, that you are not allowed to do something

7Do I have to go to the meeting with them?

a.Must I b.Can't I c.Am I allowed to
➪ We can use have to or must to talk about things that are necessary.

8I have to get up early.

a.could b.'ve got to c.should
➪ We can use have to or have got to (informal) to talk about things that are necessary or obligatory.

9You mustn't take that elevator. It's only for staff. Choose TWO correct options
a.can't b.aren't allowed to c.don't have to
➪ We can use mustn’t, cannot or be not allowed to to talk about something that is prohibited.

10We aren't allowed to play outside under any circumstances.

a.ought not to b.mustn't c.shouldn't
➪ We can use can’t or be not allowed to instead of mustn’t.