TABLE OF CONTENTS

2
CHAPTER 1

Major Themes of the Quran

3
CHAPTER 2

History and Importance of Quran

5
CHAPTER 3

The Life and Importance of Prophet Muhammad

9
CHAPTER 4

First Islamic Community

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1. MAJOR THEMES OF THE QURAN
1.1 Allah in Himself
• Surah 2.255
o Main Theme
▪ Verses taken from Surah Baqarah
▪ It is known as Ayat-ul-Kursi
▪ Talks about oneness of Allah
▪ Mention of throne shows Allah’s power
▪ Allah never feels tired as He is unique
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ Helps them learn about God and obey Him
▪ His independency shows His superiority.
▪ Muslims recite this for daily protection
• Surah 6.101-103
o Main Theme
▪ Verses taken from Surah Anaam
▪ Only He can create without any help
▪ He is not bound to any relations
▪ He knows everything and can help everyone
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ Helps them understand Tawhid
▪ They become careful as He sees everything
▪ Help Muslims be humble
• Surah 41.37
o Main Theme
▪ Verse taken from Surah Fussilat
▪ Allah controls everything
▪ Order of sun and moon are His signs
▪ Negates paganism
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ Strengthens Muslim belief by showing that created
things are temporary
▪ They should only look to Allah for answers
▪ Helps to know Him by studying His sign
• Surah 42.4-5
o Main Theme
▪ Verses taken from Surah Fussilat
▪ He is superior and owner of everything
▪ He is very merciful and forgiving
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ Reminds Muslims to pray to Allah only
▪ He will help people even if they have sinned
▪ They should be grateful and ask for forgiveness
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• Surah 112
o Main Theme
▪ This is Surah Ikhlas
▪ Talks about Tawhid
▪ He is unique as He is eternal with no family
o Importance of theme in Muslim life
▪ Reminds to not think He has help and family
▪ Helps them to worship Him as He is unique
1.2 Allah’s Relationship with Created World
• Surah 1
o Main Theme
▪ This is Surah Fatihah
▪ Allah is creator of this world
▪ He guides people who pleases Him
▪ He is merciful and forgiving
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ This is recited in every prayer
▪ Help them communicate with Allah
▪ Muslims use this to ask for guidance
• Surah 2.21-22
o Main Theme
▪ Verses from Surah Baqrah
▪ Allah gave us guidance and Earth with food
▪ He is the only one deserving of worshipping
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ People should look after earth
▪ Understand only Allah can provide them things
▪ Be grateful by obeying Allah
• Surah 96.1-5
o Main Theme
▪ Verses from Surah Alaq
▪ First revelation marks start of Islam
▪ How Allah created man and fulfill his needs
▪ He taught humans use of pen
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ Become grateful as know how they’re created
▪ Helps them be successful by telling to study
• Surah 99
o Main Theme
▪ This is Surah Zilzaal
▪ About Last Day when everything is destroyed
▪ People would be accountable to Allah
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ Reminds that everything ends except Allah
▪ Creates fear of accountability
▪ Helps Muslims be careful of their deeds
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• Surah 114
o Main Theme
▪ This is Surah Naas
▪ Talks about evils of Earth who harm us
▪ Only Allah can protect us from all the evils
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ Muslims get to know of all the evils
▪ Important for Muslims who need protection
▪ Strengthen belief on Allah as He is protector
1.3 Allah’s Messengers
• Surah 2.30-37
o Main Theme
▪ Verses taken from Surah Baqrah
▪ Allah created Adam(a.s) and Iblis opposed it
▪ Iblis misled Adam resulting in his expulsion from
paradise which taught him forgiveness
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ Highlight man’s position as God’s vicegerent
▪ Shows His forgiveness and care for people
• Surah 6.75-79
o Main Theme
▪ Verse from Surah Anaam
▪ Ibrahim(a.s) found Allah through His creation
▪ Ibrahim declares his faith to pagans
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ Instructive for men in quest of truth
▪ Look for answers only in Allah
• Surah 5.110
o Main Theme
▪ Verse taken from Surah Maidah
▪ Allah helped Jesus by giving him miracles
▪ Humans can do great things by God’s leave
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ Reaffirm Allah’s power
▪ Muslims should allow things to happen
▪ Often remember Him to count as believer
• Surah 93
o Main Theme
▪ This is Surah Dhuhah
▪ Shows how God helped Prophet(pbuh)
▪ Tells to help oppressed people
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ Should not worry when others hurt them
▪ Be grateful and humble by giving charity
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• Surah 108
o Main Theme
▪ This is Surah Kauthar
▪ Revealed when Quraysh mocked Prophet(pbuh) for
not having son
▪ Allah consoled him and told about destruction of his
enemies
o Importance of theme in Muslims life
▪ We should not feel ashamed of daughters
▪ Should not lose hope and ask for Allah’s help
2. HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF QURAN
2.1 Revelation of Quran
• First Revelation
o At 40 angel Jibrael appeared and told him to read as
he was meditating in Cave of Hira
o When he said he can’t, Jibrael squeezed him
o After the 3rd time Prophet(pbuh) agreed to read
o Then this was revealed: “Read! in the name of your
Lord, who created, 2. Created man out of a clot of
congealed blood: 3. Proclaim! And your Lord is most
bountiful, 4. He who taught by the pen, 5. Taught man
what he did not know”
o Rushed outside where Jibrael introduced himself with
his wings spread in sky
o He ran to his wife Khadija
o Her cousin Warqa told him that the angel he saw
brought revelations to previous prophets
• Makki Surahs
o 86 Surahs revealed between 610-622 Ad
o Shorter in length with strong language
o Talks about Tawhid, ethics ,past nations, preaching of
Islam and calmed Prophet(pbuh)
• Madni Surahs
o 28 Surahs revealed after migration to Madinah
o Longer in length
o Talks about Islamic laws, 5 pillars, and battles
• How revelations came
o Prophet(pbuh) said “Never once did I receive a
revelation without thinking my soul had been torn
away from me”
o Said that sometime revelations comes as ringing of
bells which is hardest on him
o Zaid Bin Sabit said “When the revelation came to him,
he felt intense heat”
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o A companion said that once he was sitting with his leg
under Prophet (pbuh)’s leg. A revelation came and he
felt like his leg would crush
• Preservation of Quran
o written on stones, animals’ skin and bonesets
o Literate companions wrote revelations
o Came in portions according to a situation so not
preserved according to revelations
o Every Ramadan he would recite Quran loudly and
people would compare their copies for accuracy
2.2 Compilation of Quran under Khalifas
• Under 1st Khalifa; Hazrat Abu Bakr
o At Yamama many Hafiz, people who had learnt the
Quran, died
o Hazrat Umar realized soon all Hafiz will die
o Thought it was necessary to make an official copy of
Quran so it won’t be distorted
o Asked Hazrat Abu Bakr to compile Quran
o He at first hesitated but then agreed due to constant
persuading by Hazrat Umar
o The Khalifa asked Zaid Bin Sabit to compile the Quran
who had same reaction as Hazrat Abu Bakr
o A committee was set up and the work began
o Zaid collected all the verses of Quran and followed the
order prescribed by Prophet(Pbuh)
o Before a verse was compiled, he would check it from
every copy of Quran even though he had written the
Quran and learnt it
• Under 3rd Khalifa: Hazrat Umar
o A lot of land was conquered
o There people recited Quran in their own dialects
o Anas Bin Malik reported it to the Hazrat Usman
o He ordered Zaid Bin Sabit to make copies of Quran in
Quraish dialect
o Each copy was given to a province
o All the false copies were burnt
2.3 The use of the Qur’an in Legal Thinking,
and its Relationship with the Hadiths, Ijma
and Qiyas
• Use of Quran in Legal Thinking
o Quran contains everything, it says “and we have sent
down to thee a book explaining all things”
o It is primary source of Islamic Law
o Deals with theft, robbery, rebellion and murder. It says
“We ordained therein life for life”
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o On war matters it talks about distribution of booty and
fair treatment of prisoners
o It lays down rules for social life, commerce,
economics, penal laws and international relations
o Family law deals with marriage, divorce and treatment
of women, slaves and orphans. It says “Come not nigh
to the Orphan’s property”
o Quran forbids unjust distribution of wealth
o It forbids adultery, gambling, interest, bribes, and
fraud as it says “Woe to those that deal in fraud”
• Relationship of Quran with Hadith
o Hadiths are words and actions of Prophet(pbuh)
o They are 2nd primary source of Islamic Law
o They explain the Quran, Hazrat Ayesha said “Life of
Prophet(pbuh) is an example of Quran”
o It is used when the Quran is silent on a matter, e.g.
inheritance given to grandmother is not mentioned in
the Quran, but comes from Hadith
o In Quran it is not told how to give Zakaat but hadith
says “No charity tax is due on property less than 5
Uqaiya and no charity tax is due on fewer than 5
camels and no charity tax is due on fewer than 5 wasq”
o Hadith also talks about how to pray, perform hajj and
about impurities which is not explained in Quran, it
says “Pay as you see me praying”
• Ijma
o Ijma is consensus of opinion and is used when a
matter arises which is not in Quran and Hadith
o Secondary source of Islamic Law
o He(pbuh) said “My community will never agree upon
an error”
o IVF were allowed by ijma
o Quran was compiled by ijma of companions
o Ijma is of 3 types
o Decision made from ijma can’t contradict Quran e.g.
people missed Friday prayer as they didn’t hear azaan
so Umar through Ijma introduced a 2nd azaan rather
than allowing people to miss prayers
• Qiyas
o It is last and secondary source of Islamic law
o It means deriving a law from another law when a
matter can’t be solved by any Quran Hadith or ijma
o Ayesha said wuzu is not permissible if flour dries on
nails jurists used this to prohibit nail polish
o It can only be done by leading jurists
o allowed Mu’az bin Jabaal to use his own opinion if a
matter arises which is not in Quran and sunnah
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o The method of qiyas is:
▪ Asl: The teaching such as alcohol is khamar
▪ Far: The problem such as are drugs khamar
▪ Illa: linking the teachings drugs are like alcohol
▪ Hukm: The judgement such as drugs are haram
o Qiyas also can’t cancel a teaching of Quran
3. THE LIFE AND IMPORTANCE OF PROPHET
MOHAMMAD (PBUH)
3.1 Life in Makkah
• Life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Before Prophethood
o Father Abdullah died before his birth
o Grandfather Abdul Muttalib named him
o Sent to foster mother Bibi Halima
o At age 6 his mother Aminah died in Abwa as they were
returning from his father’s grave in Yasrib
o Then brought up by Abdul Muttalib
o At age 8 Abdul Muttalib also died
o Before dying he gave Prophet(pbuh)’s custody to son
Abu Talib who loved him a lot
o Quran says “Did he not find you and orphan and gave
you shelter”
o At age 12 at Basra a Christian monk saw signs of a
Prophet in him and advised Abu Talib to take care of
him
o A deadly war broke out when he was 15
o After the war some tribes formed an alliance called
half ul fazl and at house of Abdullah Bin Judan took an
oath to protect the oppressed
o Prophet(pbuh) said “I was present at the house of
Abdullah Bin Judan at so excellent a pact that I
wouldn’t exchange my part in it for a herd of red
camels”
o At age 25 he got married to 40-year-old Khadija as she
was impressed by his honesty
o In 608 AD he prevented bloodshed as all the chiefs
wanted to place Hajr-e-Aswad
• Call to Prophethood
o When Prophet Muhammad(pbuh) was 40, angel
Jibreal came to cave Hira and revealed
• Secret Preaching
o 2nd revelation “Arise and deliver your warning”
o Thus he preached to people close to him
o After 3 years 40 people had accepted
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• Preaching to Banu Hashim
o After revelation “Warn thy family” he invited Banu
Hashim for a meal
o They dispersed before he could speak as Abu Lahab
said “Your host has placed a spell upon you”
o Next day he invited everyone for a meal
o He invited them to Islam no one responded
o Uml Fadl, her sisters and Safiyah accepted Islam
• Open Preaching
o “Expound openly what thou art commanded” was
revealed.
o When he was asked everyone at Safa hill “if I were to
tell you that a large army has collected on the other
side and is ready to attack you would you believe?”
they all said yes
o He invited them to Islam they laughed
o Abu Lahab said “may you perish forever”
o He(pbuh) was sad and to calm him Allah revealed
“May the hands of Abu Lahab perish”
• Persecutions faced by Prophet(pbuh)
o They called him a magician
o Wrote poems against him
o Abu Lahab called him an abtar when his son died
o Ordered his sons to divorce his daughters
o He also threw camel intestines on him
o A man once tried to strangle Prophet(pbuh)
o The chiefs tied to bribe him
o They said that he should worship their Gods and they
would worship his, thus Allah revealed “You have your
religion and I have my religion”
o As they threatened Abu Talib, he asked him(pbuh) to
stop so he said “O uncle even if they place the sun on
my right hand and moon on my left to force me to
renounce my mission I would not stop” so Abu Talib
then supported him
• Persecutions faced by converts
o Ammar bin Yasir was thrown on burning embers
o Sumayya and Yasir were killed by Abu Jahl
o Bilal a slave was beaten by his master and boys
o Abu Bakr was dragged by his beard and Haris bin abi
Hala was killed for protecting Prophet(pbuh)
o Usman was wrapped around palm leaves and set to
fire by his uncle
o Zinra a roman slave was made blind by Abu Jahl
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• Migration to Abyssinia
o In 615 AD due to a lot persecutions 12 men and 4
women migrated to Abyssinia
o Rumour spread that everyone had accepted Islam thus
some of them went back
o Quraish increased the persecution
o 2nd migration took place of 83 men and 19 women
migrated under leadership of Jafar ibn Abu Talib
o Quraish went and asked Negus to return them
o Negus being just called Muslims to his court
o There Jafar gave a speech about rules of Islam
o He then recited a few verses from Surah Maryam
o He said “This and Gospel are light of same candle”
o Quraish were sent back
• Boycott of Banu Hashim
o In 616 AD Banu Hashim were boycotted except for
Abu Lahab as they supported Prophet(pbuh)
o They went to Sahib Abi Talib out of Makkah
o Let out only during pilgrimage
o In 619 AD the ban was lifted after protest
• Persecutions faced by converts
o Ammar bin Yasir was thrown on burning embers
o Sumayya and Yasir were killed by Abu Jahl
o Bilal a slave was beaten by his master and boys
o Abu Bakr was dragged by his beard and Haris bin abi
Hala was killed for protecting Prophet(pbuh)
o Usman was wrapped around palm leaves and set to
fire by his uncle
o Zinra a roman slave was made blind by Abu Jahl
• Migration to Abyssinia
o In 615 AD due to a lot persecutions 12 men and 4
women migrated to Abyssinia
o Rumour spread that everyone had accepted Islam thus
some of them went back
o Quraish increased the persecution
o 2nd migration took place of 83 men and 19 women
migrated under leadership of Jafar ibn Abu Talib
o Quraish went and asked Negus to return them
o Negus being just called Muslims to his court
o There Jafar gave a speech about rules of Islam
o He then recited a few verses from Surah Maryam
o He said “This and Gospel are light of same candle”
o Quraish were sent back
• Boycott of Banu Hashim
o In 616 AD Banu Hashim were boycotted except for
Abu Lahab as they supported Prophet(pbuh)
o They went to Sahib Abi Talib out of Makkah
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o Let out only during pilgrimage
o In 619 AD the ban was lifted after protest
• Migration to Yasrib
o Persecutions doubled as Islam spread
o Migrated to Yasrib as they were invited there
o Abu Jahl drafted a plan to kill Prophet(pbuh)
o Allah said “Remember how the unbelievers plotted
against you”
o He got to know about this and left with Abu Bakr
o Ali slept on his bed to deceive Quraish
o A reward announced to bring him dead or alive
o They were hiding in Cave of Saur
o Allah blocked the opening to protect them
o Quran says “He had no more than 1 companions the 2
were in cave and he said to his companion don’t fear
Allah is with us”
o At Yasrib a Jew saw them first fulfilling the prophecy of
Torah
3.2 Life in Madinah
• 1st AH
o Masjid-e-Nabawi was built and azaan was made
o Each local took in an Immigrant, called Mawakhat
o 3 tribes of Jews also lived in Yasrib so a treaty was
signed with them. Points were:
▪ Head of State was Prophet(pbuh)
▪ Name was changed to Madinah-
▪ Equality and Freedom of religion for Jews
▪ Muslim and Jews were allies
▪ Jew dispute to be handled according to Torah
• 2 nd
AH
o Fasting and Zakaat were made compulsory
o Qibla changed
o Were given permission for Jihad
▪ Battle of Badr:
▪ Trade Caravan of Abu Sufyan was passing by
Madinah and for protection an army was sent
▪ But the army was ordered to attack Muslims
▪ Quraish had 1000 men
▪ Muslims went to war with 313 men
▪ It rained which was bad for Quraish Quran says “He
sent down water from Heavens to confirm your
feet”
▪ He (pbuh) prayed to Allah “If this small band of men
perish there will be no one to worship you”
▪ Battle started on 17th Rajab
▪ Abdullah Bin Masud killed Abu Jahl
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▪ He(pbuh) threw dust at them which turned to a
storm by help of Allah
▪ Quraish left with 70 dead and 70 prisoners
▪ The prisoners were fairly treated
o Banu Qunaiqa, a Jew, tribe was exiled after 15-day
siege because:
▪ They charged Muslims interest which is Haram
▪ They pinned a Muslim woman’s skirt to her dress
making her back bare.
• 3 AH
rd
o Quraish felt threatened as Islam grew
o With other tribes 3000 men marched to Uhad
o Muslims went to Uhad with 1000 men
o 300 left under Abdullah Bin Ubay a hypocrite
o Battle started
o Soon Quraish started to retreat
o So Muslims left and started to collect spoils
o Khalid Bin Waleed saw that and attacked them
o Rumour spread that Prophet(pbuh) had died so
Muslims stopped fighting
o Quran says “Muhammad is no more than a messenger,
many were the messengers that passed away before
him, if he died or were to be slain will ye turn back on
your heels”
o Muslims fought when he addressed them
o Both forces started to retreat
o 70 Muslims were martyred
o At Badr Hamza killed Utba so in Uhad his daughter’s
slave killed him and she ate his liver
o 60 verses are about this Battle
• 4 AH
th
o Banu Nazir a Jew tribe was exiled after a siege as they
wrote obscene poems about Prophet(pbuh) and
Muslim women
• 5th AH
o Battle of Trench:
▪ Jews with Quraish and other tribes marched to
Madinah with 10,000 men.
▪ Prophet(pbuh) liked the idea by Salman Farsi of
building a trench around Madinah
▪ Only 1 side was unprotected
▪ It took 20 days to build 5 yards deep trench
▪ Allies were unfamiliar with this warfare
▪ Banu Quraiza last Jew tribe also came out and
joined the allies and Hypocrites left
▪ Quran “they intended nothing but to run away”
▪ Allah sent a storm and the allies ran away
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▪ This is known as Battle of Tribes and Ahzab too
▪ Quran says “Remember Allah’s blessings on you
when the hosts came down on you”
o A siege was laid on Banu Quraiza
o After 25 days they chose Saad bin abi Waqas to choose
their fate
o He went according to Torah and all their men were
killed and women were sold
• 6th AH
o Prophet(pbuh) saw a dream of performing Umrah
o Quraish didn’t let them in
o Settled at Hudaibiya
o Sent messengers who did not come back
o Sent Hazrat Usman
o Rumour spread that he was killed
o Muslims pledge to avenge Usman’s death
o Called Bait-ul-Rizwan as taken near Rizwan Oasis
o Quran says “Allah indeed was pleased with the
believers when they wore allegiance to you”
o Quraish sent Sohail Bin Amr to sign a treaty
o Treaty of Hudaibiya was signed. Terms were:
▪ No fighting for 10 years
▪ Can perform Umrah next year
▪ Quraish would be returned but Muslims won’t
o Muslims opposed it but it was signed
o Quran “We have granted thee a manifest victory”
• 7th AH
o Invitation to Islam was sent to rulers:
▪ Heraculis didn’t accept Islam but paid respect
▪ Negus of Abyssinia accepted Islam
▪ Rulers of Oman and Bahrain accepted Islam
▪ Muwaqis of Egypt didn’t accept Islam but sent gifts
▪ Chosroes of Persia disrespected Islam,
Prophet(pbuh) predicted that he would be
destroyed and it happened as his son killed him.
o Khyber Expedition
▪ Jews malice increased and decided to attack
▪ Even did black magic on Prophet(pbuh)
▪ Prophet(pbuh) marched there with 1700 men
▪ Jews locked themselves in the fortresses
▪ All the fortress were captured except Qamus
▪ A fierce battle took place and Muslims won
▪ Kinnah the chief offered wealth for peace
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• 8 AH
th
o Battle of Mutah
▪ Sharhabeel martyred Muslim envoy Haris
▪ Sent an army of 3000 men under Zaid Bin Haris
▪ Jafar to take over if Zaid died and Abdullah to take
over if Jafar died
▪ At Jordan saw Heraculis with 200,000 men
▪ Battle started
▪ First 3 leaders died Khalid bin Waleed took over
▪ Both forces retreated
▪ Allah showed Prophet(pbuh) everything
o Conquest of Makkah
▪ Quraish broke Treaty of Hudaibiya
▪ Gave Quraish 3 option and they chose to fight
▪ 10,000 men marched to Makkah
▪ Safely entered Makkah
▪ Went to Kabah, did tawaf and broke 360 idols
▪ Recited “Truth has come and falsehood has
banished and falsehood is bound to perish”
▪ He then forgave everyone except 4 people
▪ Never done in History
o Battle of Hunain
▪ Banu Saqif and Hawazin with other tribes decided to
attack Muslims under Malik Bin Auf
▪ 1200 Muslims marched to Hunain
▪ Attacked by all sides
▪ Prophet(pbuh) motivated his followers
▪ Threw dust at them which made them blind for
some time so they ran away
▪ Malik Bin Auf fled to Taif so siege started
▪ After a month Muslims left
• 9th AH
o Heraculis decided to attack Muslims
o Jihad was called out and donations were asked
o Because of famine people hesitated
o Hypocrites spread a lot of hate too
o 3000 men reached Tabuk and saw nothing
o Stayed for 20 days and made treaties
o Way back hypocrites tried to kill Prophet(pbuh)
o Quran says “ They meditated a plan which they were
unable to carry out”
• 10 AH
th
o He (pbuh) went on Hajj with 114,000 companions
o Gave his last sermon in Arafat
o Talked about his death and accountability
o Talked about rights of slaves and women, He said
“Treat your wives with kindness”
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o Declared Muslims as one brotherhood “Remember all
Muslims are one brotherhood”’
o Talked about equality and interest “All dues of interest
shall be cancelled”
o Talked about 5 pillars and Seal of Prophets.
o Asked to spread his message
o Last revelation “I have completed my favour upon you
and have chosen Islam as your religion”
• 11th AH
o Prophet(pbuh) fell ill and died in Hazrat Ayesha’s place
on 12th Rabi awwal
3.3 Qualities
• Forgiveness
o Hypocrite deceived him but forgave them
o Quraish tortured him but he forgave them
o Forgave people of Taif when they stoned him
• Honesty
o Known as Al Sadiq and Al Amin
o Khadija married him for honesty
o After Islam people still gave him goods for safety
o Biggest enemies called him truthful
• Humility
o Sat on floor, wore old clothes and helped around
o Did not liked when people stood up for him
• Generosity
o Never kept money overnight
o Received animals and gave them away
o Received 9000 dirhams and distributed them
o Gave all money on deathbed
• Fulfilment of Promises
o Abu Sufyan testified that he always kept his word
o Sent Abu Jandal back to Quraish because of Treaty of
Hudaibiya
• Justice
o His uncle Abbas and son in law were prisoners of Badr
but he treated them like everyone else
o Jews would come to him to settle their disputes
o Jew of Khyber killed a person but due to no witness he
was freed
3.4 Seal of Prophets
• Prophet(pbuh) is the last Prophet
• Quran says “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah and
seal of prophet”
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• Previous prophets were for certain time period and • Hazrat Hafsa
place but Prophet(pbuh) is for whole mankind o Daughter of Hazrat Usman
• In last sermon said “No prophet will come after me” o Migrated to Abyssinia with Khunais her husband
• It is part of Shahadah o Husband died at Badr
o Married Prophet(pbuh) in 3 AH
4. FIRST ISLAMIC COMMUNITY o Was a teacher
o Narrated 60 Ahadith
4.1 Wives o Straight forward like her father
• Hazrat Khadija o Custodian of Quran
o Rich merchant • Hazrat Zainab Bint Khuzaima
o Widowed 2 times o Married to Abdullah Bin Jahash who died at Uhad
o Married Prophet(pbuh) at age of 40 o Married to Prophet(pbuh) in 3 AH
o Proved to be a successful marriage o Died 3 months after
o Had 4 daughters and 2 sons who died o Only wife whose funeral prayers he offered
o First person to accept Islam • Ummu Salama
o Gave him all her wealth in need o Married to Abdullah Bin Asad and migrated twice
o Never married anyone in her life o Husband died at Uhad
o She died in 11th year of prophethood o Prophet(pbuh) decided to marry her despite her
o He said “Noblest women of world are Mary and handicap of not bearing children
Khadija” o Accompanied Prophet(pbuh) everywhere
• Hazrat Sawdah o Narrated 378 Hadith
o Migrated to Abyssinia with husband who died o Recitation style was just like Prophet(pbuh)
o Came back to Makkah and needed protection o Outlived all wives and died in 63 AH
o He(pbuh) needed a wife to take care of house • Hazrat Zainab Bint Jahash
o So they got married o Married Zaid Bin Haris on request of Prophet(pbuh)
o Was simple, loving and generous o Divorced a year later
o Often give her time with Prophet(pbuh) to Ayesha o Prophet(pbuh) proposed her and revelation came
o Died in 22 AH “When Zaid had dissolved with her, we joined her in
• Hazrat Ayesha marriage to thee” so they got married
o Daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakr o Before dying he(pbuh) said her most generous wife
o Marriage was solemnized in 2 AH would die first, she died in 20 AH
o Once she was escorted home by a young man and o Narrated 11 Ahadith
rumours spread thus Allah revealed Surah Nur • Hazrat Jawariya Bint Haris
o Strongest bond with Prophet(pbuh) after Khadija o Captured in Battle of Mustaliq
o He said “Ayesha enjoys superiority over all other o Given to Thabit Bin Qais who asked for ransom
women” o Went to Prophet(pbuh) and accepted Islam
o Learnt a lot from him o Freed her and got married
o Her house was his resting place o All tribe was freed
o Imam Zuhri said “Ayesha was most learned person o Died in 50AH
among people” • Hazrat Ummu Habibah/ Ramla
o Would help the Khalifs in decision making o Daughter of Abu Sufyan
o People followed her principles on Islamic Law o Migrated to Abyssinia with her husband
o Made a system to co-ordinate Quran and Sunnah o He abandoned her there
o Narrated 2210 Ahadith o Prophet(pbuh) married her
o Died in 58 AH o Negus threw a feast
o Joined Muslims after Khyber Expedition
o Died in 44 AH
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o Narrated 65 Ahadith
• Hazrat Safiyah
o Descendent of Hazrat Harun
o Belonged to Banu Nadir
o Captured during Khyber Expedition
o Prophet(pbuh) threw his mantle over as a proposal so
they got married
o Died in 50 AH
• Hazrat Maimunah Bint Haris
o Sister of Jawariyah Bint Haris
o First divorced by Masud Bin Amr
o Second Husband also died
o Prophet(pbuh) married her on Abbas’s request
o Named Maimunah as Muslims entered Makkah
o He called her Symbol of Goodness
o Died in 51 AH
• Hazrat Maria Qibtia
o Sent as gift by Muwaqis of Egypt
o Prophet(pbuh) married her
o Gave birth to son Ibrahim who died
4.2 Children of Prophet(pbuh)
• Hazrat Zainab
o Born when Prophet(pbuh) was 30
o Married to Abul Aas Bin Rabi
o She accepted Islam but he didn’t
o He was taken captive in Battle of Badr
o She sent her mother’s necklace as ransom
o Freed on condition Zainab was sent to Madinah
o Later he also joined them at Madinah
o Was stabbed in 8 AH and died
o Had a son Ali and a daughter Umama
• Hazrat Ruqayya
o 3 years younger than Zainab
o Was married to Utba son of Abu Lahb
o Divorced as Prophet(pbuh) declared his message
o Married to Hazrat Usman
o Migrated to Abyssinia
o Had a son Abdullah who died at age 6
o Migrated to Madinah
o Fell ill and died after Battle of Badr
• Hazrat Umm-e-Kulsom
o 3rd Daughter
o Married to Utaibah son of Abu Lahab
o Divorced as Prophet(pbuh) declared his message
o Migrated to Madinah with Hazrat Sawdah
o Married Hazrat Usman when sister died
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o Died in 9 AH with no son
• Hazrat Fatima
o Born 5 years before Prophethood
o Resembled him the most
o Migrated to Madinah with Hazrat Sawdah
o Married to Hazrat Ali
o Had 3 sons and 2 daughters
o Prophet(pbuh) would meet her first when arriving
o Said “Fatima is a part of me”
o Ayesha said she was dearest to Prophet(pbuh)
o Died 6 months after Prophet(pbuh)’ death
4.3 Twelve Shia Imams
• Imam Ali ibn Abu Talib
• Imam Hasan ibn Ali
o Born to Hazrat Fatima on 1st Ramazan 3 AH
o Gave food Hazrat Usman when he was besieged
o In charge of Bait-ul-Maal during Ali’s reign
o Took over after Ali but resigned due to Muawiya
o Poisoned by his own wife in 50 AH
o Prophet(pbuh) said “O Allah I love him so I beseech
you to love him”
• Imam Hussain Ibn Ali
o Born to Hazrat Fatima on 4th Shaban 4 AH
o Resembled Prophet(pbuh)
o Said “Hussain belongs to me and I belong to him”
o People from Kufa asked his help against Yazid
o Sent cousin Muslim to assess the situation
o Killed after confirming Hussain that he can come
o He had left and decided to not return
o Stopped at Karbala
o On 10th Muharram he was martyred and his head was
presented to Yazid
• Imam Zain-ul-Abideen/Ali
o Born in 36 AH to Imam Hussain and died in 83 AH
o Only one who survived Karbala as he didn’t go due to
his illness
• Imam Muhammad Baqir
o Born in 57 AH to Fatima, daughter of Hasan
o Was 4 when incident of Karbala took place
o Died in 114 AH
• Imam Jaffar Sadiq
o Born in 83 AH to Imam Baqir and died in 148 AH
o Was harassed by the Umayyad and Abbassid Caliph’s
so went into hiding
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• Imam Musa Kazim
o Born in 128 AH to Imam Jaffar
o Went into hiding but was arrested
o Died in 183 AH in prison
• Imam Ali Raza
o Born in 148 AH and died in 203 AH
o Was given post in government by Khalifa Mamun
• Imam Muhammad Taqi
o Born in 195 AH and died in 220 AH
o Married to Khalifa Mamun’s daughter
• Imam Ali Naqvi
o Born in 214 AH and died in 254 AH
o The Khalifa tried to dishonour him but he was patient
o Imam Hasan Askari
o Born in 232 AH and died in 260 AH
o Spent his life in hiding
• Imam Mehdi
o Born in 255 AH secretly
o Lived in hiding and communicated few people
o Stopped communicating after 329 AH
o Is said to come fight dajjal with Hazrat Isa
4.4 Ten Blessed Companions
• Hazrat Abu Bakr
o Childhood friend of Prophet(pbuh)
o First free adult male to accept Islam
o Prophet(pbuh) said “Abu Bakr was the only person
who accepted Islam without any hesitation”
o Believed mirage immediately thus called Siddique
o Always protected Prophet(pbuh) from Quraish
o Gave all his wealth during Tabuk
o Was at Cave of Saur during migration
o Greatest missionary of Islam after Prophet(pbuh)
o Led prayers when Prophet(pbuh) was ill
• Hazrat Umar
o Opposed Islam
o One day he was going to kill Prophet(pbuh)
o On way a man told him about his sister’s conversion so
he went there and started to beat her
o Listened to Surah Talha and accepted Islam
o Hot tempered and straight forward
o Muslims became stronger after his conversion
o Openly migrated to Yasrib
o Opposed Treaty of Hudaibiya but repented
o Gave half of his wealth during Tabuk
o Prophet(pbuh) said “Were a prophet to come after me
he would have been Umar”
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o Known as Al Farooq
• Hazrat Usman
o First Umayyad to become Muslims
o His uncle made him lie on burning coals
o Married Ruqayya and migrated to Abyssinia
o Provided food to Banu Hashim during boycott
o Ruqayya died and married Umm-e-Kulsoom
o So known as Zun Nurrain ‘Possessor of 2 lights’
o Went to negotiate during Treaty of Hudaibiya
o Gave 100 horses,900 camels and 1000 gold dinars
during Tabuk
o Bought 20,000 dinar well for Muslims
o Funded extension of Mosque of Prophet(pbuh)
o So known as Ghani
o Prophet(pbuh) said “my companion in Paradise will be
Usman”
• Hazrat Ali
o Son of Abu Talib
o First child to accept Islam
o Slept in Prophet(pbuh)’s bed during migration
o Discovered enemy movement at Badr
o Held banner at Uhad and Conquest of Makkah
o Used a door as shield at Khyber
o Known as Lion of Allah
o Amir of Madinah during Tabuk Expedition
o Wrote Treaty of Hudaibiya and letters to Kings
o Prophet(pbuh) said during Mawakhat “You are my
brother in this world and next”
• Talha
o Grandnephew of Hazrat Abu Bakr
o Called living Marty for his bravery
o Called Fayyaz due to his generosity
o Killed in Battle of Camels against Hazrat Ali
• Zubair
o Cousin of Prophet(pbuh)
o Migrated twice
o Called Disciple of Messenger of Allah
o Killed in Battle of Camels against Hazrat Ali
• Abu Ubaidah Bin Jarrah
o Migrated twice
o Killed his father at Badr for Islam
o Called Amin ul Ummar
o Conquered Damascus and is buried there
• Saad bin abi Waqas
o Maternal uncle of Prophet(pbuh)
o First to shed bled for Islam
o Declared as best archer
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• Abdur Rahman bin Auf o Led campaign against Persians and Byzantines
o Migrated twice o Died in 629
o Received 21 wounds at Uhad yet didn’t leave • Hazrat Salman Farsi
o Died in 32 AH o Born to a Persian father who never let him out
• Saeed Bin Zaid o He ran away and converted to Christianity
o Brother in law of Hazrat Umar o Heard about new Prophet
o A great warrior who could rest and write o Was enslaved in Arabia
o Resigned as governor due to love of Jihad o Went to Prophet(pbuh) and accepted Islam
o Gave idea of building Trench at Battle of Trench
4.4 Scribes o Top officer who conquered Persia
• Abdullah Bin Masud o Died in Umar’s Caliphate
o Known as Sahaba Bin Sahabiyya • Zaid Bin Haris
o Faced persecution o Was a slave given to Prophet(pbuh) by Khadija
o First person to recite Quran openly in Makkah o Among first 4 to accept Islam
o Migrated to Abyssinia then Madinah o His family came to get him but chose to stay
o Killed Abu Jahl o Prophet(pbuh) adopted him
o Prophet(pbuh) said “’if anyone likes to recite the o Married slave of Amina
Quran as fresh as it was descended then he must recite o Married Zainab but later divorced her
on reading of Abdullah Bin Masud” o Died at Muta as a commander
o Narrated 800 Ahadith o When he died Prophet(pbuh) eyes flowed with tears
• Zaid Bin Sabit as Allah was showing him everything
o Principle Scribe from Khazraj • Jafar Bin Abu Talib
o Accepted Islam before Prophet(pbuh)’s migration o Son of Abu Talib
o Learned person who knew many languages o Migrated to Abyssinia where he was spokesperson for
o Compiled the Quran Muslims
o Qazi of Madinah during Umar’s Khilafat o Returned in 7 AH
o Corrected Quran during Usman’s Khilafat o Went to Mutah where he was martyred with 90
o Knowledgeable jurist wounds in his front and arms cut
• Ubbay Bin Kaab o Known as Jaffar Tayyar
o Pledged allegiance at Aqabah o Prophet(pbuh) said “You resemble me in features and
o Wrote letters manners”
o Wrote last revelation • Hazrat Abbas
o Prophet(pbuh) encouraged people to learn Quran o Uncle of Prophet(pbuh)
from him o Married to Umm-e-Fazl
o Died in 29 AH o Opposed Islam until Abu Talib died
o Taken captive in Battle of Badr
4.5 Important Personalities o Joined Muslims openly at Conquest of Makkah
• Khalid Bin Waleed o Gave his house for extension of Masjid-e-Nabawi
o Opposed Islam o Died in 31 AH
o Converted Muslim victory into loss at Uhad • Hazrat Hamza
o Converted after Treaty of Hudabiya o Uncle of foster brother of Prophet(pbuh)
o Broke 9 swords at Mutah o Loved wrestling, hunting and archery that he never
o Called Saifullah ‘Sword of Allah’ paid attention to Islam
o Led a squadron during Conquest of Makkah o He was returning from hunting, a man told him how
o On way to fight false prophets he had heard Abu Jahl abused Prophet(pbuh)
Prophet(pbuh) say “He is best salve of Allah, sword of o He struck Abu Jahl and accepted Islam
Allah” o At Badr he killed Abu Sufyan’s wife Hinda’s father
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o At Uhad her slave killed him while she ate his liver
o Prophet(pbuh) called him ‘Chief of Martyrs”
• Hazrat Bilal
o An Abyssinian slave
o Was one of first 7 converts
o Master used to torture him
o Abu Bakr freed him
o Gave first azan of Islam and on Kabah
o Called Muezzin-e-Islam
o Killed master at Badr
o Gave azan on request of Caliph Umar first time after
Prophet(pbuh)’s death
o Was so upset that he went to Syria
o Died in Syria at age of 60
• Abu Talib
o Uncle of Prophet(pbuh)
o Took care of him like his own sons
o Did not accept Islam but protected Prophet(pbuh)
o Died in 11th year of Prophethood
• Abu Sufyan
o Chief of Banu Umayyad
o Father of Umm-e-Habiba
o Biggest enemy of Islam
o Was caught spying during Conquest of Makkah
o He accepted Islam
o Lost an eye during siege of Taif

4.6 Emigrants and Helpers

• Emigrants or Muhajir were the people who came to
Madinah leaving all their valuables
• Prophet(pbuh) is not a Muhajir
• Quran says “Those who suffered exile and fought in path
of Allah, they have hope of mercy of Allah”
• Ansar’s are the locals of Madinah who gave the place to
live to Muhajirs
• Prophet(pbuh) declared 45 Muhajir and 45 Ansar’s as
brothers
• He closely examined them and chose a Muhajir for and
Ansar
• The ansar was to help muhajirs by taking them in

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