Title: “Green Synthesis of NiO-NPs From NiSO4.

5H2O By Using
Aqueous Leafs Extract of Alstonia Scholaris’’
Submitted to

SantGadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati

Project report submitted for the Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for the Award of Degree of Master
of Science inChemistry

Submitted By

Miss. Apeksha P. Pandav

(M.Sc-II SEM-IV)
(Enrolment Number:17311449)
Under the Guidance of

Prof. Hemantkumar S. Chandak

[M.Sc, PhD, NET, SET GATE, Post Doc( Rutgers University, USA) ]
Professor and Head
Department of Chemistry,
G.S. Science, Arts and Commerce College, Khamgaon, Dist-Buldana-444303

Center Code: 301

City Code: 061

May-2024

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 Certificate

This is to certify that the work presented in this project entitled “Green
Synthesis of NiO-NPs From NiSO4.5H2O By Using Aqueous Leafs Extract
of Alstonia Scholaris’’

has been completed and submitted as bonafide work carried out by

Miss.Apeksha Pramod Pandav, for the partial fulfillment of degree of Master
of Science in Chemistry.The project work is satisfactorily carried out under my
supervision in the P.G Department of Chemistry, G.S. Science, Arts and
Commerce College, Khamgaon District. Buldana. During the academic session
2023-2024 and to the best of my knowledge the matter embodied in this project
report has not been submitted elsewherefor any diploma or degree

Date: …/…/2024 Prof. H. S. Chandak

Place: Khamgaon (Project Guide)

Prof. Dr. Hemantkumar S. Chandak

Professor and HoD
Department of Chemistry
G. S Science, Arts and Commerce College Khamgaon

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 Declaration

The work presented in this project entitled“Green Synthesis of NiO-NPs From

NiSO4.5H2O By Using Aqueous Leafs Extract of Alstonia Scholaris’’

. Under the guidance of Prof. H.S. Chandak. during the academic year 2023-
2024 as a partial fulfillment of project of MSc-II Semester-IV at P.G Department
of Chemistry G.S. Science, Arts and Commerce College, Khamgaon. I further
declare that this project work or any of this work has not been previously
submitted for any degree in this university or any other university.

Date: …/…/2024 Miss. Apeksha Pramod Pandav

Place: Khamgaon (M.Sc-II Semester-IV)

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 Acknowledgement

It is my pleasure to place on record my sincere gratitude towards my guide

Prof. H.S.Chandak , P.G Department of Chemistry, G.S. Science, Arts and
Commerce, College Khamgaon whose guidance I received. It was his direction
and encouragement at every moment and step that motivated me to steer the
research (project) work complete confidently and successfully
I deem it great pleasure privilege to offer my sincere and cordial thanks to
Prof. Mohammad Ali (Research Scholar) who spend their precious time
providing continuous idea and exert guidance and constant encouragement
throughout the course of this research (Project) work.
We also extend our thanks to college management and Principle, G.S.
Science, Arts and Commerce, College Khamgaon for providing all the necessary
facilities and valuable support.
Also we would like to thank to all PG Chemistry teaching and non-teaching
staff of the department for their valuable guidance, encouragement, co-operation
and helps.
Our great thank to all who wished us success especially parents, friends
whose support and care makes us stay on earth.

Miss. Apeksha Pramod Pandav

[M.Sc-II SEM-IV]

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Title: “Green Synthesis of NiO-NPs From NiSO4.5H2O By Using Aqueous
Leafs Extract of Alstonia Scholaris’’

Table of Contents
1. Title of project report ......................................................................................................................1
2. Abstract ............................................................................................................................................1
3. Key word ..........................................................................................................................................1
4. Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1
5. Research problem ............................................................................................................................2
6. Research gap ....................................................................................................................................2
7. Originality of project work ...............................................................................................................2
8. Literature review .............................................................................................................................3
9. Aims and objectives .........................................................................................................................5
9.1 Aim: ............................................................................................................................. 5
9.2 Objectives .................................................................................................................... 5
10. Scope and implications ................................................................................................................5
11. Methodology (Experimental).......................................................................................................5
12. Result and Discussion ..................................................................................................................9
13. Conclusion..................................................................................................................................12
14. Furthe Recommendation…………………………………………………………………………………………………14
15
References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15…
……

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 1. Title of project report

“Green synthesis of NiO-NPs from NiSO4.5H2O by using aqueous leafs extract of Alstonia
Scholaris”

2. Abstract
NPs are very small particles having size ranges from 1 to 100 nm and which is undetectable by the
human eye, they can be classified into different classes based on their properties, shapes or sizes.

The different groups include fullerenes, metal NPs, ceramic NPs, polymeric NPs.

NPs can exibit significantly different physical and chemical properties.

3. Key word

Alstonia Scholaris, Nickel nanoparticles, extract

4. Introduction
4.1Nano-particles
NPs are wide class of materials of various types that include particulate substances
which having one dimension less than 100nm. Their physical properties are change
with their size and shape (Au) Gold, (Pt) platinum, (Ag) silver,(Pd) palladium NPs
have different physical and chemical properties due to change in size and shape.

4.2History of Nanotechnology:
Human already make full use of the ceramic mixture by including natural asbestors
nanofibers more than 4,500 years ago. The ancient Egyptians were also using NPs
more than 4000 years ago based on a synthetic chemical process to synthesize~ 5nm
diameter for hair dye.

4.3scientific terms
The British Standards Institution proposed the following definition for the scientific
term that have been used :

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 ● Nanoscience: The sicence and study of matter at the nanoscale that deals
with understanding their and size and structure dependent properties and
compares the emergence of individual atoms or molecules or bulk material
related differences.
● Nanotechnology: Manipulation and control of matter on the nanoscale
dimension by using scientific knowledge of various industrial and
biomedical applications.
● Nanomaterial: Material with any internal or external structures on the
nanoscale dimension.
● Nano-object: Material that possesses one or more peripheral nanoscale
dimensions
● Nanoparticles: Nano-object with three external nanoscale dimensions. The
terms Nano rod or Nano plate are employed, instead of nanoparticles(NP)
when the longest and the shortest axes lengths of a nano-object are different.
● Nanofiber: when two similar exterior nanoscalre dimensions and a third
larger dimension are present in a nanomaterial, it is referred to as nanofiber.
● Nanocomposite: Multiphase structure with at least one phase on the
nanoscale dimension.
● Nanostructure: Composition of interconnected constituent parts in the
nanoscale region.
● Nanostructured materials: Materials containing internal or surface
nanostructure.

4.4Green synthesis of metal oxide based Nano-particles

In the recent years, CuO-NPs, FeO- NPs, NiO- NPs can used in various filed
because they have wide scope in energy conservation, textiles, electronics,
healthcare, catalysis, cosmetics, semiconductor, chemical sensing as a catalyst in
organic reaction, environmental technology. Nono particles can be synthesized by
various method (Chemicals, physical and biosynthesis) with multiple properties and
large application.,

4.5 Ethno medicinal plant

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 Family Name: Apcocyna( Nerium family)
● Scientific Name: Alstonia scholaris
● English-Black board tree
● Hindi-Saptparni
● Marathi-Saptparni
It is an evergreen tropical tree. It is native to southern china tropical asia. It isw
common organ metal plant. It is toxic plants but is used traditionally for myriad
disease. The plant Alstonia scholaris has been used in different system of traditional
medication for the treatment of disease and ailments of human beings. It is reported
to contain various alkaloids, flsvonoids and phenolic acids.

5 Research problem
NiO-NPs act as greener catalyst that is commonly used in organic synthesis. NiO-NPs has
interesting feature because it is eco-friendly, easily prepared, easy to workup and recylable. So,
the idea of synthesizing NiO-NPs from NiSO4.5H2O By using Aqueous leafs extract of
Alstonia Scholaris shows good biological activities as well as versatile intermediate in organic
synthesis. After the extensive literature review we were convinced to focus on synthesis of
NiO-NPs from NiSO4.5H2O by using aqueous leafs extract of alstonia scholaris

6 Research gap
The Nio NPs are synthesis from many methods green or chemical method, the green synthesis is
more convenint process. this method of green synthesis has the advantages like simple, cost
effective. The product are form from this process they have chemical stability, act as a reducing
agent the green synthesis does not require high temperature, pressure and energy.

NiPs synthesized by green route are nontoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial activity.After the review of
many literature we conclude that the nanoparticles are from this plant have unique chemical and
physical properties from litrature review, it is observed that the green synthesis of NiO- NPs from the
root part of this plant is not done so far.

7 Originality of project work

This project report is in its original form and has not been conducted by any other
researchers in any institution, university jurisdiction, or in any Indian university. Our findings

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may contribute a new method, knowledge, observation and new approach in designing and
Green synthesis of NiO-NPs from NiSO4.5H2O By Using aqueous Leafs extract of Alstonia
Scholaris. This has never been investigated by any other researchers. So far, the originality is
concerned.

8 Literature review
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs ) synthesis and their properties from an important area of
research due to their superior ferromagnetic properties, high coercive forces , and chemical stability.

Nickel oxide is considered as good adsorbent due to its chemical and magnetic properties

These molecule not only help in bio-reduction of to the nanoscale size, but they also play a vital role
in the capping of the nanoparticles which is important for stability and biocompatibility.

Reducing agent such as phenolic compound sterols and alkaloids can reduce metal ions into NPs in a
single reaction.

9 Aims and objectives

Aim: “Green synthesis of NiO-NPs from NiSO4.5H2O by using aqueous leafs extract of
Alstonia Scholaris”

Objectives;
1) Preparation of aqueous leafs extract
2) Green synthesis of NiO-NPs from NiSO4.5H2O

10 Scope and implications

1) The scope of the present project work is limited to only this plant.
2) They are used as cheap catalyst due to their neutral abundance and ability to drive
reaction through alternate pathways. They have innumerable biomedical application
including magnetic resonanceimaging.

11 Methodology (Material and Methods)

11.1) Collection of plants material

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 The leafs of the plant Alstonia Scholaris were collected from region of Buldana
District(MS).

11.2) Preparation of plant extracts

Fresh leafs of Alstonia Scholaris plants were collected and shades dried. After dry
were grinded to fine powder. 10 gm of leaf powder of Alstonia scholaris was transfer into 250
ml beaker containing 100 ml distilled water and boiled upto 2 hrs. After cooling, filtered with
vacuum suction pump using whatmann filter paper No.41 and is collected inconical flask,
stored in refrigerator to avoid formation of bacteria before its used for biosynthesis.

11.3) Green synthesis of NIONPs:

10 ml of 0.1 M of NiSO4.5H2O solution was prepared in 250 ml round bottom flask; 90 ml of
root extract was added to the nickel chloride solution with 30:10 (V/V) using separating funnel
at 80°C for 3hrs with continuous stirrer using magnetic stirrer for accelerative bio reduction
NiO-NPs and every half hours at 10 ml of leaf extract in round bottom flask. The reddish brown
color indicated the formation of NiO-NPs. The fully reduced NiO-NPs solution was centrifuge
at 5000 rpm for 5-15 min. The supernal was discarded. The residue was purified with distilled
water.
Residue was collected in crucible and then it provides heat treatment/calcinations process at
500°C using muffle furnace with ambient air to achieve high purity and fine nano-sized NiO
particles.

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.

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12 Result and Discussion
This method of green synthesis NiO-NPs beings by mixing the plant leaf extracts (natural) with
NiSO4.5H2O solution with biochemical reduction of nickel sulphate salt colour change is
observed in the solution indicating synthesis of NiO-NPs. In the present work, we developan
ecofriendly, clean, non-toxic, facile chemically preparative method, for the synthesis of NiuO-
NPs using the extract of Alstonia Scholaris. Project investigation indicates that the extract of
Alstonia Scholarisis one of the new approaches in the field of nano-synthesis. To date, there is
no report on the green synthesis of NiO-NPs by utilizing the leaf extract of Alstonia Scholaris.
While performing our project we took (3.4 gm of CuSO4.5H2O) and obtain yield of
nanoparticles is 0.821gm result shows that the obtain nanoparticles are crystalline in nature
having a black color.
Nanoparticles have low particles momentum and very high mobility. Due to the small size of
nanoparticles they allow for free movement and therefore Heat treatment is necessary in
furnace which transfers heat. Synthesized NiO-NPs shows magnetic properties

13 Conclusion
The green synthesis of NiO-NPs by using aqueous leafs extract of this plant Alstonia
Scholaris is successfully synthesized. The present project work shows that the aqueous leafs
extract of this plant Alstonia Scholariscan are efficiently used for NiO-NPs. Physical, chemical
and green synthesis methods are available for synthesis of NiO-NPs, but the physical and
chemical methods may be toxic and highly reactive and hence it is risk for environment and
human health. Therefore, to search an in expensive, reliable, safe and “Green” method for
synthesis of NiO-NPs with controlled size, shape and stability is highly warranted that is no
physical or chemical change when it stored.

14. Further recommendation

1.NPs can contribute to stronger, lighter,cleaner and smart surface and systems. At nanoscale,
the properties of NPs may change in unpredictable ways.
2.For complete understanding about its properties ( physical and chemical) need
characterization study such as UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, TEM, EDAX and X-ray

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 15 Reference
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Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical-Physical Applications to
Nanomedicine. Molecules2020, 25 (1), 1–15.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010112.

(2) Nicolaou, K. C.; Baran, P. S.; Zhong, Y.; Vega, J. A.; Schuster, D. I. Novel IBX-
Mediated Processes for the Synthesis of Amino Sugars and Libraries Thereof **. 2000,
2525–2529.

(3) Jeevanandam, J.; Barhoum, A.; Chan, Y. S.; Dufresne, A.; Danquah, M. K. Review on
Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: History, Sources, Toxicity and
Regulations. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.2018, 9 (1), 1050–1074.
https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.98.

(4) Almasalma, A. A.; Mejía, E. 1-Phenyl-1 , 2-Benziodoxol-3- ( 1 H ) -One as Synthon

for Phthalide Coupling Cyclization Reaction. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201700940.

(5) Kageyama, N.; Yatabe, H.; Takenaga, N.; Dohi, T. Practical Synthesis of 2-
Iodosobenzoic Acid ( IBA ) without Con- Tamination by Hazardous. 2021, No. Figure
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(6) Elizabeth, M. K.; Devi, R. U.; Raja, K. P.; Krishna, K. B. Synthesis of Phyto Based
Metal Nanoparticles : A Green Approach. 2022, 34, 20–32.
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(7) Akintelu, S. A.; Folorunso, A. S.; Folorunso, F. A.; Oyebamiji, A. K. Green Synthesis
of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application and Environmental
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