EXPERIMENT 03: OPEN CIRCUIT TEST

OBJECTIVES
 To perform open-circuit test on a given 1- transformer.
 To learn to derive an equivalent circuit of a transformer from the results of open-circuit test.

DISCUSSION

a. Equivalent circuit of transformer and impedance transfer

Transformers are probably the most universally used pieces of equipment in the electrical industry.
They range in size from miniature units in transistor radios to huge units, weighing tons, used in central
power distributing stations. However, all transformers have the same basic properties which you are
about to examine.
Following is the equivalent circuit of single phase transformer.

Primary Winding Resistance Loss Secondary Winding Resistance Loss

Primary Winding Magnetic Flux Leakage Secondary Winding Magnetic Flux Leakage

Core/ Iron Loss Magnetizing Flux Inductive Load

For affective analysis either impedances are transferred from primary to secondary or secondary to
primary.
a. Equivalent circuit of transformer with impedances transferred from secondary to primary.
 b. Equivalent circuit of transformer with impedances transferred from primary to secondary.

Above analysis can be summarized as to be based upon :

 b. Open circuit test
The purpose of this test is to determine:
 No load Loss or Core Loss or Constant loss
 No Load Current which is helpful in finding and .
One of the winding whichever is convenient is but usually high voltage winding is left open and other
is connected to supply of normal voltage and frequency. A wattmeter W, voltmeter V and an ammeter
A are connected in the low voltage winding i.e. primary winding in this case. With normal voltage
supplied to the primary, normal flux will be setup in the core, hence normal losses will occur which
are recorded by wattmeter. As primary no-load current is small, Cu loss is small in primary and nil
in secondary. Hence, wattmeter represents the practically core lass under no load conditions.
Following is the practical set up for performing open circuit test.

If W is the wattmeter reading then

No load Power Factor =

Since, &

Therefore, / & /
Since the current is practically all exciting current when a transformer is on no-load ≅ and as
the voltage drop in primary leakage impedance is small, hence the exciting admittance of the
transformer is given by
or /
The exciting conductance is given by
or /
The exciting susceptance is given by
√
 PROCEDURE
Caution: High voltages are present in this Laboratory Experiment! Do not make any
connections with the power on! The power should be turned off after completing each individual
measurement!
 Make sure that the voltage control knob in variable voltage control module is set to zero and
the main switch of the trainer is set to the OFF position.
 Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram taking 50V side as primary and 127V as secondary.
 Include in Wattmeter, AC ammeter and voltmeter from AC measurement module. Make sure
voltmeter is connected in parallel and ammeter in series. Moreover, connection of wattmeter
CC and PC should be taken into account.
 Turn on the power supply and adjust the transformer primary voltage to the rated voltage
(closer to 50V in our case).
 You can also connect AC voltmeter at secondary (127V side) to measure no load secondary
terminal voltage which is equal to EMF of the secondary coil in this case.
 Make necessary measurements and note them down.
 Turn off the main power supply of trainer and dis mantle entire circuit.

OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS

Wattmeter Reading =

Input Primary Voltage =

No-Load Current =

No Load Power Factor =

Magnetizing Current Component =

Working Current Component =

Exciting Admittance = /

Exciting Conductance = /

Exciting Susceptance = √
 _________

______________ _______________

OWN TIME WORK

Draw no load vector diagram to the scale keeping in view above obtained results.