Organized

Grammar videos: The present simple
Remember to watch the video first! Then read the

conversation between Sophie and Niwat, a student she
met in Thailand. Sophie is helping Niwat understand the
present simple.
We use the present simple to talk about repeated actions or events, permanent states or things
which are always true. To find out more about the present simple, read the conversation below.
Can you give me some examples?
Niwat Yes, of course. We use the present simple to talk about things which are
repeated every day, every week, every year, etc.
I usually get up at 7 o'clock.
During the week I have swimming practice on Mondays, I do
taekwondo on Tuesdays and tennis on Thursdays.
We always go on holiday in the summer.
Sophie
I see. And you use words for explaining more about the time too.
Yes, we often use adverbs of frequency sometimes, often, usually or other

time expressions like on Mondays, twice a week or in the summer.
What about permanent states? What does that mean?
Permanent states are situations or feelings which are not temporary.

I like him a lot.
Sophie works as a travel writer.
They live in London.
We also use the present simple for general facts, for example when talking
about science or geography.
Thailand is really hot at this time of year.
Snakes live on the ground, in trees and in water.
So what do I need to know about forming the present simple?
The main thing is that the third person singular forms end in -s or -es. That's
for he, she or it.
He watches black and white films at his cinema club on Wednesdays.
He thinks chess is a sport!
OK, and the other forms don't end in -s or -es?

I watch TV a lot. We think Coldplay are boring.
Correct!
What about questions and negatives?
For most verbs we use the present simple of the verb do/does + subject +
infinitive without to to form questions.
Do you see him on Wednesdays then?
Does Jack like sports?
For negatives we use the subject + do/does + not + infinitive without to.
Daisy and Jack don't go out together much at the weekend.
I don't think Coldplay are boring.
To go back to the idea of permanent and temporary things, what about this
sentence: Is your mum in Thailand this week? Isn't that temporary?
Yes, it is. That's a very good point. Normally we use the present
simple for permanent states, and the present continuous for
temporary states, but some verbs are thought of as State Verbs
and they are not usually used in the continuous form.
And the verb to be is one of those verbs?

Exactly! So even though staying in Thailand is temporary, we use the present
simple with the verb to be. Here's another example:
How's Daisy? Is she with you?
But that isn't the question form you just told me about! Where's the do?
Ah, no. I said 'for most verbs we use do in questions'. The verb to
be is different and so are modal verbs like can. We'll look at the
verb to be separately because it's different and very common.
What are the other state verbs?
We'll look at those when we look at the

Present Continuous. Any more questions?
Yes, what about: The train leaves at 5 in the morning?

Isn't that talking about an event in the future?
Yes, it is, but it's also a repeated event. This is

sometimes called the 'timetable future'.
OK, I have a maths class in a minute, so I have to go.
Good use of the 'timetable future'!

Bye!
Watch the video on our website!

Grammar videos: The present simple - exercises
Watch the video and read the conversation between

Sophie and Niwat. Then do these exercises to check
your understanding of the present simple.
1. Check your grammar: true or false – the present simple

Circle True or False for these sentences about the present simple.
1. We use it for talking about permanent states or situations. True False
2. We use it for things happening at the moment. True False
3. We use it for general facts (e.g. scientific facts). True False
4. We use it for talking about timetables (e.g. bus or lesson timetables). True False
5. We use it for future plans. True False
6. We use it for routines (e.g. things we do every day or week). True False
7. We use it for talking about likes and dislikes. True False
8. We use it for giving opinions (e.g. with the verbs think / believe). True False
2. Check your grammar: multiple choice – the present simple

Circle the best word to complete these sentences.
1. Jack go / goes to a film club on Wednesdays.
2. I love / loves reading in my free time.
3. They don’t / doesn’t usually see each other during the week.
4. The train leave / leaves at 6.30.
5. Do / Does Ollie play chess?
6. Daisy like / likes most sports.

7. We always get up / gets up at 7 o’clock.
8. What do / does you think of their new album?
3. Check your grammar: gap fill – the present simple

Write the word in the correct form to fill the gaps.
1. Alfie ________________ in London. (live)
2. ________________ you go swimming a lot? (Do)
3. Sophie ________________ in Thailand today. (be)
4. We ________________ go to the same school. (do not)
5. I ________________ old black and white films. (hate)
6. She ________________ as a travel writer. (work)
7. My dad ________________ breakfast before us. (have)
8. They ________________ taekwondo on Tuesdays. (do)

Grammar videos: Adverbs of frequency

conversation between Sophie and Linnea, a student
Sophie met in Norway. Sophie’s helping Linnea
understand the different adverbs of frequency.
We use adverbs of frequency – like sometimes or usually – to say how often we do things, or how
often things happen.
I never have any problems with adverbs of frequency.
Linnea
OK, let's see what you know. We use adverbs of
frequency in this order, according to their meaning.
100% 0%
usually /
always often sometimes occasionally hardly ever never
normally Sophie
Are there any missing?
I think that’s most of them. You could include

frequently, with usually. We use not very often too.
Very good, you’re right. These are the most common adverbs, although
there are more.
They always hang out together.
The Northern Lights are usually green.
You normally see them best in September or March.
It’s often cloudy.
What do you notice about the position of the adverbs?
They are usually before the main verb, or between the auxiliary
and the main verb. But they come after the verb to be.
Excellent! Can they also be at the beginning or the end of the sentence?
Yes, I think so. ‘Sometimes I'm alone.’ That sounds OK.
Yes, we can use some adverbs of frequency at the beginning or end of a

sentence for emphasis.
Occasionally I meet her for a coffee.
We can use usually, often, sometimes and occasionally at the beginning of
a sentence, and sometimes and often at the end. We use adverb
expressions like a lot or not + (very) much after the main verb too.
She travels a lot.
He doesn’t study very much.
Be careful with never. It is already negative, so we can’t use it with not.
I never go to the supermarket with my mother.
I’ve just remembered some more expressions!

What about once a week, twice a year, etc.?
Oh yes, I’d forgotten about those.

Take the medicine three times a day.
We usually go swimming twice a month.
You see them once in a lifetime, if you travel.
You see, I’m not always annoying.
OK, sorry. I’m not always right either. Usually, but not always!

Grammar videos: Adverbs of frequency – exercises
Watch the video and read the conversation

between Sophie and Linnea. Then do these
exercises to check your understanding of
adverbs of frequency.
1. Check your grammar: grouping – adverbs of frequency

Write the words and phrases in the correct group.
occasionally hardly ever seldom once a month never
every Wednesday sometimes quite often on Mondays three times a week
Before the main verb At the end of the clause

e.g. I _________ go swimming. e.g. I go swimming _________.
2. Check your grammar: reordering – adverbs of frequency

Write a number 1–3 to put these sentences in order of frequency (least frequent = 1 and most frequent = 3).
1. ……. He usually goes bowling on Saturdays.

……. He occasionally goes bowling.
……. He never goes bowling.
2. ……. I only see him once a month.

……. We see each other every weekend.
……. We hardly ever see each other.
3. ……. Occasionally we watch TV together.
……. We like watching TV together every evening.
……. We watch TV together on Thursdays.
3. Check your grammar: reordering – adverbs of frequency

Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.
1. always | hand in | I | on time. | my homework
…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..
2. her birthday | celebrates | twice a year. | The Queen
…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..
3. in the evening. | play | We | computer games
…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..
4. You | your future. | about | hardly ever | think
…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..
5. never | seen | I have | her before.
…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..
6. use | most afternoons. | the school library | I
…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..
7. go | My parents | about once a year. | to the cinema
…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..
8. black in summer. | normally | wear | I | don’t
…………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..
Discussion
What are your hobbies? How often do you do them?

Vocabulary: Daily routine
Do these exercises to help you learn words to talk about what you do every day.
1. Check your vocabulary: picture matching

Write the correct verb phrase in the box below the picture.
go to bed do homework get up have breakfast have lunch have dinner
brush your teeth wake up have a shower go to work go home go to school

2. Check your vocabulary: matching

Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write a–j next to the numbers 1–10.
1…….. You do this after a long day and just before you fall asleep. a. have dinner
2…….. You do this when your alarm clock goes off in the morning. b. go to school
You do this in the morning because it is the most important meal

3…….. c. have a shower
of the day.
4…….. You do this at the dinner table with your family. d. go to bed
5…….. You do this to make your body and hair clean. e. go home
6…….. You do this after you wake up. f. wake up
7…….. You do this so you can meet your friends and learn new things. g. have breakfast
8…….. You do this to learn after school. h. brush your teeth
9…….. Your dentist will be pleased if you do this twice a day. i. get up
You do this in the afternoon when your classes at school have

10…… j. do homework
finished.
3. Check your vocabulary: gap fill

Write the best word to complete the sentences.
1. I usually _______________ up at 6.00 a.m. when my alarm clock goes off.
2. I _______________ lunch in the school canteen at 1 p.m.
3. In my family we usually _______________ dinner at about 6 p.m.
4. My school finishes at 3 p.m. and then I _______________ home by bus.
5. On the weekends, I _______________ to bed later than on weekdays.
6. My alarm clock goes off at 8 a.m. on Sunday but I don't _______________ up until 8.30 a.m.
7. I always _______________ my teeth before I go to bed.
8. On weekdays, I _______________ to school with my friends at 9.00 a.m.

4. Check your vocabulary: reordering

Write a number (1–9) to put these actions in the order of a normal day.
…………. have breakfast
…………. get up
…………. wake up
…………. have lunch
…………. go home
…………. go to school
…………. go to bed
…………. do homework
…………. have dinner
Discussion
What time do you wake up on school days?

Grammar videos: Have to, must and should for obligation and advice

conversation between Sophie and Jun, a student who
Sophie met on her travels. Sophie is helping Jun
understand have to, must and should.
We use have to / must / should + infinitive to talk about obligation, things that are
necessary to do, or to give advice about things that are a good idea to do.
Must and have to are both used for obligation and are often quite similar.
They are both followed by the infinitive.
I must go now. / I have to go now.
Are these exactly the same?

Sophie
Jun Well, almost. We often use must for more personal opinions about what it is
necessary to do, and have to for what somebody in authority has said it is
necessary to do.
I must remember to get a present for Daisy. (my opinion)

You have to look after their hair regularly. (dog experts say so)
Do you have to wear a tie for school? (asking about school rules)
Which verb do people use more?
Have to is more frequent in conversation; must is used more in formal

writing, for example in written notices.
Passengers must fasten their seat-belts.
Do they change in form for I, you, he, she, etc.?
Have changes in the third person singular (he/she/it has); but must doesn’t
change. It’s a modal verb and modals don’t change.
I think I’ve heard have got to. Is that correct?
Yes, we use both have got to, for obligation, and had better, for advice, a lot
in speaking.
You’ve got to be careful with a cat.

You’d better get something a bit quieter.
I’d better go – I mustn’t miss the helicopter!
So they’re not used in formal writing?
No. There’s something very important about must and have to. The positive
forms are very similar in meaning, but the negative forms are completely
different.
You mustn’t forget …

(don’t forget – you have no choice)
If you don’t like him, you don’t have to see him again.
(there is no obligation to see him again, but you have a choice)
Umm, I’m still a bit confused …
Here’s an example you can remember:
In a non-smoking area you mustn’t smoke, but in a smoking area you

don’t have to smoke but you can if you want to.
Ah! Right, I mustn’t forget that.
No, you mustn’t! OK, let’s look at advice, telling people what you think is a
good idea. We use should for advice, or making suggestions, and must for
strong advice.
You must go for a walk with the dog at least once a day.
Maybe you should go for a coffee or lunch and see how you feel?
You shouldn’t leave it on the street.
I think I’ve heard people use should in other ways, like ‘he should be here in a
minute’ – that’s not advice, is it?
No, that’s talking about what is likely or probable. We’ll look at that use
another day. We use modal verbs in different ways.
I see. So I should think about one use at a time.
Yes, exactly. You mustn’t get confused by too many uses at once.

Grammar videos: Have to, must and should for obligation and advice – exercises
Watch the video on our website and read the

conversation between Sophie and Yu Quan. Then
do these exercises to check your understanding of
must, have to and should.
1. Check your grammar: grouping – have to, must and should

Put the phrases in the correct groups.
drive on the right side of the road

call the emergency services if you arrive at the airport early in case
in the UK – everyone drives on
just have a cold. there are delays.
the left!
be seventeen to drive a car in the complete a lot of exams, study always get enough sleep before
UK. and training to be a doctor. driving a car.
use your mobile phone during an rest and drink lots of liquids if you show your passport or identity
exam. have a cold. card to get on a plane.
You have to … You mustn’t … You should …
2. Check your grammar: error correction – have to, must and should
Correct the mistakes and write these sentences on the line below.
1. You must to see the Chrysler Building when you're in New York.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Do I should call him?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. You haven't to wear uniform in the sixth form.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. We don't must make any noise; my grandfather's sleeping.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. You really should to go and see a doctor about that.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. He doesn't should talk to people like that.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Why we always have to come to the same café?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. Must you to make that terrible noise all the time?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Check your grammar: word 2 word – have to, must and should
Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.
1. You anyone tell mustn’t !
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. have We early be there to
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. call remember I Dad to must
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. don’t to pay have You
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. fruit ! salad should try this You
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. class You late mustn’t for be
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. trainers get new should some You
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. to You eat don’t all have it
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. it shouldn’t about worry He
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Vocabulary: Weather
Do these exercises to help you learn words for talking about the weather.

Write the correct word in the box below the picture.
rain warm cold cloud storm snow
wet hot sun fog dry wind

Vocabulary: Weather

Write a word to complete the sentences.
1. If the temperature is low, it is _______________.
2. The big, yellow, hot thing in the sky is the _______________.
3. Quite hot, but not too hot, is _______________.
4. A white or grey shape in the sky is a _______________.
5. Water from the sky is called _______________.
6. Water vapour in the air near the ground is called _______________.
7. When it rains, everything is _______________.
8. A _______________ is bad weather for boats, with thunder and lightning.
9. _______________ is moving air. It makes trees and things move.
10. If there is no rain, the ground is _______________.
Discussion
What's your favourite type of weather? What type of weather do you hate?
99214_1405070463 18/10/05 8:05 pm Page 38
15 Questions 1: yes/no questions
Business Week Executive Poll A Yes/no questions

Questions: Do you expect that ● The table below is a summary. (Full forms are given in earlier units.)
your sales next quarter will be
higher, lower, or the same as present simple Do you live in Prague? Does she live in Prague?
this quarter? Are you currently
employing more, fewer, or the present continuous Are you coming with us? Is he coming with us?
same number of people you
past simple Did you go to the meeting? Did she go to the meeting?
employed a year ago? Have
you tried to get financing from past continuous Were you waiting long? Was he waiting long?
banks or other sources in the
last six months? Did you get all present perfect Have you ever eaten sushi? Has he ever eaten sushi?
the financing you needed? Does present perfect continuous Have you been working? Has she been working?
your company export goods or
services to any other country? past perfect Had you left when I called? Had she left when I called?
Business Week website modals: can/could/will Can you speak German? Can he speak German?
● Notice that yes/no questions are formed with an auxiliary verb + subject + main verb.
The auxiliary can be do, be, have or a modal verb like can, will, etc.
● Notice that to make a question we take the affirmative form and then
invert the subject and the auxiliary.
He is working ➝ Is he working?
She has worked ➝ Has she worked?
He was working ➝ Was he working?
She has been working ➝ Has she been working?
He had worked ➝ Had he worked?
She can work ➝ Can she work?
● The present simple and past simple do not
have an auxiliary in the affirmative form.
So to keep the pattern we use do and did.
“Oh, by the way, do you have any money? Will you send me any money?
Do you know anyone who has any money? Will they send me any money?” She works ➝ Does she work? (NOT Works she?)
He worked ➝ Did he work? (NOT Worked he?)
So you want to start a business. B Short answers

Do you have what it takes to ● To make a short answer we repeat the auxiliary verb, not the main verb.
succeed? (Part 1)
1 Do you enjoy working with
A: Do you speak French? B: Yes, I do./No, I don’t. (NOT Yes, I speak.)
other people? A: Are you staying at the Ritz? B: Yes, I am./No, I’m not. (NOT Yes, I staying.)
A Yes, I do. B No, I don’t. A: Did you see Michel? B: Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. (NOT Yes, I saw.)
2 Do you welcome A: Were you enjoying yourself? B: Yes, I was./No, I wasn’t.
responsibility? A: Have you read this report? B: Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
A Yes, I do. B No, I don’t
A: Have you been waiting long? B: Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
3 Are you a good organizer?
A: Had you met him before? B: Yes, I had./No, I hadn’t.
A Yes, I am B No, I’m not.
A: Can you be here at 7.00? B: Yes, I can./No, I can’t.
Asian Women in Business
website
A: Will you be late? B: Yes, I will./No, I won’t.
38
99214_1405070463 18/10/05 8:05 pm Page 39
15 QUESTIONS 1: YES/NO QUESTIONS
Exercises
15.1 Change each affirmative sentence into a question.
1 Bill thinks it’s a good idea. Does Bill think it’s a good idea?
____________________________________________
2 Sonia is arriving on Monday. ____________________________________________
3 He made a copy of the Excel file. ____________________________________________
4 They’ve offered her the job. ____________________________________________
5 She’ll be at the meeting tomorrow. ____________________________________________
15.2 Read the replies, then complete the questions about the operating system Linux.
Were you reading about IBM?
1 A: ___________________________________ B: IBM? No, I was reading about Linux.
2 A: ___________________________________ B: Linux? No, most servers use Windows.
3 A: ___________________________________ B: Falling? No, the popularity of Linux is growing.
4 A: ___________________________________ B: The eighties? No, Linux started in 1991.
5 A: ___________________________________ B: On our computers? No, we haven’t installed it.
6 A: ___________________________________ B: A lot of money? No, the inventor hasn’t been
making a lot. The software is free!
15.3 Write a short reply for each question, beginning as shown.

1 Did you speak to Kate? Yes, ________________
I did.
2 Have you been to Brazil? No, ________________
3 Do you play golf? Yes, ________________
4 Does Bill play golf? No, ________________
5 Did you have a good trip? Yes, ________________
6 Can you speak German? No, ________________
7 Are you coming with us? Yes, ________________
8 Is Maria coming with us? No, ________________
19 15.4 Complete the dialogue with these words: are, do, does, did, has, have, is.
MIKE: (1) ____________ you go to the training day they told us about at the last meeting?
SUE: (2) ____________ you talking about the computer training?
MIKE: No, not the computer training, I meant the sales training.
SUE: Oh yes, I went to that. It was quite good. (3) ____________ you ever been on that course?
MIKE: No, I haven’t.
SUE: Well I found it very useful. It helps you to think about the type of questions we ask our
clients during a sales conversation.
MIKE: When you go on these courses (4) ____________ the company pay or (5) ____________ you
pay yourself? I know that good training isn’t cheap.
SUE: Oh, the company pays – they can afford it. It doesn’t cost us anything.
MIKE: And (6) ____________ it helped you in your day-to-day work? Be honest now.
SUE: Yes, I think it has.
MIKE: OK. I’m interested. (7) ____________ the course running again in the near future?
39
wh-words
■ Use a wh-word to ask a question.
Wh-word Meaning
What object or name
Who person
Where place
When time
Why reason
www.lingoda.com 4
wh-words
■ Use a wh-word to ask a question.
Wh-word Question
What What is your name?
Who Who is your mother?
Where Where are you from?
When When is your birthday?
Why Why are you studying English?
www.lingoda.com 5
Living in English Family
ESL Lesson Plans from ESL-Library.com
Family
Copyright 2007. This e-book is produced and distributed by Red River Press Inc. All rights reserved. The contents within this e-book/document may only be
photocopied by members of ESL-Library.com, in accordance with membership terms and conditions. (Contact info@esl-library.com for complete details.)
1
Lesson Plan Index
p3 – Family tree handout for students

p4 - Vocabulary Development - Family Relationships
p5 - Conversation Practice - Family Survey
p6 - Vocabulary Review - Family Relationships
p7 - Pair Work Info Gap - Family Tree
p8 - Vocabulary Development (Idioms and expressions)
p9 - Reading and Discussion - Family Makeup
p10 - Idioms, Expressions, and New Vocabulary
p11 - Group Interaction - Find Someone who...
p12 – Teacher’s notes
2
Jon Frost Vinnie Frost
Me
Sara (Irving) Frost Doug Frost Ann (Frost) Bayes Dave Bayes Suzy Bayes
Mel Frost Ann (Pitt) Bayes Bill Bayes Ruth (Bayes) Mann Ben Mann Amy (Bayes) Reid Andy Reid
Mark Bayes Jenny Mann Brandy Reid Jason Reid
Amy Read’s Family and Relatives:
1. grandfather 2. grandmother 3. uncle

4. mother 5. father 6. aunt
7. cousin 8. sister-in-law 9. brother
10. sister 11. brother-in-law 12 husband
13. nephew 14. niece 15. daughter
16. son
3
Family Relationships
male relatives female relatives either sex
father mother parent

grandfather grandmother grandparent
husband wife spouse
son daughter child
brother sister only child
uncle aunt sibling
great-grandfather great-grandmother
________________________ ________________________ ________________________
grandson granddaughter great-grandparent
nephew niece cousin
son-in-law daughter-in-law grandchild
father-in-law mother-in-law
step father step mother ________________________
step son step daughter in-laws
half-brother half-sister step child
adopted son adopted daughter adopted child
foster son foster daughter foster child
godson goddaughter godchild
marital status additional vocabulary
married relatives
single, unmarried, a bachelor (male) immediate
a widow (female), a widower (male) family
engaged extended family
separated ancestors
divorced descendants
orphan
twins
triplets
maternal
paternal
4
Conversation Practice - Family Survey

Directions: Ask your classmates questions about their families and complete the
chart below. Ex. Are you married? Do you have children? How many children
do you have? Do you have siblings? Are they older or younger than you? Are
your maternal grandparents living? How many nieces and nephews do you
have? etc.
Name Classmate #1 Classmate #2 Classmate #3

Spouse
Children
Siblings
Nieces / Nephews
Cousins
Aunts / Uncles
In-laws
Maternal Grandparents
Paternal Grandparents
Which member of your group has the largest extended family? _____________________
5
Vocabulary Review – The Family

Directions: Complete the following sentences using your list of family vocabu-
lary.
1. Your brother or sister is your ________________________________.

2. Your mother and father are your _____________________________.
3. Your mother’s sister is your _____________________________.
4. Your daughter’s husband is your _________________________.
5. Your sister’s son is your ____________________________.
6. Your brother’s wife is your __________________________.
7. Your sister’s daughter is your _________________________.
8. Your father’s brother is your __________________________.
9. Your aunt’s or uncle’s children are your _______________________.
10. Your father, mother, sister and brother are your ____________________________.
11. Your husband’s mother is your _________________________.
12. Your daughter’s son is your _________________________.
13. A person who has no brothers or sisters is called an ________________________.
14. Your mother’s new husband (not your father) is your ______________________.
15. A child whose mother and father are dead is an ______________________.
16. An unmarried man is called ____________________ or a _____________________.
17. A woman whose husband has died is a _________________________.
18. Your mother’s parents are your ____________________ grandparents.
19. Your father’s parents are your _____________________ grandparents.
20. A child who you have legal custody of, but is not your biological child, is
your ____________________ child.
6
Pair Work – Information Sharing – Student A

Alfred Baker’s Family Tree
You and your partner both have some information about Alfred Baker’s family.
Share the information and try to complete the family tree below.
1. Doris is Alfred’s wife.

2. Rachel is Doris’s daughter.
3. Bobby isn’t married.
4. Judy has two children.
5. Bill is Rachel’s husband.
6. Mary is Andrew’s sister.
7
Pair Work – Information Sharing – Student B

Alfred Baker’s Family Tree
You and your partner both have some information about Alfred Baker’s family.
Share the information and try to complete the family tree below.
1. Alfred is a grandfather.
2. Bobby is Alfred’s son.
3. Judy is Rachel’s sister.
4. Rachel has no children.
5. Rachel’s sister is married to David.
6. Doris’s granddaughter is Mary.
8
Reading and Discussion

It is difficult to describe a typical family nowadays. Depending on the country and the cul-
ture, families can range from a large extended group of relatives living together in one home
to a single parent family with only one child. While large extended families were once com-
mon in North America and many western countries, nowadays, it is unusual for grandparents,
uncles, aunts, and cousins to all live together in one home.
In Canada and United States, children are encouraged to be independent. Many young
adults live by themselves or with roommates while going to university and most move out
of the family home permanently when they have completed their education. They choose
their own careers and their own spouses. Arranged marriages are not part of the western
culture. Most young married couples choose to live apart from their parents and many even
end up living in different cities.
Western society also emphasizes the independence of the elderly. When senior citizens be-
come too old to live independently, they often move into special care facilities or nursing
homes. People from other cultures may find this aspect of western society very strange be-
cause in their cultures they are used to caring for their elderly parents in their own homes.
Another major change in the structure of the family results from the increase in divorce and
remarriage in our modern society. Nowadays, blended families are becoming more and
more common. Many households now include stepparents, stepbrothers and sisters, and
half-brothers and sisters. The number of single parent homes is also increasing rapidly.
Questions For Discussion

1. How is family life here different from family life in your country?
2. At what age do children usually leave home?
3. Do young adults often live with roommates when they leave home?
4. Do married couples often live with their parents?
5. Are arranged marriages common in your country?
6. Are there many single parent families in your country?
7. What is the rate of divorce in your country?
8. If parents are divorced in your country, who usually gets custody of the children?
9. Do you think joint custody is a good idea?
10. Who looks after elderly parents in your country?
11. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a multi-generational family?
12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being an only child?
13. Do grandparents play an important role in raising grandchildren in your country?
14. Do most married women work outside the home in your country?
15. In your country, do husbands help with the housework and care of the children?
9
Language – Vocabulary, Idioms and Expressions
1. infant – a baby, a young child during the first year of life
2. toddler – a young child between about one and three who has learned to
walk but is not yet very steady on his/her feet
3. adolescent – someone between about 12 or 13 and 18; teenager; someone

between childhood and adulthood
4. peer – someone of the same age group or social status
5. senior citizen – an elderly person; usually refers to someone over 65
6. baby of the family – the youngest child in a family
7. baby boom – population explosion which took place after World War II
8. baby boomer – a person born between about 1946 –1960
9. generation gap – the differences in values, beliefs, and attitudes between

different generations – ex. between parents and children
10. sandwich generation – the people who are at the age when they have to
look after their children and their elderly parents at the same time
11. to be named after – to be given the same first name as someone, usually a
family member
12. to take after – to be similar to an older member of your family in physical ap-
pearance, or personality, or natural talent
10
E43
GrammarNet.com
Gramática da Língua Inglesa Wh-Question Words
Complete the questions with what, when, who, why, which, whose, where, how,
how much, how many, or how often.
Example:
What is your name? Peter.
1. ………………… book is it? It’s hers.

2. ………………… is your birthday? On October 1st.
3. ………………… would you like? A sandwich and an orange juice, please.
4. ………………… is he talking to? To my sister.
5. ………………… are things going? Fine, thanks.
6. ………………… children have you got? Two. A boy and a girl.
7. ………………… are you going for your holidays? To Egypt.
8. ………………… is this pen? It’s John’s.
9. ………………… is in love with Mary? John is.
10. ………………… bread is there? There are two loaves.
11. ………………… aren’t you coming to the cinema with us? I have to study.
12. ………………… is the weather like? It’s terribly hot.
13. ………………… is this? It’s mine.
14. ………………… do you go to the cinema? Two or three times a month.
15. ………………… coat is yours? The brown one.
16. ………………… apples are there? There are a lot.
17. ………………… have you got in the bag? Some apples.
18. ………………… do you spell children? C-H-I-L-D-R-E-N.
19. ………………… do they live? They live in London.
20. ………………… money do you need? Five euros, please.
21. ………………… is the test? Next week.
22. ………………… is Susan crying? Her boyfriend left her.
23. ………………… is your favourite subject? Physics or maths? Physics.
24. ………………… do you watch television? Almost every day.
25. ………………… are they here? They want to speak to you.
25
© E.S.Ping 2003-2022 1 of 2 eexe43.pdf

Grammar videos: The present continuous
Remember to watch the video on our website first!

Then read the conversation between Sophie and Hadiyah, a
university student she met on her trip to Egypt. Hadiyah is
studying English and Sophie is explaining some grammar.
We use the present continuous (am/is/are + -ing) to talk about temporary things which
have begun but haven't finished. They are often happening now, at this moment.
Here are some examples of things happening now.

I'm just uploading some photos to Facebook and I'm sending a
message to Billie.
We're all riding camels and the sun's shining.
They're waiting for me to get off the phone!
I'm not sure what 'temporary' means. Can I say 'I'm learning to drive', even if I'm Sophie
not having a driving lesson right now?
Hadiyah
Yes, absolutely! You might not be having a driving lesson right at this
moment, but it is temporary, so that's correct. We use the present continuous
for longer situations like this too.
OK, I see what you mean. So that’s for things happening now, or round about
now. What about the future? Can I use the present continuous for the future?
Yes, I’m glad you asked me that. We use the present continuous for future
arrangements with other people.
At eight I’m meeting Lucas, just for a quick coffee.
What about questions and negatives?
For questions you just change the subject and the verb to be. So, You are >
Are you, then add the –ing form. Sometimes you need a question word first.
Are you working hard for the exam?
What are you doing?
Is anybody sitting here?
For negatives you add not after the verb to be. Don't forget to use a
contraction if you're speaking.
You're not really studying at all, are you? (or You aren't really studying…)
They aren't using the computer room at the moment.
This program isn't working.
That's fine, but I suppose there are some spelling rules for –ing forms?
Yes, you're right. If a verb ends in e, you take off the e and add –ing.
have - having ride - riding
If a verb ends in a vowel + a consonant, the consonant is usually doubled
before you add –ing.
swim - swimming run - running
But be careful with verbs with more than two syllables where the stress isn't
on the last syllable. With those you don't double the consonant.
visit - visiting open - opening
OK, but what about two-syllable verbs where the stress is on the last syllable, like
begin?
If the stress is on the last syllable, you do double the final consonant.
begin - beginning
Right, the present continuous seems quite easy to me. I'm understanding it
perfectly!
Whoops! Sorry, you can't say 'I'm understanding it'.
Why not? I'm talking about something happening right now.
Yes, but there is a group of verbs which are called state verbs which we use
for states (not actions) and we don't usually use these in the continuous form.
want - need - like - love - hate - prefer - believe - think - know - realise -
understand - recognise - suppose - be - exist - appear - look - seem - belong
- have (for possession) - own - feel - smell - taste
So these are verbs for talking about emotions, thinking, existing, appearing,
possession and the senses.
Yes, excellent.
But wait a minute. What about, 'I'm thinking of coming with you tomorrow.' Or, 'I'm
thinking about my boyfriend.'
Yes, they are correct. But the meaning of think there is 'having thoughts in
your mind' or 'considering'. It's not the same as 'having an opinion' about
something.
I think that song's brilliant. (opinion)
She's thinking about studying archaeology. (considering / wondering
about)
OK, so there are some exceptions. Like, 'I'm loving it.'
No, sorry, that's not an exception, that's wrong!
It can’t be wrong!
Well, OK, maybe it's a new usage. English does change. But don't use it in
exams!

Grammar videos: The present continuous – exercises

conversation between Sophie and Hadiyah. Then do
these exercises to check your understanding of the
present continuous.
1. Check your grammar: true or false – present continuous

Are these sentences True or False?
1. We use the present continuous for permanent states or situations. True False
2. We use the present continuous for temporary situations. True False
3. We often use the present continuous for things happening right now. True False
4. We can use the present continuous for future arrangements. True False
5. We can use the present continuous with all verbs. True False
6. Some verbs – for talking about emotions, thinking, the senses, etc. –
True False
cannot be used in the continuous form.
7. Sometimes the spelling of the infinitive form changes when we add -ing. True False
2. Check your grammar: gap fill – present continuous

Write the words to fill the gaps. Put the verb in the present continuous tense.
1. I’m really busy – I _______________________ (study) for the exam.
2. Right now we _______________________ (ride) camels!
3. They said they _______________________ (have) a great time.
4. Daisy _______________________ (download) an album.
5. What _______________________ (you do) at the moment?
6. They _______________________ (wait) for me in the café.
7. _______________________ (Oliver work) hard?
8. The weather’s terrible, so we _______________________ (not go) walking much.

3. Check your grammar: multiple choice – present continuous
Circle the correct sentence.
1. a. The TV no is working.
b. The TV is not working.
c. The TV is not works.
2. a. She sending a message to Billie.

b. She is send a message to Billie.
c. She is sending a message to Billie.
3. a. Come on, the film’s starting.

b. Come on, the film’s start.
c. Come on, the film is start.
4. a. She’s knowing Alfie very well.

b. She knows Alfie very well.
c. She knowing Alfie very well.
5. a. You going to Chinese classes?

b. Are you going to Chinese classes?
c. Do you going to Chinese classes?
6. a. He going to buy some milk.

b. He is go to buy some milk.
c. He’s going to buy some milk.
7. a. The price of food goes up at the moment.

b. The price of food is going up at the moment.
c. The price of food going up at the moment.
8. a. What are you doing?

b. What are you do?
c. What do you doing?
Discussion
Are you good at doing lots of things at the same time?

What are you doing now, apart from practising your English?
Vocabulary: Actions
Do these exercises to help you learn different actions.

Write the correct word in the box below the picture.
listen speak cry touch read sleep
write smile draw eat look type

Vocabulary: Actions

Write a word or words to complete the sentences.
1. We _______________ on paper when we send a letter to somebody.
2. We _______________ when we want to make a pretty picture on paper.
3. We _______________ when we are feeling really sad.
4. When we want to talk to somebody, we _______________ to them.
5. We _______________ when we are feeling tired.
6. When we want to feel something with our hands, we _______________ it.
7. We _______________ when we are really happy.
8. We _______________ on a keyboard when we send an email.
9. We _______________ three times a day when we feel hungry.
10. When we want to hear something, we _______________.
Discussion
How many of these actions can you do at the same time?

Grammar videos: The past simple – regular verbs

conversation between Sophie and Jun, a student Sophie
met on her travels. Sophie is helping Jun understand the
past simple.
The past simple is the most common way of talking about past events or states which have
finished. It is often used with past time references (e.g. yesterday, two years ago).
Please explain past events or states!
Jun A past event could be one thing that happened in the past, or a repeated
thing.
I stopped at a zebra crossing.
We carried on with the test.
We played tennis every day in August.
A state is a situation without an action happening.
We stayed at my grandparents' house last summer. Sophie
How do you form the past simple?
Regular past simple forms are formed by adding -ed to the infinitive of the
verb.
start → started
kill → killed
jump → jumped
That seems easy!
Yes, but there are some spelling rules. If a verb ends in -e, you add -d.
agree → agreed
like → liked
escape → escaped
If a verb ends in a vowel and a consonant, the consonant is usually doubled
before -ed.
stop → stopped
plan → planned
If a verb ends in consonant and -y, you take off the y and add -ied.
try → tried
carry → carried
But if the word ends in a vowel and -y, you add -ed.
play → played
enjoy → enjoyed
OK, not quite so easy! But the past simple form doesn't
change at all for I, you, he, she, we and they, does it?
No, the form doesn't change. See, it is easy!
What about the pronunciation of the -ed ending?
There are three kinds of pronunciation: /d/, /t/ and /ɪd/. Look at the table below.
/d/ /t/ /ɪd/

arrived asked wanted
failed crossed decided
agreed stopped started
Aaagh! How do I know how to pronounce each one?
Good question. Well, really all you need to know is that /d/ is easier to say
after arrive, and /t/ is easier to say after ask. For /ɪd/, the infinitive ends in a
/d/ or a /t/ sound already so you must add an extra syllable for these verbs.
All right, that makes sense, but how do you form questions and negatives?
With the verb did (do in the past) + the infinitive.

Did you pass?
You didn't fail, did you?
Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Right, thanks, I've got it now!
Good. But you also need to learn the irregular past simple forms.
You mean there are verbs that don't end in -ed in the past?
Yes, they don't all end in -ed. Have a look at the past simple irregular verbs
too.

Grammar videos: The past simple – regular verbs – exercises

conversation between Sophie and Yu Quan. Then do
these exercises to check your understanding of past
simple regular verbs.
1. Check your grammar: true or false – past simple regular verbs

Are these sentences True or False?
1. We use the past simple for things in the past which have finished. True False
2. We use the past simple for things that are happening now. True False
3. We use the past simple for single events or situations in the past. True False
4. We use the past simple for repeated events in the past. True False
5. We only use the past simple for things a long way back in the past. True False
We use the past simple for things a long way back in the past and things in
6. True False
the recent past.
We use the auxiliary did or didn’t to form questions and negatives in the past
7. True False
simple.
8. We use the auxiliary have to form questions and negatives in the past simple. True False
2. Check your grammar: gap fill – past simple regular verbs

Put the verb in the past simple tense to fill the gaps.
1. The cat _______________ (escape) from the garden.
2. They _______________ (agree) with me about the album.
3. He _______________ (try) to start the car.
4. We _______________ (enjoy) the funfair a lot.
5. Tell me, what _______________ (happen)?

6. She _______________ (stop) at a zebra crossing.
7. I _______________ (carry on) working until late.
8. Alfie _______________ (fail) his driving test again.
3. Check your grammar: multiple choice – past simple regular verbs

Circle the correct sentence, a or b.
1. a. Did he talked to you? b. Did he talk to you?
2. a. They no liked the film. b. They didn’t like the film.
3. a. We planed to go on a trip round the US. b. We planned to go on a trip round the US.
4. a. I tryed to help her. b. I tried to help her.
5. a. The door opened and we went in. b. The door openned and we went in.
6. a. Played you tennis last year? b. Did you play tennis last year?
7. a. We decideed to go home. b. We decided to go home.
8. a. They stopped working and went for lunch. b. They stoped working and went for lunch.
Discussion
Did you like this grammar snack?

What did you do yesterday?
Vocabulary: Christmas
Do these exercises to help you learn words to talk about Christmas.

Write the correct words in the boxes below the pictures.
present Santa snowman sleigh stocking reindeer
cracker Christmas tree mince pie tinsel Christmas pudding holly

Vocabulary: Christmas

Write a word or words to complete the sentences.
1. A _______________ is made of snow and sometimes has a carrot for a nose.
2. The form of transport that Santa uses is called a _______________.
3. _______________ is a long and colourful decoration found on a Christmas tree.
4. Santa has eight _______________ to help pull his sleigh.
5. When two people pull a _______________, it makes a loud bang.
6. The large sock in which you can find your presents is called a _______________.
7. People use green leaves called _______________ as decorations at Christmas time.
8. _______________ is the old man with a white beard who has lots of presents to give away.
Discussion
Does your family celebrate Christmas? What do you usually do on Christmas Day?

Organized

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Organized

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Grammar videos: The present simple

Remember to watch the video first! Then read the

Can you give me some examples?

Yes, we often use adverbs of frequency sometimes, often, usually or other

What about permanent states? What does that mean?

Permanent states are situations or feelings which are not temporary.

OK, and the other forms don't end in -s or -es?

What about questions and negatives?

And the verb to be is one of those verbs?

What are the other state verbs?

We'll look at those when we look at the

Yes, what about: The train leaves at 5 in the morning?

Yes, it is, but it's also a repeated event. This is

OK, I have a maths class in a minute, so I have to go.

Good use of the 'timetable future'!

Watch the video on our website!

Watch the video and read the conversation between

1. Check your grammar: true or false – the present simple

1. We use it for talking about permanent states or situations. True False

2. We use it for things happening at the moment. True False

3. We use it for general facts (e.g. scientific facts). True False

5. We use it for future plans. True False

7. We use it for talking about likes and dislikes. True False

2. Check your grammar: multiple choice – the present simple

1. Jack go / goes to a film club on Wednesdays.

2. I love / loves reading in my free time.

4. The train leave / leaves at 6.30.

5. Do / Does Ollie play chess?

6. Daisy like / likes most sports.

8. What do / does you think of their new album?

3. Check your grammar: gap fill – the present simple

1. Alfie ________________ in London. (live)

2. ________________ you go swimming a lot? (Do)

3. Sophie ________________ in Thailand today. (be)

4. We ________________ go to the same school. (do not)

5. I ________________ old black and white films. (hate)

6. She ________________ as a travel writer. (work)

7. My dad ________________ breakfast before us. (have)

8. They ________________ taekwondo on Tuesdays. (do)

Remember to watch the video first! Then read the

I never have any problems with adverbs of frequency.

Are there any missing?

I think that’s most of them. You could include

Yes, I think so. ‘Sometimes I'm alone.’ That sounds OK.

Yes, we can use some adverbs of frequency at the beginning or end of a

I’ve just remembered some more expressions!

Oh yes, I’d forgotten about those.

You see, I’m not always annoying.

Watch the video on our website!

Watch the video and read the conversation

1. Check your grammar: grouping – adverbs of frequency

occasionally hardly ever seldom once a month never

every Wednesday sometimes quite often on Mondays three times a week

Before the main verb At the end of the clause

2. Check your grammar: reordering – adverbs of frequency

1. ……. He usually goes bowling on Saturdays.

2. ……. I only see him once a month.

3. Check your grammar: reordering – adverbs of frequency

1. always | hand in | I | on time. | my homework

What are your hobbies? How often do you do them?

1. Check your vocabulary: picture matching

go to bed do homework get up have breakfast have lunch have dinner

brush your teeth wake up have a shower go to work go home go to school