‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

Name: hms-ppu

Group : 3
Day : 12/10/2007

Experiment 1
"Introduction to chemical laboratory :Density determination"

1. Observation and results :

A. Density of chunks:
Mass of metallic chunks 6.55 g
Volume before adding chunks 190 ml
Volume after adding chunks 191ml
Volume of chunks 1 ml
(1)
Density of metal 2.82
g\ml (2)

B. Density of KBr solution :

i. Preparation of solution:
Assigned % KBr 12%
Mass of KBr
110g
Mass of beaker
92.65 g
Mass of beaker & KBr 205.74g
Mass of beaker + KBr+ water 333.65g
Actual % KBr
11.4% (3)
ii. Density determination:
Weight of empty graduated cylinder
Graduate + solution
Weight of solution
Volume of solution
Density of solution
Temperature of solution
Not: For experiment number , For calculation number , For the solution of
answers .

Calculation:
(1) Volume of chunks = Volume after adding chunks - Volume before
adding chunks
= 52ml-50ml =2ml

(2) Density of metal= Mass of metallic chunks/ Volume of chunks

=5.64g/2ml = 2.82g\ml
(3) Actual % KBr= Mass of KBr *100%\Mass of solution
= 18.2g\131.98g*100% = 13.79%
(4) Weight of solution= (Weight Graduate + solution) - Weight of empty
graduated cylinder
= 94.53g-43.5g =51.03g
(5) Density of solution= Weight of solution\ Volume of solution
= 51.03g/48ml=1.06g\ml

2. Answer the following questions:

A) What is the density of water (1g\ml) in the following units
g\cm3: 1g\cm3 (1cm3=1ml)
kg\m3: 1*103Kg\m3 (1g=10-3Kg,1cm3=10-6)
g\L: 1*103g\L (1ml=10-3L)

B) Name the factors affecting the density of pure substance and

solutions.

1- temperature increase →volume increase →density decrease

2- for solution: concentration of solute increase →mass of
solution increase →density increase

C) A 10-g sample of metal is added to 50 ml of water in a graduated

cylinder. The final volume in the graduated cylinder is 52.8 ml. Calculate the
density of the metal.
M=10g , V1=50ml , V2=52.8ml
D=M/Vs
Vs =V2-V1=52.8-50=2.8ml
 D = 10/2.8=3.57g\ml

D) A sample with the mass of 25 g of KBr is dissolved in 75 g of water.

Calculate the present by weight of KBr in the solution.
MKBr = 25g , Mwater = 75g
% by mass = MKBr *100%\( MKBr+ Mwater )
=25*100%\(25+100) = 25%
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Name: hms-ppu

Group: 3
Day: 15/10/2007
Experiment 2
"Determination of boiling and melting points of chemical compounds"

I. Observations and results:

Part A
1. Thermometer Calibration:
Barometric pressure
640 tors
Correct boiling point of water
97.3 C
Thermometer reading in ice-water bath 1C
Thermometer reading in boiling water bath 98 C
Thermometer error:
At 0C
1
At 100C
0.7
Plot the calibration graph of the thermometer using your experimental results

2. Unknown determination:
Code number of unknown
B
Observed boiling point
57 C
Corrected boiling point
56.2 C
Reference boiling point
56.1 C
The unknown liquid is
Acetone

Part B
Observed melting point (rang)
(118-125)C
Reference melting point
122C
The recrystallized unknown substance is Benzoic
Acid

II. Answer the following questions:

1. Define:
Boiling point of compound: The temperature at which the pressure of the
vapor of the substance becomes equal to the prevailing external pressure on
the surface.
Melting point of compound: The temperature at which the substance
(crystals) change it's physical state from solid to liquid.
2. How will the following affect the boiling and melting points of a
substance?
a. A change in the barometric pressure
Barometric pressure α boiling point, that's mean if barometric
pressure increase the boiling point will increase and the opposite is correct.
b. The presence of impurities in the substance
The impurities in the substance will change the actual boiling or
milting point for the substance for example if little of salt in water the milting
point will be under zero siliceous degree so that in Europe they spray salt
on ice-water to open the roads

3. How can you confirm that the identified unknown basing on boiling and
melting points is actually that substance it is believed to be?
When we do the steps of the experiment we have reading if this reading
as or nearly of the reference point in the table of boiling and melting points
that's mean we have the same substance.
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Name: hms-ppu

Group: 3
Day: 24/10/2007

Experiment 3
"The empirical formula of a chemical compound (Magnesium Oxide)"
_____________________________________________________________
____

I. Observations and results:

Mass of crucible and cover

45.5 g
Mass of crucible and Magnesium sample 25.34
g (without cover)
Mass of crucible and residue after heating 26.02 g
Mass of Magnesium sample
1g
Mass of Magnesium Oxide
1.68 g (1)
Mass of Oxygen in Magnesium Oxide 0.68
g
Moles of magnesium
0.042 mol (2)
Moles of Oxygen
0.0425 mol (3)
Moles ratio of Mg to O
1:1 (4)
Empirical formula of Magnesium Oxide MgO
Percent by mass of O in Magnesium Oxide 40.5% (5)
Percent by mass of Mg in Magnesium Oxide 59.5% (6)
Percent by mass of O (based on formula 40% (7)
Percent error
0.0125 (8)

II. Calculation:
 (1) mMgO = 26.02-24.34=1.68 g
(2) nMg =mMg/MMg=1/24=0.042 mol
(3) nO=mO/MO=0.68/16=0.425 mol
(4) nMg : nO == (0.042 : 0.0425)/0.042 == 1:1
(5) %O= (mO/msample)*100% =(0.68/1.68)*100%=40.5%
(6) %Mg =(mMg/msample)*100%=(1/1.68)*100%=59.5%
(7) %Otheoretically= (mO/msample)*100%= (16/40)*100%=40%
(8) Error =(actual – theoretical)/theoretical=(40.5-40)/40=0.0125

III. Answer the following questions:

1. How mould your experimental results be affected if:
a. The crucible was not dry and cleans before the initial weighing
Maybe this impurities react with magnesium so that will increase the
error of this experimental

b. The produced magnesium nitride was not converted to oxide

The mass of sample will be larger than the mass of magnesium oxide
that’s will affect on moles of oxygen and the empirical formula of
magnesium oxide

c. Some of the solid residue was lost before the final weighing
Any thing lost will affect on mass of oxygen in magnesium oxide
because we will consider the mass of magnesium is 1 g, so the mole
ratio will be not correct

d. Magnesium was not completely convert to oxide

The mass of oxygen will affect, so mole ratio will be not correct and
empirical formula is wrong (oxygen decrease)

2. If we know that the empirical and the molecular formula of magnesium

oxide are the same, basing on your results complete the equation (1) and (3)
in the text and balance them. Write the balanced net equation of the process
of the combustion of magnesium described in the experiment
heat
Mg + O2 + N2 2MgO + Mg3N2
Mg3N2 + 6H2O 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3
 3Mg(OH)2 3MgO + 3H2O
5Mg + O2 + N2 + 3H2O 5MgO + 2NH3

Not: For experiment number , For calculation number , For the solution of
answers .
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Name: hms-ppu
Group: C
Day: 5/10/2006

Experiment 4
"Water of hydration"
_________________________________________________________________

I. Observations and results:

Unknown number Na2CO3010H2O

Molar mass of anhydrous salt 106 g/mol
Mass of crucible 123.52 g
Mass of crucible and hydrate 124.97 g
Mass of crucible and residue after heating 123.80
Mass of hydrate 1.43 g (1)
Mass of anhydrous salt 0.28 g
Mass of water of anhydrous salt 1.17 g (3)
Moles of anhydrous salt 0.00175 mol (4)
Moles of water 0.065 mol (5)
Moles of water per 1 mol hydrate 3.887 mol
% water in the hydrate 81% (6)
Molar mass of hydrate 176 g/mol (7)

II. Calculation:

(1) Mass of hydrate = 124.95-123.52=1.43 g

(2) Mass of anhydrous salt =123.80-123.52 =0.28 g
(3) Mass of water of anhydrous salt =124.97 g -123.80=1.17 g
(4) n =m/M=0.28 /106= 0.00175 mol
(5) n= m/M=1.17 /18=0.065 mol
(6) %water= (mwater/msample)*100%= (1.17 /1.43)*100%=81%
(7) In hydrate (anhydrous salt : water) ,that’s mean the ratio between anhydrous
salt and water in hydrate as (0.00175: 0.065) or (1:38.23) ,from the ratio the
hydrate is Na2CO304H2O ,and molar mass is 176 g/mol
III. Answer the following questions:
1. What percent by weight of water is in alum KAI(SO4)2.12H2O
Take sample of hydrate
,nhydrate =m/M =100\474=0.211 mol
1 mole hydrate === 12 mole water
0.211 mol === ??
Moles of water =2.532 mol
Mass of water =n*M =2.532*18 =45.576 g
%water = (mwater/msample)*100% = (45.576/100)*100%=45.576%

2. A solid hydrate weighting 2.691 g was heated to drive off the water .A solid
anhydrate residue remained which weighed 2.259 g /Calculate the percent by mass
of water in the hydrate .If the anhydrous residue has a molar mass of 282 g/mol
how many moles of water contained in one mole of hydrous salt?
,mwater = mhydrate-manhydrate=2.692-2.259=0.432 g
%water =(mwater/msample)*100% =(0.432/2.691)*100% =16%
,nanhydrate = m/M=2.259/282 =0.008 mol
, nwater = 0.432/18=0.024 mol
0.008 mol ===== 0.024 mol
1 mol ===== ??
, nwater =3 mol in one mole of hydrous

Not: For experiment number , For calculation number , For the solution of
answers .
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Name: hms-ppu
Group: D
Day: 29/10/2005

Experiment 5
"Decomposition of potassium chlorate"
_________________________________________________________________

I. Observations and results:

Part A
Mass of test tube and MnO2 10 g
Mass of test tube, MnO2 and KClO3 11 g
Mass of test tube, MnO2 and KCl residue 10.61 g
Mass of KClO3 added 1g
Mass of oxygen lost 0.39 g (1)
% oxygen in potassium chlorate (experimental) 39 % (2)
% oxygen in potassium chlorate (theoretical) 39.18% (3)

Part B
Mass of test tube and MnO2 14.58 g
Mass of test tube, MnO2 and mixture 15.58 g
Mass of test tube, MnO2 and residue 15.5 g
Mass of oxygen lost 0.08 (4)
Moles of oxygen lost 5*10-3 mol (5)
Moles of potassium chlorate in mixture 1.67*10-3 mol (6)
% potassium chlorate in the mixture 20.4% (7)

II. Calculation:

(1) Mass of oxygen = 11-10.61=0.39 g

(2) % oxygen =(m(O2)/m(KClO3))*100%=)0.39/1)*100%=39%
(3) From 1 mol KClO3 % oxygen =(48/122.5)*100%=39.18%
(4) Mass of oxygen=15.58-15.5=0.08 g
(5) n=0.08/16= 5*10-3 mol
 (6) KClO3 : oxygen
1: 3 so n (KClO3) = 5*10-3 /3=1.67*10-3 mol
(7) Mass KClO3 =1.67*10-3*122.5 =0.204 g
% potassium chlorate=(0.204/1)*100%=20.4%

III. Answer the following questions:

1. How would your experiment results be effected if :
a. Heating was not strong enough to decompose potassium chlorate
completely
The potassium chlorate will not decompose completely so the mass of
residue will increase and mass of oxygen lost will decrease so %of
oxygen will decrease
b. some soot from the burner was deposited on the test tube
The soot will effect on weighting which we take after remove the test
tube from burner (this value will increase) then the mass of oxygen will
decrease because the addition soot become over oxygen final %oxygen
will decrease
c. Manganese dioxide was not added
Manganese dioxide is used as catalyst, and we know the catalyst not part
of reaction it's faster the reaction also, so if we don’t add it the reaction
become slower than if we add the catalyst, in the result the reaction will
complete but in more time

2. If after heating 1.5 g of sodium bicarbonate – sodium carbonate mixture till

the complete decomposition of sodium bicarbonate the loss of the mass was
0.369 g, what is the percentage of sodium bicarbonate in the mixture?
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3+H2O+CO2
2NaHCO3(s)+ Na2CO3(s) Na2CO3(g)+ Na2CO3+ H2O+ CO2
mmix =m NaHCO3 +m Na2CO3=1.5 g ………..(1)
m Na2CO3+m Na2CO3=1.05-0.369=1.131 g …………………..(2)
From equation of reaction: n Na2CO3=(1/2)n NaHCO3
From (1) & (2)
M NaHCO3+1.131-m Na2CO3 =1.5
M NaHCO3+1.131-(n Na2CO3 *M Na2CO3) = 1.5
M NaHCO3+1.131-((1/2)(n NaHCO3)(106)=1.5
M NaHCO3=1g
% NaHCO3 = 1/1.5*100%=66.7%

Not: For experiment number , For calculation number , For the solution of
answers .
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Name: hms-ppu
Group: A
Day:10/11/2005

Experiment 6
"Identification of seven solutions"
_________________________________________________________________

I. Complete table 1 before coming to lab

Table 1
Na2CO3 CaCl2 Ba(NO3)2 AgNO3 HCl HNO3 NaOH
Na2CO3 N.R. Precip Precip Gas Gas N.R.
CaCl2 N.R. Precip N.R. N.R. N.R.
Ba(NO3)2 N.R. N.R. N.R. Precip
AgNO3 Precip N.R. Precip
HCl N.R. Heat
HNO3 Heat
NaOH
Not: Precip means Precipitate

II. Observations and results:

1. Write your experimental observations in table 2

Table 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Heat Heat Precip Precip N.R. N.R.
2 N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. Gas
3 Precip N.R. N.R. Gas
4 N.R. Precip Precip
5 N.R. Precip
6 N.R.
7
Not: Precip means Precipitate
 2. Using your observations identify the seven solution and fill the table:

Code Formula and name

1 NaOH
2 HNO3
3 HCl
4 AgNO3
5 Ba(NO3)2
6 CaCl2
7 Na2CO3

III. Answer the following questions:

1. Write net ionic equations for all reactions (precipitate formation, gas
evolution and temperature change) you have listed in table 1
a. CO32- + Ba2+ BaCO3(s)
2- 1+
b. CO3 + 2Ag Ag2CO3(s)
2- 1+
c. CO3 + 2H H2O + CO2(g)
2- 1+
d. CO3 + 2H H2O + CO2(g)
1- 1+
e. 2Cl + 2Ag 2AgCl(s)
2+ 1-
f. Ba + 2OH Ba(OH)2(s)
1- 1+
g. Cl + Ag AgCl(s)
1+ 1-
h. Ag + OH AgOH(s)
i. NaOH + HCl H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) + Heat ΔT > 0
j. NaOH + HNO3 H2O(l) + NaNO3(aq) + Heat ΔT > 0

2. Determine metathesis reactions. Give examples

Metathesis reactions: reactions in which a precipitate (solid substance) is
formed and gases are formed
The solutions, are observed in addition to those where electrolyte is formed
Ex:
Ba(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 2NaNO3(aq) + BaCO3(s)
Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Not: For experiment number , For calculation number , For the solution of
answers .
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Name: hms-ppu
Group: D
Day: 19/11/2005

Experiment 7
"The limiting reaction"
_________________________________________________________________

I. Observations and results:

Part A
Mass of filter paper 0.76 g
Mass of filter paper and dried BaSO4 1.16 g
Mass of formed BaSO4 0.4 g (1)
Moles of BaSO4 reacted 1.7*10-3 mol (2)
Moles of Na2SO4 reacted 1.7*10-3 mol (3)
Mass of Na2SO4 reacted 0.24 g (4)
Moles of Ba(NO3)2 reacted 1.7*10-3 mol (3)
Mass of Ba(NO3)2 reacted 0.44 g (5)

Part B
The limiting reactant is Ba(NO3)2

Part C
Mass of additional BaSO4 formed 1.03 - 0.77 = 0.26 g
Moles of additional BaSO4 formed 1.1*10-3 mol (6)
Moles of excess reactant remained 1.1*10-3 mol (7)
Mass of excess reactant remained 0.29 g (8)
% limiting reactant in the mixture 45.4 % (9)

II. Calculation:
Na2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 + 2NaNO3
SO42- + Ba2+ BaSO4
(1) Mass BaSO4 = 1.16-0.76=0.4 g
(2) Moles of BaSO4 =Mass/Molar mass =0.4/233.4=1.7*10-3
(3) From first equation
(4) Mass Na2SO4 = 1.7*10-3 *142=0.24 g
 (5) Mass Ba(NO3)2 = 1.7*10-3 *261.3 =0.44 g
(6) Moles of additional BaSO4 = 0.26/233.4 = 1.1*10-3 mol
(7) From second equation
(8) Mass excess Ba(NO3)2 = 1.1*10-3 * 261.3 = 0.29 g
(9) % Ba(NO3)2 =mass Ba(NO3)2 *100%/(mass Ba(NO3)2 + mass Na2SO4
excess + mass Na2SO4 reactant )
= 0.44 * 100% / (0.44+0.24+0.29) = 45.4%

III. Answer the following questions:

1. Name the advantages of using an excess of one reactant in performing
chemical reactions
Usually the less expensive and the more abundant is excess and the
advantages is speed the rat of reaction and increase the percentage yield
of the production

2. How would your experiment results be effected if :

a. The separated precipitate was not dried enough before weighing
The weight of precipitate will increase, the moles of precipitate will
increase, the moles of limiting reactant will increase, the mass of limiting
reactant will increase, the moles of excess reactant will increase and the
mass of excess reactant will increase, so the actual numbers will increase
and be wrong
b. Insufficient amount of the precipitating agent was added in part B
The amount of excess will be less; the percentage of limiting reactant will
increase in the reaction

3. If a 1.5 g of sodium carbonate – calcium chloride was dissolved in water and

0.63 g of solid calcium carbonate was filtered and dried, calculate the
percentage composition of the mixture if the limiting reactant was
determined as sodium carbonate
Na2CO3 +CaCl2 CaCO3+2NaCl
-
Mol CaCO3 = 0.63/100 = 6.3*10 ³ mol
Mol Na2CO3 = Mol CaCO3 =6.3*10-3 mol
Mass Na2CO3 = 6.3*10-3 * 106 = 0.6678 g
% Na2CO3 = 0.6678 *100%\1.5 = 44.52%
%CaCl2 = 100% - %Na2CO3 = 100% - 44.52% = 55.48%

Not: For experiment number , For calculation number , For the solution of
answers .
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Name: hms-ppu
Group: D
Day: 24/9/2005

Experiment 9
"Stoichiometry of two chemical reaction"
__________________________________________________________________

I. Observations and results:

A. Reaction between HCl and NaOH:

Table 1
ml 1 M HCl ml 1 M NaOH Temperature change
5 45 25-24=1 Cº
10 40 25-23.5=1.5 Cº
15 35 25.5-22.5=2 Cº
20 30 26-23=3 Cº
25 25 27-23=4 Cº
30 20 26-22.5=3.5 Cº
35 15 24-22=2 Cº
40 10 22.5-21.5=1 Cº
45 5 22-21.5=0.5 Cº

B. Reaction between H2SO4 and NaOH

Table 2
ml 1 M H2SO4 ml 1 M NaOH Temperature change
5 20 30.5-23=7.5 Cº
10 20 33.5-23=10.5 Cº
15 20 33-23.5=9.5 Cº
20 20 32-23=9 Cº
25 20 31-23=8 Cº
30 20 30.5-23=7.5 Cº
35 20 29.5-23=6.5 Cº
40 20 29-23=6 Cº
45 20 28-22.5=5.5 Cº
III. Answer the following questions:
1. If a substantial amount of heat is lost to the surroundings, how will this affect
the experimental value of each of Hccal and determined ΔH? Explain your answer
If a substantial amount of heat is lost to the surroundings the equation will
be Qhw=Qcw+Qcal+Qsurrounding , that’s mean the amount of heat of hot water
will goes to cold water, calorimeter and surrounding, but we can't account
the amount of heat of surrounding so that we will consider the equation is
Qhw=Qcw+Qcal , then the ΔH will be less than the actual amount (decrease),
the analyze of equation is :
Spwater *mhwater* (Th-Tf) = Spwater * mcwater * (Tf-Tc) + Hccal* ΔT2 and
Hccal = Spwater *mhwater* (Th-Tf) - Spwater * mcwater * (Tf-Tc) / (Tf-Tc)
= Spwater (mhwater* (Th-Tf) - mcwater* (Tf-Tc))/ (Tf-Tc)
Th , Tc , mhwater , mcwater & Spwater is constant
Tf decrease so that Th-Tf increase & Tf-Tc decrease, so the Hccal will increase

2. Why is it necessary for all components to be at room temperature at the

beginning at the experiment
Because the temperature is the most part are necessary in this
experiment and when we change any of surroundings at the beginning
or final of experiment (especially temperature) the numbers of the
experiment will change, that’s will happen if the temperature of room
change after starting the experiment

Not: For experiment number, For calculation number, For the solution of answers.
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Name: hms-ppu
Group: D
Day: 24/10/2005

Experiment 9
"Stoichiometry of two chemical reaction"
__________________________________________________________________

I. Observations and results:

A. Reaction between HCl and NaOH:

Table 1
ml 1 M HCl ml 1 M NaOH Temperature change
5 45 25-24=1 Cº
10 40 25-23.5=1.5 Cº
15 35 25.5-22.5=2 Cº
20 30 26-23=3 Cº
25 25 27-23=4 Cº
30 20 26-22.5=3.5 Cº
35 15 24-22=2 Cº
40 10 22.5-21.5=1 Cº
45 5 22-21.5=0.5 Cº

B. Reaction between H2SO4 and NaOH

Table 2
ml 1 M H2SO4 ml 1 M NaOH Temperature change
5 20 30.5-23=7.5 Cº
10 20 33.5-23=10.5 Cº
15 20 33-23.5=9.5 Cº
20 20 32-23=9 Cº
25 20 31-23=8 Cº
30 20 30.5-23=7.5 Cº
35 20 29.5-23=6.5 Cº
40 20 29-23=6 Cº
45 20 28-22.5=5.5 Cº
III. Answer the following questions:
1. Based on your results above, in what molar ratio do:
a. HCl and NaOH react: 1:1
b. H2SO4 and NaOH react: 1:2

2. Write balance equation for the reaction between:

a. HCl and NaOH:
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O + ΔH
b. H2SO4 and NaOH:
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O + ΔH

3. What is the difference between the forms of graph obtained in part A and
B of this experiment? Explain your answer.
The difference between part A and B:
A. The molar ratio in part A is 1:1, HCl:NaOH. and in B is 1:2
H2SO4:NaOH, we known that from the max change of heat, in
that’s point in A was when the volume of the reactions is the
same, and in B was when NaOH is 20 ml and H2SO4 is 10 ml.
B. The change of temperature in B mar than A, because H2SO4 is
stronger than HCl.
C. In A the curve start from 0 and end from 0, but in B start from
0 and goes to 0 after many times (when H2SO4 larger than
NaOH many times),because in A the two reactions is change in
volume so when the volume of any two reactions is 0 that’s
mean no reaction so no change in temperature, in B the volume
of NaOH is constant (20 ml) that’s mean the change of
temperature goes to 0 (≈ 0) when the volume of H2SO4 more
and more than NaOH, because the large volume and low heat.

Not: For experiment number, For calculation number, For the solution of answers.
 ‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Name: hms-ppu
Group: D
Day: 2/12/2005

Experiment 10
"Molecular weight of a volatile liquid"
_________________________________________________________________

I. Observations and results:

First trial
Mass of dry apparatus 91.9 g
Mass of apparatus and condensed vapor 92.3 g
Mass of condensed vapor 0.4 g(1)
Total volume of flask (ml) 338 ml
Total volume of flask (L) 0.338 L(2)
Barometric pressure (torr) 750 torr
Barometric pressure (atm) 0.987 atm(3)
Temperature of vapor (Cº) 98 Cº
Temperature of vapor (K) 371 K(4)
Molecular weight of liquid (g\mol) 36.48 g\mol(5)

II. Calculation:
(1) Mass of condensed vapor = 92.3-91.9=0.4 g
(2) Total volume of flask (L)=338*10-3 =0.338 L
(3) Barometric pressure =750/760=0.987 atm
(4) Temperature of vapor (K)= 98+273=371 K
(5) P*V=n*R*T ,n=m/M
M = (m*R*T)/(P*V)
= (0.4*0.082*371)/(0.987*0.338) = 36.48 g\mol
III. Answer the following questions:
1. How would your experiment results be effected if :
a. Some water was left on the apparatus
The water will affect weight of the flask and the results will be in correct.
Molecular weight will increase.
b. The liquid not completely evaporated.
This gives in correct calculations since when we scale the apparatus to
measure the weight of vapor in the flask. This evaporated liquid will
measured with vapor and this increase the molecular weight obtained
from the calculations
c. You forgot to make a pinhole in the foil.
The pressure inside the flask will increase and being larger than
atmospheric pressure ,and any liquid that required to fill the flask as
vapor can’t escape as liquid is heated so this will incorrect results
(decrease the molecular weight).

2. If 0.80 g of the vapor of unknown liquid occupied 280 ml at 100 C° and 750
torr, calculate the molecular weight of the liquid.
P= 750 torr = 0.987 atm, T=100 C = 373 K, V=280 ml=0.28 L
P*V= n*R*T, n=m/M
M=(m*R*T)/(P*V)
=(0.8*0.082*373)/(0.987*0.28) = 88.54 g\mol

Not: For experiment number , For calculation number , For the solution of
answers .