29 Tyl 2025 Saturday Fungal. Association T with Lower plants — oe es iw —> Fungi JS - = q Algae _ " te Rook itke GHUCIUTe =e ar Fungi me —_—_- — pees Vee —— association of Laas algae and Fungi oF [ike SHnuctULe J (chens} obattig yy oe a — = Algal component —>_ phy — > Fungal Component —> Myoblon=> PRVvide asachment- (ct as 100ts) (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner|) aT — Lichens_ = = ;2 Permanent assodation of algae and fung!. — 8@ Pioneer species C15 organism on bare rock) a zi on) sl a = in -| = > a» i > Ae i Cs oe > Z bao = | D> bare rcs crustese__paose Cent) 24 # | > lichens nvr PruHcose Uchens > 2 = r 2 ; i ~- olution yndi 4 > 2 ~ e ke A (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner\8S0.——— —____ENgland__before_\gS0___} Sat After ih = = . = Before cod) used aS fule __ Coal burning =, ~ = os a Taal ————— = Sy = — =a 7 ~—— — Ssh i itt _———— ) ( ie ee ¢ Seeks Wis Suse SRE bichens @ nt “EB, Lichens Ent — Air pollu ___ Air_pollukien © Nill = a nese ae =e a —— —Fngt Root Sof higner Helps in mineral Plants absorpHen (provide food) (phosphorus) Fungt— toots 2 i i Provide fesistanyce against -aveugh & disease: = Expression of ‘sym’ gene is required for the format an nf ___-mycorthiza_This_gene_is ® in all plants which 1epiesent Commo = Ahcenstory . (& Scanned with OKEN ScannerSS | youvs = ae —_ : ; = = = Mycorthiza. =e 5 = Ectomycorthiza : __Endomycorrhtzo__ a ms ae = 2 a ~~ ew per (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner99 Jul 2023 SS OOS Plant Kingdom = TQxONOMY ee) a Taxis omy Qreek A P.Ne candole ' t___ateps- » © charaderisation eZ @ _sdentification ue classification { > @___ Nomenclature. x = 7 > oa oe s— Ea ay ici PhulogeneHc. — v ie, Engler _and AristoHe see Pecnne Hooker Brant 3 Linnaeus > \ : ‘ > y= Artificial Oustem OF Classification! saat > ] 2 proposed by => Aristotle & CaroluS Linnaeus. ; sole el pe Seccis — asis—>/ Ard 2 Eq leaf size, shape reproductive Feature. Pr _secause vagelarive chovaciers are easily of@cted by —__ envilonment | 5 Muhich Generatecl Closely telaied epecies: A (® scanned with OKEN ScannerclassiFicator YY heiinaeades ~Biopased by.» Bantam and “Hoo ker. “environment and_organisio— pass —> Natural \_aftini tes_bet” and also_induded_ ond_inkesnal-featut ae = po Embryology [= any creistry — dea —— <= —$——— Phylogenetic System of Classi es | gasis —> evolutionary history & i = _brvoF pirnicus a ir k_ — Kenua pithiclS tona— they have common Se Se es S < ‘ « é I > Homo Lion Tiger Leopard jae 2 a g} habilis rectus Sapiens (20) (riatis) (pardus) (Panther) _ =sn_can be eastablish 1 C (ried I | (® scanned with OKEN Scanner: -— Types _ of Taxonomy = ee Y hb y SSE ——Numerical Cytota Aonom or chemo taxon = [tasenamy i aryotaxonomy— = 5 Ss stuctite. —$—> ssl oe ® chotaders_can be chromosome @B studied by the _heip ao Poe computers. no_stuudure | Za »R 4 Behaviour : -cuystals Tm2inns of chomclers = Can _be studied. = SEstSke | 2B equal weightage = chara cer, a a 2 codes assign’ +.-.0 s @ Aug 2025 Lect=o2 a Thursday = wT) CBD ~c Eo enya Lo = ceo. Pheophyceae ——Rhodophy cece Z Careen Algae) (Brown algae) (Red algae) = : ZF Brown. ep Coo m_height B eo F we A (® scanned with OKEN Scanner= ag |p} a _—_@Z Tz — at tf = ige——— = L “ZS a a I 5 = @_| Gnacilasia & | qeiaiwe = ie Porphy teu. = + chlamydomanas, p i . 218 « Tol pictyocta. 4 (® scanned with OKEN Scannereg ey > s a daughter s cobties chara, > AME chlamydamonas S Le ; S nanos | CEE ; ». ultothrtz, 5 , ‘ ~ 4 J ( Brown K 4 > f \ ong | = \ —" San —=_—lominaria Fucu. | pickyota. => = = ae (Red lgae ) xe = 2 Porphyria. (aap ee = Edible Algae = ae @) 8 § few pm _y { \ =a ae rate Sargasum, ch suc Sushi wrap ok fodine a> a - (® scanned with OKEN Scanner= eo | Boments | —_ch\-a.__ Peeech soe chia oh\=scx 2 | Trreta. carotene | ‘Reta _catotene —P ch carotene Fucoxanthin) LBrowin colour _ 7 xanthophyll rxantho phy! __}— 4 Habitat Flesh water, a I marine waler | Marine _(etainty) Morine_( mainly) e== i moist soll Fresh woier __| Fresh wakes. ~ 9 1 (Rarely) i Habit unicelled— |e i colonial Aluiays —_maulticelledt plays multiceled i filamentous a fi = = -fpreen Algae. J. = = colonfal Filamentous = = Ss _ Spirogyra. = => (lothrin = ee & 7% chintello = \\glvox A © Cspace travellers a Food) 6 z « < « 3 a (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner= Filmen tog a = = Wott S wees. > opialenaped > aiidle Chlomplast Shaped | i” Chicroplast - TL eeeings naga _—cel\\NG | | | | Plasma membrane! Additonal covering on cell wat p Rg A = Agar Aligin E = Eunnorin © = carragen cellulase cellusose Laniinatip_and Florid on storch— manjtol (Similar +o Groditied Amylopectin_or pobisoohande) G 0) (& Scanned with OKEN Scannerne — v — __cup_shaped i | chloroplast 4 Frond] |, pagtile. 5 giivetvie— “Pyrenoid Bade | fe. he “jn thet i Store —> re stipe ie cycle b= Protein Starch de i Holdfast | fa As Saar) Starch, | Alpha 7 v ( Batucogen 7 ® has_9 component (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner(E B Te | —* some main = and_red_aigae secrete RoE Cwaler halding “gubskance) ETE 1 => ek ia 4_Boly sulphated ester > = ae Se = i pirnes c™ caraqee™ gaat Ga Nedetative Asextid ___Sexudl. Propagation Repro ductiar Roproducion 4 q y i By the_help of a Spore z == a v = 50) on _| | Tso Anis + Goqamaxh =r 2-8 Plagella — apical > => Equal AYP) tragnentation | 9 flagella. Zz > lateral = => unequal Wy | zongper® nt | —‘Sieqamnaul —— aul #* complex_post mh) ee | eee Fer v4 at a (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner- = oe ~— —____ —__—_Kogspare. e- ee ee = dnp. ge |_fn heaphyceac— —fn Chlowphyceaei + berPr Ph oe a - ESE tite. Ree Runiacchas rye P2582 Flogellicuiiis ible) sin) sive an Plagella. = Fes ee alt oa — Apical] | 8 =e hoeerlh Su a 4 Pically — ar a zh — |= equal in se > unequal _1n_size__# =e * ) 7 aA HE __& — e ee —s t ip 4 Psogamous, Anis’ ogamo! Ss oom (CUS py Ey > Eudorina female camekes are : Molle Non motile (green big and hon-motile gametes qam eres algae ov Rut male gameres Schlamydomonas =spiroqyra. can he motile of Na = = ulothrin eS Motile. Non -moHl€ =Fucus => Red _alaoe * __=volvox Eg . polysiphonia. Pe ee ie ee (® scanned with OKEN ScannerEe ONT toto —FAit- : chtor lot. | es Pea Ag fC ee ee _edbe 5 25 [sored stat Lam ein Is f Lesert—ott — Masi —S— ho mie atu es ANON alga (SNe a imp pyvensid SIF tony 7 | i E | Eas oe ol Anlo mel b Habitah Fel FL ™M a Sater +A Poot Hote A = pa g & © AUG 900% Friday —BF=05.~—~ Spornphute tee > > > > > > > (& Scanned with OKEN ScannerVeVVVARyy plontic life Cycte nna pani boy is tapictd is esas * eee omere.S o_ Hi [Sea Rema me Q = 3 gamer @___* a Ae el Lo 25s a Wor Oa Cy zygote Ceingle _ © STO Ren eal sporprie) SIS en | © One : —— 4 S$ _Diplontic. life cycle _____________~¢ Wviain plant body Siploid : ) i Seana. forge coed: g Gametes @ Mate gamete female game Vv os (® scanned with OKEN ScannerSporophyte 25 Gametophyjé @ See RSS nes EE © pysantic [GKGIO) Go) haut ANSE. riitdsi (® scanned with OKEN ScannerCHeLP. |__Haplontic __|- Haplo Diplontic. Diplo = 2 T ‘Multicelled atrucure | Mutticetiec ctuclure. | multiceled sHuctiT — a po [is both Hoploidl = | ig diploid only — __| diploid. — a = = — [> Ectocanpus ___| = Fuais, _+— =o Algae L= Lomingsia > Gymnospent? oA Be phonia _| —» angio sperm._——_#= — | Bryophytes_ and | _———— rans i Prerido phytes . a a 5 — 5 Sun Figo —=4 i Sy a [Big Algae Pheophycene Ss 7100 _meters L 4 ee = i = g _zoospore a 2 E Casential) Csemual) = 5 — SMO eer mpm Si ay : ~- Rell f ache a B 1 A bIbIP Fuconanthin i = xaanthop! used-to- make —= A et tll ; jellies ia ie « “Habitat = MosHy, Marine __atored Food > - Laminorin] 4 Rate = Fresh water. 1S nl ; {mIP point > Holdfast, |tiper ‘ Multicellular: fond. 4 a Habit = (® scanned with OKEN ScannerEgiee= cera0c ree == __© - ectocospus = Baa Sind: Ei picuss = Gin Dictyore._ = ¢ 202 ' Brown algae —_(WeE79) a ae ' ae oranched _ ae Branched t : ‘ Ectocaspus Laminand. Sanqasun . ' r 6 » Red algae . similarites a ! Foe BAe _ ogamous =a area Algae L BGA Red Algae B(itgile __ complex post a Shudure FethiiZAHO | -rnon motile —> non motile 5 ig Ont) events. , > phycobillins © _— Phycobilling © s Pigment = chl-a, chd, B-Cra-< : xanthophyll 1 == fe ® vanitak = Marime . some een] Cowectiat > SBicsiviin = ae a P vowt - —_ raulticellular se coloue Pere 2 pr_sivred_fond = Ploridean starchy » CEST TO AMyloperkin & glycogen) - Eg: G@ = Grac\aia f G@ = Gehan , P - Porphyra Ee P = potusishon\o. 4 (& Scanned with OKEN ScannerChromatic Adaptationsmns — —__—_— F a ee c ped algae can be E | @nt in deep Ocean _— as_weill as on the ———_ eurface_walet-— 4 RE Shape of chlor + = i RCS roplas — _ 1+ Cup shaped > __chlamydomonas i ol pura shaped => Spimgy:a. amu qitdle shaped — ulothrix 7+ piscoid shaped — chara Chara} ss Ne High female Sex organ . | > low male Sex organ - sabe PRED EPRI P TELL LS (® scanned with OKEN Scanner= s ot + : —Sex organs oF I Sex organs of je? Ea BIE Alga’ | other — chara. 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Pistil : is >. => @ Archegonfa_1°* appears_in = @_Pteridophytes @ @ymnosperms Sverworts) Mosse. > => a) coninredia —__-—Archeqonio., = a = => (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner= Frese Set — Bryophy te ne—ece ——— a oe i Liverworks = : Mosses, — a | oa LBP > Ene a > a 7 oo =Parasie on gam’ oh 3| A | = =p ta ines #5 gameropnyie a | f — a hykee——~ a = = main plant bedy g (oon l > Because {Fis photosyntheHic — —_ = a= DoreWenHar — - Erect - lee eee = — - = Liverworts 7] Mos: a I werworlts = SSeC = 9 - os - - = _Morchonio Riccia _ P = polytricuny cape) “Sisiaodh i & one word Lc Iword 2c S_= sphagnum a L one loody uoith one body F = furerta = “one sex organ with two sexorgan a = L ; ds To poncaa re] Oiwcioug Mongeious = a] rant eiee “4 ia = ‘4 (& Scanned with OKEN Scannerqnoth et gate SF movement => NOP auiomatic =movemeny —> Tee” youva —Monocioys Cot ee A l pe ee ea 4 woe | ‘. at ml Sr Tet ‘Se au | oat ya / i | Tae Se ii nN rt) | ae ale and female ex organs -present_on same plant present of different plant. ifecyal eye -iverwetls AW (& Scanned with OKEN Scanneri entre SHC wo _t Gpordphyte - 2 (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner= \y_olrect Development Es $s a CG ‘{spores_dhrectly 3c po ee germinate gamerophy| re) y Spores OF ler wort Primary _protonemma. Secondany, — Green Profanemmg SSS Fllamenins scligif | = —> Srancned Cragmentation (® scanned with OKEN ScannerSpormphyte a — — - Form, pyetoerat —O_Fnm gametes O “spores 3 Hoploid — @_piploid _ a _ Ra = oe ce | @ Mai od | @ Parasite on qometophyre ___""— 7p a : : =a _ eye |_@_Photnsynthehc _|_@)_Non = photosynthetic _— =F oe ® short lived —F. =e —capsule 8 | @ SS 4 oo OE. Ore — = Feet — —a aa z Liverworts Mosses, 7 _© Rhizoid — wnicerted @ghizoid — tulticeed | @ Body —> _ dorciventra) i © Rov > rect © piferentiation — undiserentiated FT less differentiated. es aes: | @\CGF- 2 rows OF leak like | Structure | © pevelopment — pirece __| 5 © ud) st = mo. Y (® scanned with OKEN Scanner~ ~ a ophyte — ospesm may —tvophyle __pteridophyje _-@nymnoSpetari2— = —_Refoqressive—Evonron In Gamerophy le ¥. Se ee = z ; aa “A = = _feduced Wen developed Poorly reser gametophuie e-oghicn ID Si = _ prowes SS @_Bryophyte _G_Preridophyle _@ Gymnospew and angiosperm, (® scanned with OKEN Scanner— Special tanks. pete _ ot © Pioneer “species > > Along_with_ lichens, mosses ail 0 6 cc First. = aul © Pollution indicator => $02 pout. ____ =a x = 2 al ) _© 6 Prevent soil _e1osion 4 @ Secrete acids — sel\_formation cweatheriag) — —_ ae _@_Poly tricum _used_to_dissclve kidney Stone — ea i = Boyophytes. on Grucees Ces) v Gauaeetd ans ame L Ik ie rn} e 4 _ismain -hibi vasai) -Phyta = NOwody sponds Plone ONS | = avy body Preridophytes at v “epomphyje —vasulas emai) is malo woody oma Help Roots) Gat plant Body (® scanned with OKEN Scanner2 S ee es st 5 Brvophyies d Pleridephyjes a eo Amphibians vasuilas Ame ee L U = eal | Because ___ Because they __ ean Phinem need water they have __need_warew For: = Ont gow Potilizatian | aayjlem and Femtilization _ = phloem a vo Aug, 2023 < bs Lect -05 f=a__ Thursday er ae See pretidaphy tesa) na = i a aa = Fern Horsetai} => ~ Plowerless omamental Equisetum = plants, Equs-* Harse FF sclagineyia —eatatt z Coedicifal Purpose ) | a Bryophyte Ptetido ony te Gymnospes. | PP main piant | ametophyye | <— spesuphy ey = DP body > Leak LiKe, Stem Like leak © , Rao Zz + structure foot like Siem @ se Pp asc lsse —Aisent | <—— peal ———> a Gamejfophy te F—Phosy ntheHe | Gametophy te. sporophyt® Zp stuicture , Spowophyle 2 ren HomosporuS pate __[ Reteneporous (® scanned with OKEN ScannerCrametes _|__ motile es sot Coe 4 =| 2 Bivophy es Proridop hte i; a Sissi i Gemmae 8 _| Prothallus. re Protonernma 7 =. ——- ag Psijopsida il ___|LverwortS (mosses [Riccio _PPalyincum | L —Lycopsida _ [ marchantia.s Sphagnum Z L 2 & eunerio |E - Equisetum | S- Sequoia i A-hzolla | Adiantum c - cycaS en $-selaqinelia) c= Cedrus 2 Salvinia. KK — = : : = ae Dryoptenis == n= Margelia oe | ge —2> | S me = > (® scanned with OKEN ScannerLeaf (Phyl!) = sporangia porophy!) ———> __ Gametophye Spores, a Homo Hetero (Mostly) fn some members) v3] Go} QE] OO f Lax, (® scanned with OKEN Scannere El iS B oo ia vie 7 - ack = ee oe cab a ¥ mconcion ma Z Heke 2 Ce ar sWopit Be Spomus op 6 E Salqnetta—(mostoF zi alt ~Selginetia Fern __*8- SADIE Coeeidopnye) 9 apna s bt - = guise: _ — —swarsetia E =a + \ spores _germindie fo = Fr form poorelsy é x developed gametophy te. S (Protnallus) g —6 —« iL Homosporous Heyer Sporous é ‘ido! Proridophytes preridophytes z u a & 5 _[Ermiero si 5 f as ie a 1 [meiosis [ £ a ©0006 up [Meiosis zé Al 5 > 0000 0000 = i J mlcrospores: Megaspores . é Because they develop from | & _——Same_type oF Spamcuytes | linia. : | hwo different type oF spores were formed Z I 2 Becquse they cevelop From ; diFRIENT [ype of Sporocy tes. : & . ' (® scanned with OKEN Scannerk Homosporus ptasidephyle farms photosynthetic, gjameropi £ HIT. SPIDUS premdophuf le Fos ametophy Hes bud _Prothallus Pt _ photosynthetic eee = eS t Pootely ___Photosynthe#ic liver ai Y_pleridophyte) developed _Caamm etcphyfe or ____(fnconspiquous) ; ai OO Tre 7 EON nate Preridgpnyies yes (a SS Hetem & - Angiospesm © _Heterosporous eo o, _® Embryo develop inside “ wr [female qamempnyre | ; _@ Female gomero pnyie is @ | — ve on Sporphyie - & Pntequments Absent Present © “preditsot ae! Seed saabit eed Habit. a i eam __ ha = Bieridophyie. 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I Q@ Garekpnyre ® soosmphy!) —yomg—_wekem = x \ M_Gymnospesn 2 —— > Sox —> zygote 2 > ae 3 ict meg sporophyie pore - gamelop ie amet Oleg ou con® _ igo Mego. Spore gpore . (® scanned with OKEN ScannerFemale cell. ine owule: gametophyle 01900. (meqasporongja ) fi asenaegenia NaS Lo. Sporoay te Spores ametopnute. ~ © rSt generation ond genasahicn. A duevenygds jgad dod >? PPE (® scanned with OKEN ScannerPlody chango— gen change Megasporongia ) yee 06. Pocus ae ymerophu te i (& Scanned with OKEN Scanner