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SHS 4th Quarter Reading and Writing Module 3

Advance Financial Accounting and Reporting (University of the Philippines Cebu)

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Senior High School

Reading and Writing Skills


Quarter 4
Week 3

Module 3: Formulating Evaluative Statements

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Day 1

Pre Test
Directions: Read the questions and write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It is an honest and appropriate expression of one’s feelings, opinions, and needs.


A. Claim C. Preference
B. Counterclaim D. Assertion
2. It is a way of giving a better explanation to show the strength and weaknesses of
something through writing.
A. Evaluative Statement C. Reaction Statement
B. Review/Critique Statement D. Reflection Statement
3. It is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies
of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research.
A. Statement of Convention C. Statement of Opinion
B. Statement of Preference D. Statement of Fact
4. He defined assertions as declarative sentences that claim something which is
true about something else.
A. Tiongson C. Moxley
B. Sepacio D. Cuizon
5. It is a way which something is done, like traditions and norms that depends on
historical precedent, laws, rules, usage, and customs.
A. Statement of Fact C. Statement of Preference
B. Statement of Convention D. Statement of Opinion
6. It provides a contrasting perspective to the main argument.
A. Claim C. Assertion
B. Opinion D. Counterclaim
7. Which of the following definitions about a counterclaim is correct?
A. It is an opposing argument.
B. It is an introduction to an argument.
C. It is based on facts that support reasons.
D. It is something that can be supported by reasons and evidence.
8. It is a type of assertion which is based on facts but are difficult to objectively verify
because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness.
A. Statement of Fact C. Statement of Preference
B. Statement of Convention D. Statement of Opinion
9. It is important for an author/s to include a counterclaim so that ____________.
A. their writing will be more interesting
B. a reader can reflect on the text he/she read
C. they can briefly preview the other side of the argument
D. they can disprove it and say theirs is the only right answer

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10. It is a type of assertion which is based on personal choice.


A. Statement of Fact C. Statement of Preference
B. Statement of Convention D. Statement of Opinion

(11 – 15) Identify what types of assertions are shown in the statements given.
11. Sunday is the best day of the week.
A. Fact C. Preference
B. Convention D. Opinion
12. There are 12 months in a year.
A. Fact C. Preference
B. Convention D. Opinion
13. The first day of the school year is scary.
A. Fact C. Preference
B. Convention D. Opinion
14. Cats are better pets than dogs.
A. Fact C. Preference
B. Convention D. Opinion
15. George Washington was the greatest president of the United States.
A. Fact C. Preference
B. Convention D. Opinion

Day 2

Evaluative Statements:
Assertions and Counterclaims

What I Need to Know


At the end of the module, the students are expected to:

• identify assertions and counterclaims;


• distinguish assertions from counterclaims;
• formulate assertions about the content of a text read; and
• formulate counterclaims in response to claims made in a text read.

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What’s In
Reading as a critical element of literacy is very essential for individuals’
success. It is one of the ways that we use language in our daily life to gather
information, communicate with others and for enjoyment. Hence, reading always
occurs in context. Thus, when you read and evaluate the text you are reading, it is
important to validate your assertions and counterclaims with valid evidence to produce
meaningful evaluative statements.
You learned from the previous module about the considerations you need to
make when you read and analyze a text in a critical way. Critical reading does not
simply mean reading to find fault in a writer’s idea. Rather, it means reading and
rereading a text to be able to go beyond what an author stated in a text.
In this module you will be learning about how evaluative statements are
constructed through formulating assertions and counterclaims in a text that you read.

TASK

Directions: Guess the word based on the pictures /clues presented. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

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Source: https://www.slideshare.net/VanessaRamones/formulating- Source: https://www.slideshare.net/VanessaRamones/formulating-

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Source: https://www.slideshare.net/VanessaRamones/formulating- Source: https://www.slideshare.net/VanessaRamones/formulating-

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What’s New
Evaluative Statement

An evaluative statement is a way of giving a better explanation to show the


strengths and weaknesses of something through writing. It presents a value of
judgment based on a set of criteria. It is the writer’s way of explaining why strength is
a strength and a weakness is a weakness based on the evidence gathered (Belino,
2017). Further, according to Hernandez et al. (2017), an evaluative statement is
an objective and tactful way of reacting to a text. Objective in a sense that your
reaction is not influenced by your feelings or personal biases.
We formulate an evaluative statement in a way of presenting our final judgment
on an idea or issue, whether it would be positive or negative, right, or wrong, moral or
immoral, and supported by research or valid reasons. Evaluative statements can be
used to show opinions, judgments, and points of view in a clear concise manner.
There are 2 steps in composing your evaluative statement 1) formulating
assertions about the content and the properties of a text read and 2) formulating a
meaningful counterclaim in response to a claim made in the text.

Look at the example below that shows an evaluative statement from a given text.

Text Evaluative Statement


Example: Example:
If you are not so smart, you The statement is very discriminative against those
should try to be a teacher. with average intelligence and teachers in general.

Formulating Assertions

What is an Assertion?

Becoming a good critical reader means that you can logically evaluate the
claims of the writer. Assertions become the primary channel for a reader to agree to a
claim. A claim is a statement about something, which could, in theory, be supported
with evidence. It is an assertion about the way things are, or were, or will be, or should
be.
Assertion is a stylistic approach or technique involving a strong declaration, a
forceful or confident and positive statement regarding a belief or a fact. Often, it is
without proof or any support.
Assertion is an honest and appropriate expression of one’s feelings, opinions,
and needs. It is a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief. Its purpose is to
express ideas or feelings directly, for instance, - “I have put my every effort to complete
this task today.” - Standing up for your rights and not being taken advantage of is one
definition of being assertive. It also means communicating what you really want in a

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clear fashion, respecting your own rights and feelings and the rights and feelings of
others.
A way to convince a critical reader is to accept the writer’s claim to formulate
assertions. Assertions, as defined by Tiongson (2016), are ―declarative sentences
that claim something is true about something else. These sentences may either be
statements of truths or opinions. There are four common types of assertion
enumerated by Tiongson.

Tiongson’s Types of Assertion

1. Statement of Fact

This is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience,


testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research.

Example: The sampaguita’s roots are used for medicinal purposes, such as an
anesthetic and a sedative.
This statement is a fact because it can be directly verified by experience or reliable
research reports.

2. Statement of Opinion

Opinions are based on facts but are difficult to objectively verify because of the
uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness.

Example: The popularity of sampaguita flowers is most evident in places of worship.


The above statement is an opinion because it is based on an observation that needs
to be proven by studies and repeated observation; there are too many factors involved
that makes explicit judgment difficult.

3. Statement of Convention

A convention is a way in which something is done, like traditions and norms.


Conventions depend on historical precedent, laws, rules, usage, and customs.

Example: The sampaguita belongs to the genus Jasminum of the family Oleaceae.
This statement is a convention because it is based on a classification system made
up by scientists and is acceptable to the scientific community.

4. Statement of Preference

Preferences are based on personal choice; therefore, they are subjective and
cannot be objectively proven or logically attacked.

Example: Sampaguitas are the most beautiful and most fragrant of all flowers.
This statement is a preference because it says a lot about the type of flowers that the
writer likes, instead of objectively comparing the qualities of sampaguitas to that of
other flowers.

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Formulating Counterclaims

What is a counterclaim?

To be an effective critical thinker, it is not enough just to be able to identify


claims and assertions. It is also important to have the ability to analyze an argument
and counterclaims.

Counterclaims are claims made to rebut a previous claim and/or an assertion.


They provide a contrasting perspective to the main argument. Counterclaims answer
the question. (What are other credible possibilities?)

The following questions will help you formulate a counterclaim:

• What are the major points on which you and the author can disagree?
• What is the strongest argument? What did they say to defend their position?
• What are the merits of their view?
• What are the weaknesses or shortcomings in their argument?
• Are there any hidden assumptions?
• Which lines from the text best support the counterclaim you have formulated?

Steps in Writing a Counterclaim

Step One – Ways to begin counterclaim paragraphs.

o Many people believe that . . .


o It is often thought that . . .
o It might seem as if . . .
o While it is common . . .

Step Two – Ways to transition from the opposite side back to your opinion.

o What this argument fails to consider is . . .


o This view sounds convincing at first but . . .
o Although the core claim is valid, it suffers from the flaw in its . . .

Step Three – Write a counterclaim. Use one of the sentence starters in step one.

Remember to transition back to your opinion. Use one of the sentences starters in step
two.

Counterclaim example:

Claim: It is often thought that social studies is the favorite academic class for junior
high school students.

Counterclaim: However, what this argument fails to consider is that science allows
for more hands-on activities. For example, when studying amphibians, you get to
dissect a frog rather than just read about an event from the past.

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What I Can Do

Task I (Assertions)

Directions: Read the given excerpt below and formulate your own assertions about
the content of the text. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Educational Challenges and Opportunities of the Coronavirus


(COVID-19) Pandemic
(Excerpt)

We are living amidst what is potentially one of the greatest threats in our
lifetime to global education, a gigantic educational crisis. As of March 28, 2020, the
COVID-19 pandemic is causing more than 1.6 billion children and youth to be out
of school in 161 countries. This is close to 80% of the world’s enrolled students.
We were already experiencing a global learning crisis, as many students were in
school, but they were not learning the fundamental skills needed for life.

The World Bank’s Learning Poverty indicator – the % of children who cannot
read and understand at age 10 – stood at 53% of children in low- and middle-
income countries – before the outbreak started. This pandemic has the potential to
worsen these outcomes even more if we do not act fast.

What should we be worried about in this phase of the crisis that might have
an immediate impact on children and youth? (1) Losses in learning; (2) Increased
dropout rates; (3) Children missing their most important meal of the day. Moreover,
most countries have very unequal education systems, and these negative impacts
will be felt disproportionately by poor children. When it rains, it pours for them.

Source: https://blogs.worldbank.org/education/educational-challenges-and-opportunities-covid-19-pandemic

Statement of Convention: _____________________________________________

Statement of Fact: ___________________________________________________

Statement of Opinion: ________________________________________________

Statement of Preference: _____________________________________________

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Task II (Counterclaims)

Directions: Read the passages below and formulate your own counterclaims. Answer
directly and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

Example:
Watching television entertains, educates, and informs. These three factual
advantages developed, giving more and more advantages. The value of family life
could increase when they spent time together, and the ability of television to
entertain supports this condition to happen. There are shows which fit all
generations and could make people happy watching it. When members of the family
watch the shows, they laugh, and a comforting atmosphere is created.

Claim: Watching television strengthens the family relationship.

Counterclaim: It might seem as if watching television strengthens family relationship.


This view sounds convincing at first but watching television prevents the talking, the
games and the family festivities and arguments through which the child’s learning
takes place.

Passage Number 1.

They are certainly right. Sunscreen protects your skin from ultraviolet light
rays. Too much ultraviolet is bad for your skin. If you spend a long time outside
without any sunscreen on, you might get a sunburn because of the ultraviolet rays.
Source: https://www.grammarbank.com/paragraph-completion.html

Claim: _____________________________________________________________

Counterclaim: _______________________________________________________

Passage Number 2.

You need a total of about 60 minutes of physical activity a day. Here is the
good news. ----. Five- or ten-minute sessions of physical activities throughout the
day are just as good for you. These may include walking, jogging, running, and
riding a bike.
Source: https://www.grammarbank.com/paragraph-completion.html

Claim: _____________________________________________________________

Counterclaim: _______________________________________________________

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Passage Number 3.

The House of Representatives approved House Bill 6517, or the Philippine


Compassionate Medical Cannabis Act, on its final reading on January 29, 2019.
The bill aims to ―legalize and regulate the medical use of cannabis, ‖ with the overall goal
of making it more accessible for Filipinos.

Once the bill gets enacted, the government will establish Medical Cannabis
Compassionate Centers (MCCC), as well as a Medical Cannabis Research and
Safety Compliance Facility (MCRSCF) for research and testing. These new
institutions will safeguard the distribution and research of medical cannabis in the
country.
Source: https://www.flipscience.ph/health/philippines-legalize-marijuana/

Claim: _____________________________________________________________

Counterclaim: _______________________________________________________

What I Have Learned


Directions: Fill in the boxes with your learning/insights about the topic. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

PMI CHART

PLUS MINUS INTERESTING


What is best about the topic? What is quite difficult? What struck you most?

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Day 3
What’s More
TASK I (Assertions)
Directions: Formulate assertions based on the given passages. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper. Your answers must consist of 2 - 3
sentences.

Example:

The presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (GMA), also known


as the Arroyo Administration, spanned nine years from January
20, 2001 to June 30, 2010. She serves the remainder of her
predecessor Joseph Estrada’s term after he was deposed, and
she was elected to a full second term in 2004 which ended
pursuant to the provisions of the 1987 Constitution in 2010.

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/tKUS44RpZ5NVPEzZ7
Passage Sources: https://www.wikipedia.org

Statement of Convention: GMA, being the vice president, advance to the presidential
position when Estrada stepped down from his office.
Statement of Fact: GMA is the second woman president of the Philippine Republic.
Statement of Opinion: I think our country's situation will continue to become worse
under Gloria's administration.
Statement of Preference: Estrada was more concerned with the masses compared
to GMA.

The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is


an infection caused by a newly discovered severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2).
The treatment of COVID-19 patients represents a continuous
challenge, no vaccine or specific antiviral therapy is yet
available. International guidelines recommend the medical
management based only on the first line physicians' short
Source: expertise, off-label approaches being admitted worldwide to
https://www.stmarysmd.com
limit and to decrease the infection devastating impacts
Passage Sources:
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ on humans’ health.

Statement of Convention: ______________________________________________


Statement of Fact: ____________________________________________________
Statement of Opinion: _________________________________________________
Statement of Preference: _______________________________________________

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Going to work during this COVID-19 pandemic has placed


frontline workers under immense and unprecedented pressure,
putting their physical, mental, and social well-being at risk.
Exposure to excessive stress, for prolonged periods can have
many harmful consequences on the emotional and mental well-
being of frontline workers.
Source:

Source: https://www.vhv.rs.com

Passage Sources: https://www.emro.who.int/

Statement of Convention: ______________________________________________


Statement of Fact: ____________________________________________________
Statement of Opinion: _________________________________________________
Statement of Preference: _______________________________________________

TASK II (Counterclaims)

Directions: Read the given claims and formulate your counterclaims. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper. Your answers must consist of 2 -
3 sentences.

Example:

Claim:
Hybrid cars are effective strategy to fight pollution.

Counterclaim:
Many people believe that hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution. This
view sounds convincing at first but instead of focusing on cars, which still encourages
a culture of driving even if it cuts down on pollution, the nation should focus on building
and encouraging the use of mass transit systems.

Claim: Tracking devices on phones is a good idea because if


you go somewhere your parents will know your whereabouts.

Counterclaim:

Source: https://www.freepik.com

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Claim: Being grounded is a good idea depending on what they


did.

Counterclaim

___________________________________________________
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/WkWwJXapgCy3sePX8

TASK III
Directions: Read each sentence carefully. Write T if the statement is true and F if
false. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

_________1. Being able to make an assertion is enough to formulate counterclaims.


_________2. Analyzing an argument is important in formulating counterclaims.
_________3. Claim is a statement that addresses opposing viewpoints.
_________4. Critical thinking concerns in determining the quality of our beliefs.
_________5. Counterclaim is a contrasting perspective to the argument.

Directions: Identify the following assertions as statements of convention, fact,


opinion, or preference.

1. Social media is defined as the Internet and mobile-based tools and


devices that facilitate the integration of technology,
telecommunications, and social interaction.
2. Facebook is a cooler social media platform than Twitter.
3. In 2012, there were 1.4 billion users of social media worldwide.
4. Teachers should use social media in their lessons to get more
students interested.
5. Another name for social media is ―Web 2.0 because both terms
emphasize the social aspects of the Internet as avenues for
communication, collaboration, and creative expression.
6. Many teenagers’ present obsession with taking selfie’s shows they
are the most narcissistic generation.
7. Social networks are the most distracting websites on the internet.
8. In the first quarter of 2014, nearly 300 million smartphone units
were sold all over the world.
9. Parents ought to enforce stricter guidelines in social media to
safeguard their children’s privacy.
10. Children are learning how to operate mobile devices at
increasingly younger ages: many of them have an idea of how to
use a touchscreen tablet before they are two.

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Day 4

Post Test
Directions: Using a separate sheet of paper, read and analyze the
concepts/situations below and write the letter of the correct answer for
each item. Label your paper as Post Test- Module 3 in Reading and
Writing Skills.
1. Which statement best describes a counterclaim?
A. The author’s point of view.
B. The opposing view of a claim.
C. The reader’s reflection in the text read.
D. The counter where you claim something.
2. Counterclaims are included in evaluating a text in order to ______________.
A. formulate bias
B. state the author’s point of view
C. show what you know and strengthen your argument
D. judge the author’s qualifications in a text that he/she published
3. It provides a contrasting perspective to the main argument.
A. Claim C. Assertion
B. Opinion D. Counterclaim
4. Which of the following is an example of a statement of preference?
A. Smoking can cause lung cancer.
B. Our school was founded in 1997.
C. Eating spinach helps your reflexes.
D. Blueberry Cheesecake tastes better than Red Velvet Cheesecake.
5. It is a type of assertion which is based on facts but are difficult to verify because of
the uncertainty of proofs and evidence.
A. Statement of Fact C. Statement of Preference
B. Statement of Convention D. Statement of Opinion
6. Chocolates taste better than ice cream.
A. Preference C. Fact
B. Convention D. Opinion
7. I think that green is the best color.
A. Preference C. Fact
B. Convention D. Opinion
th
8. Corazon Aquino was the 11 President (and the first female president) of the
Philippines. She restored democracy after the long dictatorship of Ferdinand
Marcos.
A. Preference C. Fact
B. Convention D. Opinion
9. I would rather watch educational shows than play computer games.
A. Preference C. Fact
B. Convention D. Opinion

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10. President Rodrigo Duterte signed the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act on March
24, 2020.
A. Preference C. Fact
B. Convention D. Opinion

Schools should conduct random drug tests because it is beneficial to the health of
children. Random drug tests stop many children from doing drugs in middle and
high school. Many parents and adults feel that these drug tests are a violation of
students’ privacy. Data shows that students who start using drugs in middle school
are more likely users as if that they are adults. If they are detected in middle school,
students may be able to get help before it becomes a serious problem.

11. Which sentence is the counterclaim to the above passage?


A. Data shows that students who start using drugs in middle school are more
likely to use them as adults.
B. Schools should conduct random drug tests because it is beneficial to the
health of children.
C. Many parents and adults feel that these drug tests are a violation of student
privacy.
D. If they are detected in middle school, students.may be able to get help
before it becomes a serious problem.
12. Schools should allow pets.
A. Pets are cute.
B. Pets can help decrease anxiety.
C. It could be possible that some pets are not friendly.
D. Pets could take a behavior test to be allowed in school.
13. Students should be able to eat snacks in class.
A. Eating snacks raises test scores.
B. Teachers argue that food distracts students in class.
C. Studies show that eating during class keeps students focused.
D. Eating during school hours is important.
14. Students should wear uniforms to school.
A. Having uniforms prepares students for professional careers.
B. Students need to be able to express themselves on what to wear in school.
C. Uniforms make everyone's lives easier.
D. Uniforms allow students to focus on their work not for fashion.
15. Students should listen to music in class.
A. Some may argue that music distracts students.
B. Teachers can choose the music for the students.
C. Music reduces stress.
D. Music motivates students.

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References

Internet Sources:
Aguilar, M. Assertions and Counterclaims. (31 December 2015). Retrieved from

http://studentsofenglish.blogspot.com/2004/12/students-ofenglish-10mhr1-

mhu1.html accessed on February 10, 2021.

Gella, R.L. The Logic of Assertions. (13 September 2015). Retrieved from

https://prezi.com/nm4ou_jglck5/the-logic-of-assertions/ accessed on

February 10, 2021.

Cadavos, R. Kinds of Statements. (6 March 2013). Retrieved from

https://prezi.com/ewf9w9v0fefu/kinds-of-statement-comm2g/ accessed on

February 11, 2021.

Assertions and Counterclaims. (N.D.) Retrieved from

https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/547ffba0d2b76d000200267d/curri

culum#curriculum accessed on February 11, 2021.

Ramones, V. Formulating Assertions. (08 August 2018). Retrieved from

https://www.slideshare.net/VanessaRamones/formulating-assertions

accessed on February 13, 2021.

Traboulsi, E. Assert Yourself. (N.D.). Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/6361626/ASSERT_YOURSELF_ASSERT_YOU

RSELF_Module_Four_How_to_Behave_More_Assertively_Assertiveness_Te

chniques_ Basic_Assertion accessed on February 15, 2021.

Five Types of Assertion. (N.D.). Retrieved from

https://www.businessbusinessbusiness.com.au/harness-five-

typesassertion-get- voice-heard/ accessed on February 16, 2021.

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Claims and Counterclaims. (N.D.). Retrieved from

http://rhe306.drw.utexas.edu/sites/rhe306.drw.utexas.edu/files/Worksheet_

Claim- counterclaim.pdf accessed on February 16, 2021.

Books Source/s:

Barrot, Jessie S. (2016). Academic Reading & Writing for Senior High School. C & E

Publishing, Inc.

Acknowledgements:
Reading and Writing Skills – SHS (Core Subject)
Quarter 4-Module 3: Text and Context Connections in Critical Reading

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Development Team of the Self Learning Module

Contextualizer: Andrew Leo A. Castrodes, TI, Zapatera National High School

Editors: Angelique B. Villafuerte, TIII, Mabolo National High School


Rowena A. Diputado, TIII, Pardo National High School
Evaluator:
Evelyn R. Pielago, Principal IV, Abellana National School

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Cebu City

Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City


Telephone Nos.: (032) 255-1516 / (032) 253-9095
E-mail Address: cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

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