Topic

Ch. 2 New Civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres (2200-250 BCE)

Name: Scarlett Kim Teacher: Mr. Erickson Class: APWH E Date: 9/6/11

Questions/Main Ideas:
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Notes
Early China 2000-221 BCE A. Geography and Resources Isolated: Himalaya Mt. Range, Pamir and Tian Mts. And Takla Makan Desert (west); Gobi Desert (NW)xp Trade: Pacific Ocean (east); b/w India, China and Central Asia East: b/c of mts. Trade or overland traveling was slow; Huang he and Yangtze = FERTILE; wide ranged climate Resources: timber, stone, metals, fertile land, loess (silt or yellowish-brown dust from Yellow River; millet, wheat, RICE; SILK West: dry, and empty not much action; later on Silk Road B. The Shang Period 1750-1027 BCE Originated part in Yellow River (Henan), into Mongolia, and south to Yangtze Riv. Warrior aristocracy (warfare, hunting, feasting, etc.) = Common; horse chariots = IMPORTANT for war Government: King and court; aristocrats = generals; different regions governed by native rulers allies to Shang king Cities: center of political control and religion; commoners lived outside the center (fields); feng shui orientation of buildings matter Pictograms and phonetic symbols to represent the sound of words to form a system of more than hundred signs Religion: King = God (MALE); divination will of god; ritual sacrifices to gods and ancestors to win divine favor Power? Bronze = high power; remarkable b/c there werent plenty in northern china C. The Zhou Period 1027-221 BCE Leader: Wu (longest lasting kings in history like Semitic ppl in Mesopotamia) + ideology and technology; Mandate of Heaven ruler is chosen by god; natural disasters, corruption, rebellion = signs of failure overthrow king Iron began to replace bronze 600 BCE; forge steel by removing carbon during the iron-smelting process Codes of law written down; Legalism demand for obedience and justice; fair treatment D. Confucianism, Daoism, Chinese society Confucius: drew parallel b/w family and state; family hierarchy; central influence; Mencius made his beliefs more commonly known Relationship b/w people (6) Daoism: Warring State Period; Laozi (originator); accept the world as you find it and follow the path of nature; avoid violence, no fight be wise Social Organization: Men are greater than women; Yin and Yang = males toughness is calmed or balanced by females gentleness; superior than one another (M > W) Nubia 3100-350 BCE Lies b/w Aswan & Khartoum Trade b/w Africa and Mediterranean Rich in gold copper, semiprecious stones A. Early Cultures and Egyptian Domination 2300-1100 BCE Nile River: essential for agriculture; long-distance commerce Egyptians wanted to take control the gold mines Kush - kingdom named by Egyptians; earliest urbanized centers in Africa; eventually destroyed by Egyptians and Nubia is under their control Religion: afterlife (tombs) Metalworking B. The Kingdom of Meroe 800-350 BCE Napata to Meroe important centers 701: mistake and lost power to Assyrians; Egyptian cultures remain (hieroglyphics, mummification) Women: important; same as the male roles; Nubian queens were common Iron replaced bronze 4th C. CE: bye bye Meroe nomads invade

1. What are the two most important rivers in China? 2. What are the geographical differences between East Asia and West Asia? 3. What are some positive effects of the Mandate of Heaven? 4. What are the 6 relationships Confucius stated? 5. In what ways were Nubia and Egypt similar? Terms Loess Divination Mandate of Heaven Legalism Confucius Daoism Kush Meroe

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