[equiva lany. current Carr gig paper: SHS (in Mae Causes moa tnes magnet re force us bang vaty | Curren +1 Space Su Be ee prance of fircth establish @e A leat ef Fler current Sach mat me mae closed vary arouwnk the te all res porn. 7o defined as He H Magnehe field ratensity OO rurrenE fer unre eng re oF Fue fur Line is x ¢é Pe or 7 Am POrys a hawee" ~ oh a eee aensytg CBD fe eatasresy, Nn Oy reas a pakensttg CHD to 64 rans ‘ el o peopertiy o ‘ f Fs mudi, BY 2 of Ang NON-magnete A rain Paealivetray nikex ~ le of mngnetre Pan denvig B and frida. oan era C2 earns = Me = (r m Te perme abintt of free apace] ue! ar ot A z wo = —. a Ane | Pang fas cat) ether medram, our ran fru = Calatrion bf BUH 1D given by ~ | spaces us (B= we H] [ee P/n | L R hroh rn BAA | magneto TAG Force f re nec Yt j . espapershrrent of ra agoche Hae Wn ang | por : \ pnarerias 4 az] 2 3 = = B&B et. | BS = OTR F mar Cees ren Pon Ra radtas °r < ' { Be fe = b = FH ER A aw R iS SPR ALK a | a exe TR E (& cE). 7JaR > as (a2 te Ela’ Kx = a co ok 4% . ee cian ce gk a, v * a fermeanl® L Cetuceno ; / Electrte) Cureat t mag nee CK, oO Ems = TKR ® mF nr ® Restsh = @. 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My te : 0-7 for 51 0-3 for Ge- EySap - y ORLOV TD . 5) Hn Ce sistance C -Forvon rh bing). ee for va Dp — 7 >s =e ( we, wrerts ‘ va 72 appired forward bias vo thage: Cive- FB / wee) ye Thermal volhaye = KT Ke Bolteman’s sty a pend. 02% xo 2% Tr) K- To Absolute Sem. of diode tw Kelvia- ! 4 3, oo). pe? exe STS: ta boro (2 &D- a? Sentara, tacky + Va Vay j Vp7o. 7 c VANt >t, i ae a va HO pieetss Chere Saber Care)nee Corarge Canrdens, mrdecort by een” are He Charnt- These ‘ YO/ Vx oS data. 4 | ss l eae Je} : eend owk four Comibne fod & given 2 Alo backward eas : ede , daheT chee en > wag ‘ t 3 | bint : ; | ee ‘ { pe. é a pha vo ‘ ' we? yo tte : pret” (ape? et a? eb). enna out C yrent 1 tre © fetes oo as -3 wo a qxierst (eae nokta tae Ce+ containing a dpode to find put proke of 2 droce (on PSF) or assume all re diodes oi Cond Heoe pa oO” con dno frac 2 Assumlnd He GU d'o hes ont ditrechiow Qurrnt pwrongl pe dco ds -a G) ate Frade rial APA prod i+4 ont te 8 pure +f sm (ede ivela 2 RESID @) : 7 ; ov —s (x 1k ofr ee oy eC ie ee deode 4 aAlwY (ee 6] ane = aeyy n a Si ot $ . 2 PRO s —_— — | oO Ass dvodes CFS on oe ae, (botn diodes “re aes es Vo a Assuming faat dAvode 1 on.en -0-7 “a 2 —— ly —4yloo0 xt youn 22 a 10 +5 - are nv 127 b- & he ee t we 9: 3V ca BW? ase com Yene 51,6 RE \e Ve yy Ve, wae * whch wai AL prank Ge Ke \ ; hye ck de Mode geen ha on rdeal gone myer arecle« wet Do ./? ie tim duted« and dvocle 2 of ot. pee forwarh rede! O= @=? Nowlo yiseo 4 oO (seed Avece 1e- yypin pad nia bf Dr fe OM go 7B s — A a BY rev od Barry foick 9% ona ansuenpren ats nor perritls 122 a wrong ren Dv Ort. AT [assume 2 i errsP Ret firs ee sain ode :Va sve as pele V, 2 Vm : kms iD Youg =? pene 2 en 182 Perk Mnverse vol age jp, hm pa nl et Karerre az “ oud aero He diode nelhe ; i Ravers biased— b+ Be A \ \ b: 2 CN Lo . me Breakdown he dyocke: whenevas Foe reverse Velhehag = yn Leet cross @ diode Ft ect Gpetd mela, repnits I~ He from tHe -naclenr - ae a ate diode - : Prve By CER any hE) t | Breddown Vol bye - Peak jrwurpe Vebnge- oO Re pple foals dae nntf -wonre ¢fe te Dome wervaats Ie vit ore art le mt FE pet uo ee vou ® “a Caen Raedipen enep tr Ret ere wort teaET Ce Bitten ett ; , Vivewe Dereve Hae Fa” fr an Ce tt ‘ pyartind wel tage TR vide = C-dv Cafacinr io oy (~ evo fanatetee |. ch final Avsets - L . aw ens IR eeAvent usa ve for poi tine elt de pre" ~ og a realet con duk 4 ' eh po BS Cy poner BE drods ts eeeFull wave brrdqe Ceebrfrer =~In Center tap full wave dechigro Hae tahinds of ge dvode have fo be botce the Rabing od Wode , used ta 1] wave bridge Orch. J oe log) ware Coser - Cosh cI fuile budge (centers | 1 Wynn than path ~ bride neck fru ae re J re frenafornse- fresed ‘yo foot] [piso Tanchen Pron bie ator | device made by tebmenal Pedy es matertat. - Sp, t0 A ae | Sandi tehing of d@ Teapuaitres In Semicond uch’ _ eyt to 4 three i fermmal dewee- @ Nector,- emitty 4 \e— toate Doping ie uniformly 0 Aarther sided Diode rn 63T emitter = very heart doped. © G+) Sg sAdicaba a heavily doped) | Caer of majority charg ¢ Carriers). Coleco r= uighteg doped Base =, east do pedi fo chon ef BT Bot Can ho PNP 7a tyre Lal re fe pe fs = 22 gaput Parameter Vee and Je- out Pat parameter 2 oe Vee anh F* & Vee Veo + Yee = (Ve-ve)) 4 C¥e-VYe)- i Vee ant Fe"Var 2 constant of Viet tin und Veg witht 2. Veg td Ceever™® atas). : width with Qh. a ee increasing Vee + woe : B ance higher i ges ble: pisdor.2eoy Binstag |: =a Application of a BC voldage to the tansy Ihe transistor to operate ag Biastng betps ceatin Pornt. or Oper 4 | farhcular Opoins | | wel th Cmibes - | | a Fixed Biasing tow Wo find @ oink’ - Soma ane rmateals 1) From tye Tapat “paramcter Pind 6 y B-E qenckton- ach Hig, * 2) reePlp: KVL in ont Prk Cdr ott 2 toe Vee Site Re=0. Be “Mee -? Vee =Ov ap 2 B Rg O7- TeRe=0 Te -(148) Veu- taha- “oe (+b) 2,R EF? ‘ Veep -Yeez tafe e[tot Cuprre] Veo ~ VBE Lp = —_————_ Re > Urb) be (ches , Sp ef an Pransis tor depinds apon He eamere nae res i ‘i de 6 PX y kerO: Are crired | + yf ww Geto 7+ jem perabere’ sadepenoerk Oe orp Renae tp: Vee 1 See: @ReE, y (Fe eur 2s Jf. chu.bo - LeC4+oex to Ernd @point of & franststor.- i) 30.7 - Ee A1E Q0= 0: | so K De =? |fon Le (rooxton™) ne - CFA) *8 es ne rp een - ce eron eran ees rae pegey lon x 2002 -VCE -Cer rgWen eae” 12 (Yer= g.esv) ater pe [ two supel Emnenh | Le Mee Lve* bite Rp Vors= Cire? 78 Ker - Vee" Neeo™ See M68 3.08 ha + (Clb) SE kt GD tek est temp ete _ Cre) le 222 Ce jou 13 eed Barhion tne wales, dee AOee padepen dice yn weet outed mak~ vel paw f aed dy mote Elm rev" gl [eed bae —=e ty = — (ip) Se - - Vat ; ta Ke adR « MVee7 7s Ore a Bo) ( Z00%!? >)- Fs x 19 >= 0° 10 Eo Fat Usk : e £ ) i Citgo ec »2 soxte, Bic aes ee a etvas Ca, =