Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Developmental Psychology Chapter 2
Developmental Psychology Chapter 2
Developmental Psychology Chapter 2
John Locke
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
• Each stage requires balancing positive and • Extinguished – behaviour returns to its
negative tendency. original level when a response is no longer
reinforced.
• Major psychosocial challenge that is
particularly important at that time and will
remain an issue to some degree throughout
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
the rest of life.
• Reciprocal Determinism – behaviourist sees
• SOCIAL CLOCK – conventional, culturally
environment as the chief impetus for
preferred timing of important life events.
development and Bandura suggested that
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY the impetus for development is bidirectional.
SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY
Perspective Ill:
Cognitive • Cognitive development is shaped by the
sociocultural context in which it occurs and
JEAN PIAGET: COGNITIVE STAGE THEORY grows out of children’s interactions with the
member of the culture.
LEVY VGOTSKY: SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY
• Zone of Proximal Development – the gap
between what they are already able to do by
COGNITIVE STAGE THEORY themselves and what they can accomplish
with assistance.
• Viewed intelligence as a process that helps an
organism adapt to its environment. • Scaffolding – supportive assistance with a
task that parents, teachers, and others give
• Constructivism – children actively construct
to a child.
new understanding of the world based on
their experiences.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Perspective V: Evolutionary/Sociobiological
ATTACHMENT THEORY
OTHER THEORIES RELATED TO Mary Ainsworth
DEVELOPMENT
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Kohlberg
IDENTITY FORMATION
James Marcia
4 TYPES OF IDENTITY