EEE 2121

Basic Laws and Principles

Md. Sakib Hasan Khan

Lecturer
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering(EEE)
KUET

Copyright: KUET EEE

 Induction

Electrostatic Induction Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Induction

A B
 Magnet Falling Through a Ring

Falling magnet slows as it approaches a copper ring

which has been immersed in liquid nitrogen.
Faraday’s Law of Induction

dB
 =−
dt
A changing magnetic flux
induces an EMF
What is EMF?

 =  E  ds
Looks like potential. It’s a “driving force”
for current
Faraday’s Law of Induction

dB
 =  E  ds = −
dt
A changing magnetic flux induces an
EMF, a curling E field
Magnetic Flux Through Wire Loop

(1) Uniform B

B = B⊥ A = BA cos = B  A

(2) Non-Uniform B

Φ B =  B  dA
S
Minus Sign? Lenz’s Law
Induced EMF is in direction that opposes the change in
flux that caused it
Faraday’s Law of Induction

dB
 =−
dt
Changing magnetic flux induces an EMF

Lenz: Induction opposes change

Ways to Induce EMF

d
 = − ( BA cos  )
dt
• Quantities which can vary with time:
• Magnitude of B
• Area A enclosed by the loop
• Angle  between B and loop normal
Group Discussion:
Magnet Falling Through a Ring

Falling magnet slows as it approaches a copper ring which has been

immersed in liquid nitrogen.
Example: Magnitude of B Magnet Falling
Through a Ring

Falling magnet approaches a copper ring

or Copper Ring approaches Magnet

Moving Towards Dipole

Move
ring
down

As ring approaches, what happens to flux?

Flux up increases
 Question:
Faraday’s Law
 Question:
Loop in Uniform Field
Loop in Uniform Field
Bout

v
A rectangular wire loop is pulled through a uniform B
field penetrating its top half, as shown. The induced
current and the force and torque on the loop are:

1. Current CW, Force Left, No Torque

2. Current CW, No Force, Torque Rotates CCW
3. Current CCW, Force Left, No Torque
4. Current CCW, No Force, Torque Rotates CCW
5. No current, force or torque
PRS Answer: Loop in Uniform Field

Bout

Answer: 5. No current, force or torque

The motion does not change the magnetic flux, so Faraday’s Law says there
is no induced EMF, or current, or force, or torque.
Of course, if we were pulling at all up or down there would be a force to
oppose that motion.