REED 2 WEEK 1-4 REVIWER
TOPIC: THE LIFE OF PRAYER
Summary
 What is Prayer? Prayer is speaking and listening to
God and desiring to be united with God and to do his
will.
 Why do we pray to God? We pray because it is right
to adore God, to thank him and repent before him.
We also pray because he hear our prayers and to
know God personally is our greatest happiness.
 The principal activities of prayer are adoration,
thanksgiving, repentance and intercession/petition.
 The asking of proper gifts or graces from God, such
as material, moral and spiritual goods and proetection  Lent is fourty-day length of prayer. (Fasting and
or rescue from evils.
 Petition is for oneself;
 Intercession is for others.
 Prayer is not just in mind because Gods act when
we pray and and frequntly causes milaculous
changes in ourselve and in the world. Also mental
conversation with God should be joined with physical
one like words and gestures.
 Does prayer seek mental void? No because prayer
is not a mental exercise to empty ouw minds, like Zen
Buddhism. Prayer always has God and the things of
God as it is.
 Is prayer a ritual technique? No, prayer is never a
ritual techniques like magic, seeking power or other
benefits. Because christian prayer leads us to the
knowledge and love of God.
HOW DO WE PRAY?
Summary
 The four main forms of prayer are:
 Vocal Prayer (mental activity that should be
accompanied by physical one. Example Our
Father, Hail Mary ect.)
 Meditative Prayer (Mental conversation with
God ofter facilitated through Sacred, and Holy
Writings)
 Liturgical Prayer (The official and public prayer
of the church, ch as Mass and Divine Office.
Liturgy also involves the Church as a whole.)
 Contemplative Prayer (A simple and loving
apprehension or God or divine things brought
about by the Holy Spirit and the growth of his
gifts in our souls.)
 Dificulties in prayer and their remedies: No Time,
Boredom, Distraction, Dryness, No Answer.
 A regular time for prayer each day is a great help.
Other aids to pryaer include a Bible , Christian prayer  Petitions for the good thigs we need
books and devotional objects, such as holy pictures,
a rosary and a crucifix.
 We should also rely on the help of the Holy Spirit to
pray and to ask the intersection of Mary and the
saints.
TOPIC: LITURGY AND SACRAMENTS
Summary
 The sacred liturgy is the true worship of God, enacted
by Jesus Christ and his body, the Church, through
the power of the Holy Spirit.
 It is a shared ‘public work’ (leitourgia) with
ceremonies, rites and formulas established by
Scripture and Tradition.
 The Church has liturgy in obedience to the will of
God; it is also clear that liturgy is fitting for us as
social and physical beings. The most importanat
liturgies are those of the sacraments and the Divine
Office. Liturgy follows fixed times and seasons.
 Liturgy is celebrated through set times and seasons.
 Advent is four-weeks preperation for the coming of
Jesus Christ. Christmas then is the final coming at the
end of time.
Almsgiving)
 Holy week and Easter are when we celebrate his
redemptive death and Resurrection.
TOPIC: THE LORD’S PRAYER
Summary
 The ‘Lord’s Prayer’, also called the Our Father, is the
prayer Jesus taugh his disciples when they asked him
to teach them to pray.
 The Lord’s prayer is made up of an opening
invocation, petitions regarding God and petitions for
the good things we need.
 We pray ‘Our Father’ because we have become
children of God in Baptism. Praying ‘who art in
heaven’ helps to raise our minds to heavenly things.
What are the Petitions?
 Petitions regarding God
 Hallowed be thy name
 To pray for the wider propagation and
growth of the personal knowledge and love
of God.
 Thy kingdom come
 We pray ‘thy kingdom come’, so that God’s
present reign on earth might increase and
his everlasting kingdom be established by
Christ’s coming in glory.
 They will be done on earth, as it is in heaven
 We pray ‘Thy will be done on earth, as it is
in heaven’ because God is love and his will
is for our good.
 This petition teaches us that our freely
offered prayers help to accomplish what
God wills for us. Uttering this petition also
conforms our wills to his.
 Give us this day our daily bread
 We pray give us this day our daily bread” to
petition God for our natural needs.
 Forgive us our trespasses as we forgive
those who trespass against us
 We pray ‘forgive us our trespasses’ to
petition God to forgive the dept of sin we
owe him.
 Lead us not into temptation
 We pray ‘lead us not into temptation’ to ask
God to remove temptations or to give us the
 strength to resist them successfully.
Temptations encourage us to sin by
presenting evil under the guise of good.
 Deliver us from evil
 We pray ‘deliver us from evil’ to petition God
to set us free from all evil and especially
from ‘the evil one’, the devil.
 Amen
 We pray ‘amen’ to complete the Lord’s
Prayer. It means ‘truly’ or ‘let it be so’.
 Amen also espresses the expectation that
God will grant what we have asked.
Summary
 In the Lord’s Prayer, we pray the petitions to God for
the wider propagation and growth of the personal
knowledge and love of God and the coming of his
kingdom.
 In the Lord’s Prayer, we also pray for the good things
we need: divine sestenance; forgiveness; help in
temptation; deliverance from evil. These petitions
also help t remind us of our depedency on God.
WHEN, WHERE AND HOW TO CELEBRATE THE
LITURGY?
Who Celebrates?
 Liturgy is an “action” of the whole Christ. Those who
even now celebrate it without signs are already in the
heavenly liturgy, where celebration is wholly
communion and feast.
The Celebrants of the heavenly liturgy
 The Book of Revelation depicts the Lord God, Christ
crucified and risen, and the Holy Spirit flowing from
the throne, symbolizing the true sanctuary.
“Recapitulated in Christ”
 The heavenly powers, creation, Old and New
Covenant servants, new People of God, martys,
Mother of God, Bride of the Lamb, and a vast
multitude from all nations participate in God's praise
and fulfillment.
The Celebration of the Sacramental LIiurgy
 Liturgical services are collective celebrations of the
Church, involving the whole community, organized
under bishops' authority, with effects on individual
members depending on their roles and participation.
 The Church encourages active participation in
liturgucal celebrations among its members, with
certain servants serving as icons of Christ the Priest,
promoting the benefit of all Church members.
 Liturgical celebrations are a vital part of holy orders,
incorporating liturgical traditions and the common
priesthood's work, ensuring a harmonious and unified
liturgical experience.
HOW is the liturgy Celebrated?
Signs & Symbols
 A sacramental celebration is made up of signs and
symbols. Divine teaching of redemption is deeply
rooted in human culture, as demonstrated by Old
Covenant events and Christ's person and activity.
 Signs of the covenant
 The Church uses covenant signs in liturgical
activity, highlighting the Old Covenant's acts of
grace and sacrifice, foreshadowing the New
Covenant's sacraments.
 Signs taken up by Christ
 During his discourse, Jesus frequently uses
creation signs to explain the mysteries of the
kingdom of God. Passover is a symbolic event
that uses physical and symbolic gestures to
emphasize the Old Covenant's actions and
signs, making Jesus the meaning of these
events.
 Sacramental signs
 The Holy Spirit sanctifies the Church through
sacramental symbols, fulfilling the Old Covenant,
presenting Christ's salvation, and foreshadowing
heaven's splendor.
Words & Actions
 The Holy Spirit is a vital component in the
sacramental celebration, facilitating dialogue between
God's children and their Father in Christ.
 Liturgy of the Word
 Sacramental celebrations are an integral part of
fostering faith by emphasizing the Word of God,
which is a book that encapsulates the divine
teachings.
 The book of the Word (A lectionary or a
book of the Gospels)
 Veneration (Procession, incense, candles)
 The place of its proclamation (Lectern or
ambo)
 Liturgical words and actions are interconnected,
serving as indicators, instructions, and achieving their
intended purpose.
Singing & Music
 The universal Church's sacred music is an integral
part of its liturgy, serving as a powerful symbol of the
Church's commitment to sacred music.
 Three Principal Criteria:
 Beauty expressive of prayer
 Unanimous participation of the assembly at
the designated moments
 Solemn character of the celebration
 Sacred Scripture and Catholic doctrine are crucial in
expressing the cultural richness of words in Catholic
worship, ensuring harmony and fruitful expression in
religious expression.
Holy Images
 Words and sacred images convey the Gospel
message, highlighting Christ's incarnation and the
holy Mother of God, enhancing the liturgical
celebrations' connection to Christ.
WHEN is the Liturgy Celebrated?
 The Church celebrates the saving work of its divine
Spouse, the Savior God, through a sacred
 commemoration called Passover. This event,
observed weekly, commemorates the Lord's
resurrection and unfolds the mystery of Christ. The
liturgy, marked with the prayer "Today!", reflects the
newness of the mystery of Christ and the eternal light
of the Savior God.
The Lord’s Day
 The Church commemorates the Paschal mystery on
the seventh day, honoring Christ's Resurrection, a
day that marks the Lord's creation and the beginning
of the week.
The Lord’s day, the day of Resurrection, the day of
Christians, is our day.
 On the Lord's day, Sunday is the pre-eminent day for
liturgical assembly, honoring the Passion,
Resurrection, and glory of Lord Jesus, raising the
light of justice and healing.
The Liturgical Year
 The easter Triduum marks the beginning of the new
age of the Resurrection, transforming the liturgical
year and bringing the kingdom of God into our time.
Eastern Churches celebrate Easter as the Great
Sacrament, despite differing dates due to different
calculations.
The Sanctoral in the Liturgical Year
 The Holy Church celebrates the annual cycle of
mysteries of Christ, honoring the Blessed Mary with
special love and promoting her as an example of
Christ's saving work.
Liturgical Year and Seasons
What is Liturgical Calendar?
 The Church celebrates Jesus Christ's life through the
liturgical year, a sequence of seasons and feasts,
highlighting the Mother Church's teachings and the
mystery of his return.
Why do we use the Liturgical Calendar?
 The Church uses the liturgical calendar to celebrate
the entire mystery of Jesus Christ, including his birth,
ascension, and return, providing a comprehensive
understanding of his life.
What are the seasons of the Liturgical Year?
 The liturgical calendar leads us through the seasons
of the liturgical year.
 The first season of the liturgical year is ADVENT.
1ST Sunday of ADVENT begins after the Solemnity of
Christ the King.
 On Christmas Day, the color purple symbolizes
preparation for Christ, while on Gaudete Sunday, the
color rose expresses joy and anticipation for the
joyous season of Christmas.
 WHITE, the color of joy and vistory, ais used for the
season of Christmas.
 ORDINARY TIME is the season in which we
celebrate the life and teaching of Jesus Christ and
what it means to be his disciple.
 The name of this season is derived from the word
ordinal, meaning “to count.”
The first falls between Christmas and Lent.
 Part 1 of Ordinary Time begins the day after the
Baptism of the Lord and continues to Tuesday before
Ash Wednesday.
The second occurs between the seasons of Easter
and Advent.
 Part 2 of Ordinary Time begins the day after
Pentecost and continues to the Saturday before the
1st Sunday of Advent. Green, seen everywhere in
plants and trees, smbolizes life and hope and is the
color used during Ordinary Time.
 LENT begins on Ash Wednesday.
 Holy Thursday, Leatare Sunday, Ash Wednesday,
and Fourth Sunday of Lent are significant days in the
Christian calendar, promoting penance, renewal, and
anticipation for Easter.
 TRIDUUM is the Church’s greatest celebration.
Triduum lasts three days (from Holy Thursday
evening until Easter Sunday evening, SATURDAY)
 Red (the color of blood) is used on days when we
celebrate the passion of JEsus on Passion Sunday
and Good Friday.
 Easter, marked by joy and victory, and Pentecost
Sunday, symbolizes the Holy Spirit, a crucial aspect
of the Easter season, highlighting the new life in
Jesus Christ.
 A - dvent
 C - hristmas
 O - rdinary Time Part 1
 L - ent
 P - aschal Triduum
 E - aster
 O - rdinary Time Part 2
 The church celebrates Jesus Christ's life every
liturgical season, reminding us that all time is sacred
and a gift from God, fostering joy and presence.
 NOTE: All Sundays are Holy Days of Obligation,
even if they are not included in this list.
The Liturgy of the Hours
 The Sunday assembly, a part of the Church's divine
office, celebrates the Liturgy of the Hours, a public
prayer of the Church. This event integrates the prayer
of the psalms into the Church's age, symbolizing the
time of day and the liturgical seson.
Where is the Liturgy Celebrated?
 The worship of the New Covenant is not tied to any
one place, but rather to the whole earth, which is
sacred and entrusted to the children of men.
Christians construct buildings for divine worship, such
as churches, which symbolize the dwelling of God
with men reconciled and united in Christ. These
churches are houses of prayer where the Eucharist is
celebrated and reserved, and where the presence of
the Son of God our Savior is worshipped. The altar of
the New Covenant is the Lord's Cross, and the altar
is also the table of the Lord, inviting the people of
God. The tabernacle is situated in a most worthy
place with the greatest honor, and the dignity,
placing, and security of the Eucharist tavernacle
should foster adoration before the Lord is truly
present in the Blessed Sacramen. The sacred chrism
(myron) is traditionally reserved and venerated in a
secure place in the sanctuary, and the chair of the
bishop or priest should express his office of presiding
over the assembly and directing prayer. The church
has an eschatological significance, as it represents
the journey from the world wounded by sin to the
world of the Father's house. The church symbolizes
the journey from sin-wounded world to Father's
house, welcoming all God's children and ensuring a
clean and welcoming environment.
The Liturgical - Work of the Trinity
 In the liturgy, God the Father, Son and Holy Spirit
are the primary characters. Our role is to be ACTIVE
participants in what God does for us in the liturgy.
 In his book Fr. Mcbride’s College cathechism, the
author summarizes the work of the Trinity in the
liturgy in this way:
 The Father, the source and goal of the liturgy,
blesses us.
 The Son, at the heart of the liturgy, redeems us.
 The Spirit, the souldof the liturgy, sanctifies us.
The Father Blesses Us
 From the beginning of creation until the end of time,
God blesse us, i.e., he offers us a share in his life and
goodness.
 In the liturgy, God blesses us and we celebrate his
blessings and respond with thanks, singing: “Praise
God from whome all blessings flow.”
The Son Redeems Us
 JOHN 3:16 tells us that “God so loved the world that
he sent his only Son…”
 The Son is called the sacrament of God.
 Catholics view Jesus' passion, death, and
resurrection as the pinnacle saving event, predicting
the sacraments and the actions and words of Jesus.
 Through his DYING and RISING, Jesus destroyed
the power of sin, death and evil, and opened for us
the gates of heaven.
 God provides us with a constant opportunity to
experience His touch through our participation in the
sacraments, allowing us to nourish, heal, and sing
praises to Him.
The Spirit Sanctifies Us
 When speaking about the role of the Holy Spirit in the
liturgy, two Greek words re often used:
 Anamnesis
 And Epiclesis
 Anamnesis is a Greek word for remembering.
 The HOly Spirit is sometimes called the “memory of
the Church.” He helps her especially in the Liturgy of
the Word to remember God’s marvelous deeds on
our behalf.
 Epiclesis is a Greek word for “calling down upon.”
 During the epiclesis of the Mass (prior to the
consecration), the priest asks the Father to send
his Spirit upon the gifts of bread and wine to
“make them holy so that they may become the
body and blood of Christ.”
 As we enter into the prayer of the Mass, the Holy
Spirit is at work is us, sanctifying us and making us a
little bit more like Jesus.
Introduction to the Sacraments
 God provides us with a constant opportunity to
experience His touch through our participation in the
sacraments, allowing us to nourish, heal, and sing
praises to Him.
THE SEVEN SACRAMENTS
 Sacraments are efficacious signs of grace, instituted
by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which
divine life is dispensed to us.”
“Efficacious signs” of Grace
 Sacraments signifies Christ's work through special
signs, demonstrating his efficacy in baptizing and
 communicating grace through actions of Christ and
the Church, instituted by Christ.
“Entrusted to the Church”
 The Church makes the sacraments, just as the
scriptures are entrusted to it, overseeing their
celebration and making the Church.
Source of Divine Life
 When sacraments are validly celebrated God always
shows up offering is a share in his divine life.
Sacraments bear fruit in divine life, requiring faith to
be received with the required dispositions, even in
weaker times when faith may be lacking.
Purpose of the Sacraments
 The catechism (1123) states the threesold purpose of
the sacraments:
 To sanctify the recipent;
 To buil up the Church, the Body or Christ; and
 Togive worship to the Father.
THREE GROUPINGS
Sacraments of Initiation
 Baptism,
 Confirmation
 Eucharist
 Until all three saraments are received, one is not a
full member of the Church.
SACRAMENTS OF HEALING
 Reconciliation
 Anointing of the Sick
SACRAMENTS OF THE CHRISTIAN SERVICE
 Holy Orders
 Matrimony
MATTER AND FORM
 Matter
 What is perceptible to the sense it is either a
physical substance or a perceptible action.
 Form
 Refers to the words that are spoken in prayer of
the sacraments.
 Both matter and the form of the sacraments some
from Christ and the apostles; because of this divine
origin, the Church teaches that if either matter or form
is lacking there is no tru sacrament.
VALIDITY AND INVALIDITY
 To say a sacrament is valid is to say that is has truly
and really been brought about. Besides matter and
form, a valid sacrament needs two additional
elements:
 A validly ordrained minister
 Intent to do what the Church does when
administering a sacrament.
 When a sacrament is invalid, there is no real
sacrament.
Invalidity can be brought about in severa ways:
 Defect af form,
 Defect of matter,
 Lack of the properly ordrained minister,
 Or the lack of intent.
SACRAMENTALS
 The Mother Church instituted sacramentals, sacred
signs, to prepare us for life's challenges and sanctify
all aspects of life, resembling Christ's sacraments.
 Example of sacramentals:
 A person, meals, objects and places.
 Sacraments are a means of worship, wherein we can
experience God's divine life and worhsip in his spirit
and truth.
Jesus Christ: The Primordial Sacrament
 He is the Sacrament of God’s love to men and man’s
response to God.
 He is the origin and the primary agent of all the
Sacraments.
 He is the fullest expression of all the Sacraments.
 He is the central and decisive event in the whole
history of salvation.
 He is the realization of God’s plan of love, His
purpose of grace, in spite of sin, to call men to perfect
communion with Him.
 He become the sensibel, visible and public form of
God’s self-communication of love and grace.
 He is the sole source of grace and salvation.
 He is therefore the source, primary agent and goal of
all sacramental activities.
Christ As Primordial Sacrament Means That…
 The Sacraments arise from the Saving Ministry of
Christ.
 The Sacraments are continued in, by and for the
Church.
 The Sacraments form us in likeness to Christ in the
Paschal Mystery.
The Two Movements of the Sacraments
The Church: Christ;s Fundamental Sacrament
The Church is the:
 Fundamental
 Foundation
 Basic and
 Universal
Sacrament of Jesus.
 The Church is the Universal Sacrament of Salvation
by her relationship to the Unique and Sole Source of
Salvation, Jesus Christ.
 The Church is inspired and moved by the Holy Spirit
to do her part towards the full realization of the Plan
of God Who Has established Christ as the Source of
Salvation.