964-H ‘*SET Science, Engineering & Technology Science Fair Lessons and Activities 2o1t West Central District 4-H Science FairWest Central District 4-H Science Fair Project Timeline Step 1: (SY) Choose a scientific or engineering topic that interests you. Complete the Summary and Participant Registration Form and return them to your county 4-H Agent by the registration due date advertised. You are encouraged to turn in these items to your agent as soon as possible to provide the 4-H agent with an opportunity for feedback and project refinement prior to submission. Step 2: ( ) Do a research report on the subject you have chosen. This should be written neatly and placed ina folder. It should include a list of books and authors you have read to find the information (Bibliography - APA or MLA format). The research report must be done before you do your experiment. This will help you to form your hypothesis. Steps 3 - 9 ( ) These should be recorded in a logbook. Step 3: PURPOSE: What do you want to find out? This should be in the form of a question. The answer to the question will be found by doing the experiment. Step 4: HYPOTHESIS: What do you think will happen in your experiment? This is a prediction of the outcome based on what you learned in the research report and a possible reason(s) for this predicted outcome. Step 5: MATERIALS: What do you need to complete the experiment? This should be in the form of a list. Step 6: PROCEDURE: What will you do, step-by-step, to complete the experiment? As you develop your list of steps to take, write them down first on a separate piece of paper. Number them in the order you will complete them. Then, write them in final form. The procedures need to be written in enough detail to support someone else's exact reproduction of your experiment without you around to answer questions. 2o1t West Central District 4-H Science Fair 1Step 7: If you are doing an experimental project, you will need to identify the independent variables in your experiment. (These are the things that you can change that will affect the results of your experiment.) You may choose only one independent variable. Identify the dependent variable in your experiment. (This is the thing that changes because of the independent variable you changed.) Identify the variables that need to stay the same throughout all of your trials. These are the controlled variables. Step 8: ( ) Conduct the experiment. Remember to do three or more trials. Record your results in the form of a chart. Keep good records. It is a good idea to record your progress using photographs. Step 9: ( ) RESULTS: What happened? Display your data in the form of a chart or graph. Step 10: ( WRITTEN RESULTS: Write an explanation of your chart or graph using the data. Be sure to mention any trends or unusual observations in your explanation. Step 11: ( CONCLUSION: What did you learn? The conclusion should be a paragraph that explains the results. The paragraph should begin by stating whether or not your hypothesis was correct or incorrect. The conclusion must be supported by details and/or data from the investigation. The conclusion paragraph should conclude with an idea for further investigation (i.e. If you could do another experiment to learn more about this subject, what would you like to do?). Step 12:(______———_) Construct your backboard, Everything you have done in steps 2 - 10 will appear on the backboard. The backboard should be neat and colorful, with a catchy title. Remember, you may not bring anything to the STEM Fair except the backboard, your logbook, and your report. Be sure your name is clearly marked on the back of the backboard, and the front of your logbook and report. 2o1t West Central District 4-H Science Fair 2For most students, the hardest part of completing a SET fair project is selecting a good question (topic), It is important that your question be one that you are interested in and Identifying a Good Question can experiment with yourself. ‘A good question: must lead to an investigation (experiment) not a report, a demonstration or model, The question may ask about the effect of one thing upon another. should be one from which you can collect data (ideally measurements or direct observation) rather than opinions. should be specific rather than really broad. is one which the materials needed to experiment with are easy to find Examples of good questions: How does temperature affect the bounce of a basketball? What type of conditions do mealworms prefer? (wet/dry, light/dark, warm/cold) What shape of container will allow water to evaporate the quickest? (shallow/deep) Examples of poor questions: Question: How do volcanoes erupt? Reason: This project would be a model not an experiment, is too vague 2011 (broad), and will not involve data collection, What are optical illusions and how do people see them? This question is not an experiment and asks for opinions not data. What effect does caffeine have on the bloodstream? This project is one for which students would not have the materials necessary to test it OR would involve the ingestion of caffeine to observe reactions in a vertebrate animal (including humans) and would be disqualified, West Central District 4-H Science FairChoose which one of the two questions would make a better SET fair project and circle it. On the line below the two questions, give a reason(s) why the one you did not choose would be a poor question for a SET fair project. The first one is done for you. Why are there craters on the moon? Does the drop height of an object affect the size of the crater it will make? The question Why are there craters on the moon is phrased as a report and doesn't allow for the collection of data, » . What effect does temperature have on the growth of bean seeds? How do beans grow? 3. From what direction does the wind blow most frequently during one week? What makes the wind blow? * Does an apple contain water? How much of the weight of an apple is water? 5. Do showers or baths use more water? Ts it better to take a shower or bath? 6, What makes a ball bounce? What effect does air pressure have on the bounce of a ball? 2011 West Central District 4-H Science Fair 4Answer Key Choose which one of the two questions would make a better SET fair project and circle it On the line below the two questions, give a reason(s) why the one you did not choose would be a poor question for a SET fair project. The first one is done for you. 1. Why are there craters on the moon? Does the drop height of an object affect the size of the crater it will make? The question ‘Why are there craters on the moon?’ is phrased as a report and doesn't allow for the collection of data 2 How do beans grow? 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