1.

Title of project report

“Green synthesis of CuO-NPs from CuSO4.5H2O by using aqueous leafs extract of
Alstonia Scholaris”

2. Abstract.
The utilization of plants for the production of metallic nanoparticles is gaining significant
attention in research. In this study, we conducted phytochemical screening of Alstonia
Scholaris leaves extract using various solvent, including chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-
hexane, methanol, and water. Our findings revealed higher proportions of flavonoidess
and alkaloids in both solvent compared to other phytochemical species. Development of
an eco-friendly process for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles is an important aspect in
the field of nanotechnology1.

3. Key word
AlstoniaScholaris, copper nanoparticles, extract

4. Introduction
4.1Nano-particles

NPs are wide class of materials of various types that include particulate substances
which having one dimension less than 100nm. Their physical properties are change
with their size and shape (Au) Gold, (Pt) platinum, (Ag) silver,(Pd) palladium NPs
have different physical and chemical properties due to change in size and shape.

4.2History of Nanotechnology:

Nano-science breakthrough in almost every field of science and nanotechnologies

make life easier in this era. Nano science and nanotechnology represent an expanding
research area which involves structures, devices, and systems with novel properties
and function due to the arrangement of their atom on the 1-100 nm scale.

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4.3scientific terms

The British Standards Institution proposed the following definition for the scientific
term that has been used:
• Nanoscience: The sicence and study of matter at the nanoscale that deals with
understanding their and size and structure dependent properties and compares
the emergence of individual atoms or molecules or bulk material related
differences.
• Nanotechnology: Manipulation and control of matter on the nanoscale
dimension by using scientific knowledge of various industrial and biomedical
applications.
• Nanomaterial: Material with any internal or external structures on the
nanoscale dimension.
• Nano-object: Material that possesses one or more peripheral nanoscale
dimensions
• Nanoparticles: Nano-object with three external nanoscale dimensions. The
terms Nano rod or Nano plate are employed, instead of nanoparticles(NP)
when the longest and the shortest axes lengths of a nano-object are different.
• Nanofiber: when two similar exterior nanoscalre dimensions and a third
larger dimension are present in a nanomaterial, it is referred to as nanofiber.
• Nanocomposite: Multiphase structure with at least one phase on the
nanoscale dimension.
• Nanostructure: Composition of interconnected constituent parts in the
nanoscale region.
• Nanostructured materials: Materials containing internal or surface
nanostructure

4.4 Green synthesis of metal oxide based Nano-particles

In the recent years, CuO-NPs, FeO- NPs, NiO- NPs can used in various filed because
they have wide scope in energy conservation, textiles, electronics, healthcare,
catalysis, cosmetics, semiconductor, chemical sensing as a catalyst in organic

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 reaction, environmental technology. Nono particles can be synthesized by various
methods (Chemicals, physical and biosynthesis) with multiple properties and large
application.,

4.5 Ethno medicinal plant

Family Name: Apcocyna (Nerium family)
Scientific Name: Alstoniascholaris
• English-Black board trees
• Hindi-Saptparni
• Marathi-Saptparni

It is an evergreen tropical tree. It is native to Southern China tropical Asia. It is common organ
metal plants. It is toxic plant but is used traditionally for myriad diseases. The plant
alstoniascholaris has been used in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of
disease and ailments of human beings. It is reported to contain various alkaloids, flavonoids and
phenolic acids.

5 Research problem
CuO-NPs act as greener catalyst that is commonly used in organic synthesis. CuO-NPs has
interesting feature because it is eco-friendly, easily prepared, easy to workup and recyclable. So,
the idea of synthesizing CuO-NPs from CuSO4.5H2O By using Aqueous leafs extract of
Alstonia Scholaris shows good biological activities as well as versatile intermediate in organic
synthesis. After the extensive literature review we were convinced to focus on synthesis of CuO-
NPs from CuSO4.5H2O by using aqueous leafs extract of alstoniascholaris

6 Research gap
For the method of green synthesis of CuO-NPs it does not require high energy and
temperature and any other toxic chemical. This method of CuO-Nps is a cost effective and
reproducible and gives table product. A for green is similar to that of chemical by extract of
plant. The only differences in chemical reducing agent are replace by extract of plant. Such as
leaves, flowers, seed and roots.CuO-NPs play important roles after the extensive literature

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review, we have to convinced focus on this plants because of several potential by bioactivity
hence it is observed that green synthesis of CuO-NPs from the leaf part of plant.
So we focus on green synthesis of CuO-NPs from CuSO4.5H2O by using aqueous leaf
extract of Alstonia Scholaria.

7 Originality of project work

This project report is in its original form and has not been conducted by any other researchers
in any institution, university jurisdiction, or in any Indian university. Our findings may
contribute a new method, knowledge, observation and new approach in designing and Green
synthesis of CuO-NPs from CuSO4.5H2O By Using aqueous Leafs extract of AlstoniaScholaris.
This has never been investigated by any other researchers. So far, the originality is concerned.

8 Literature review
In resent research biosynthesis of nanometal using plant extract has opened a new era in fast,
nontoxic and eco-friendly methods for biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles. Many researchers
have reported the green synthesis of metal and metal oxide based nanoparticles by using various
parts of plants such as leaf, leaves, flower, stem, and root extract and their potential application
in various field.

The synthesis of nanostructure materials, especially metallic nanoparticles, has accrued almost
interest over the past decade owing to their unique properties that make them applicable in
different field of science and technology. The limitation to the use of these nanoparticles is the
paucity of an effective method of synthesis that will produce homogenous size and shape
nanoparticles as well as particles with limited or no toxicity to the human health and the
environment. Gold, silver and other metal nanoparticles like platinum, palladium, molybdenum
nanoparticles biosynthesis by bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae have been reported in the present
review2,3,4.

This review mainly focus on the biosynthesis of the most commonly studied metal and metal
salt nanoparticles such as silver ,gold,platinum,palladium, copper, cadmium, titanium oxide, zinc
oxide and cadmium sulphide5. These nanoparticles can be used in pharmaceuticals product as
antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents, targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, water electrolysis,

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waste water treatment, biosensors, biocatalysts, crop protection against pathogens, degradation of
dyes etc6.

9 Aims and objectives

Aim- “Green synthesis of CuO-NPs from CuSO4.5H2O by using aqueous leafs
extract of AlstoniaScholaris”

Objectives

1) Preparation of aqueous leafs extract

2) Green synthesis of CuO-NPs from CuSO4.5H2O

10 Scope and implications

1) The scope and limitations of project work is applicable to this plant.
2) CuO-NPs of this plan are helpful in organic synthesis of reaction like cross coupling and
any other organic reaction.
3) CuO-NPs act as a green catalyst, for the development of pharmaceuticals and agriculture
productions drug.
4) Conclusion on the scope and limitation of this approach based on SE lipids, further
studies are necessary. Moreover, GSH-SLN were investigated for their performance in
delivering the antioxidant peptide to immune competent fish cells, while GSE-SLN were
evaluated for their possible application in the treatment of pulmonary diseases.

11 Methodology (Material and Methods)

11.1) Collection of plants material

The leafs of the plant AlstoniaScholaris were collected from region of Buldana
District (MS).

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11.2) Preparation of plant extracts

Fresh leafs of AlstoniaScholaris plants were collected and shades dried. After dry were
grinded to fine powder. 10 gm of leaf powder of Alstoniascholaris was transfer into 250 ml
beaker containing 100 ml distilled water and boiled up to 2 hrs. After cooling, filtered with
vacuum suction pump using whatmann filter paper No.41 and is collected in conical flask, stored
in refrigerator to avoid formation of bacteria before it’s used for biosynthesis.

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11.3) Green synthesis ofCuONPs:

10 ml of 0.1 M of CuSO4.5H2O solution was prepared in 250 ml round bottom flask; 90 ml of

root extract was added to the copper chloride solution with 30:10 (V/V) using separating funnel
at 80°C for 3hrs with continuous stirrer using magnetic stirrer for accelerative bio reduction
CuO-NPs and every half hours at 10 ml of leaf extract in round bottom flask. The reddish brown
color indicated the formation of CuO-NPs. The fully reduced CuO-NPs solution was centrifuge
at 5000 rpm for 5-15 min. The supernal was discarded. The residue was purified with distilled
water7,8,7.

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Residue was collected in crucible and then it provides heat treatment/calcinations process at
500°C using muffle furnace with ambient air to achieve high purity and fine nano-sized CuO
particles

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12 .Result and Discussion
This method of green synthesis CuO-NPs beings by mixing the plant leaf extracts (natural) with
CuSO4.5H2O solution with biochemical reduction of cupric sulphate salt colour change is
observed in the solution indicating synthesis of CuO-NPs. In the present work, we developed
ecofriendly, clean, non-toxic, facile chemically preparative method, for the synthesis of CuO-
NPs using the extract of AlstoniaScholaris. Project investigation indicates that the extract of
AlstoniaScholarisis one of the new approaches in the field of nano-synthesis. To date, there is no
report on the green synthesis of CuO-NPs by utilizing the leaf extract of AlstoniaScholaris.

While performing our project we took (3.4 gm of CuSO4.5H2O) and obtain yield of
nanoparticles is 0.821gm result shows that the obtain nanoparticles are crystalline in nature
having a black color.

Nanoparticles have low particles momentum and very high mobility. Due to the small size of
nanoparticles they allow for free movement and therefore Heat treatment is necessary in furnace
which transfers heat. Synthesized CuO-NPs shows magnetic properties

13 Conclusion
The green synthesis of CuO-NPs by using aqueous leafs extract of this plant Alstonia
Scholaris is successfully synthesized. The present project work shows that the aqueous leafs
extract of this plant AlstoniaScholaris are efficiently used for CuO-NPs. Physical, chemical and
green synthesis methods are available for synthesis of CuO-NPs, but the physical and chemical
methods may be toxic and highly reactive and hence it is risk for environment and human health.
Therefore, to search an in expensive, reliable, safe and “Green” method for synthesis of CuO-
NPs with controlled size, shape and stability is highly warranted that is no physical or chemical
change when it stored.

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14. Further recommendation
• Complete characterization study must to understand about shape ,size, physical and
chemical properties of synthesized CuO-NPs using various techniques such as
• X-ray diffraction (XRD),
• Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM),
• High-resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HR-TEM),
• UV-Vis spectroscopy,
• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),
• Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS),
• EDX spectrum
• FTIR spectroscopy
• 2. We believe that in future if detailed overview of the established procedures for
synthesis of CuO-NPs and their application would help in various field of
nanotechnology such as chemical engineering, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry,
and materials chemistry.
• 3. In future this CuO-NPs help to understand about its bioactivities.
• Further research is needed to determine cause of CuO-NPs toxicity to action potential
hazards to the biomedical and environment.

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