FINAL DEFENSE REVIEWER

1 Thessalonians 5:11

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Banana peels, usually discarded as waste, are being repurposed into eco-friendly dishwashing
liquid to address environmental concerns and utilize their untapped potential. This initiative aims
to provide a sustainable alternative to conventional dishwashing products, which often contain
harmful substances like phosphate.

The demand for dishwashing products has been increasing due to factors like the pandemic
and growing household usage. However, many commercial dishwashing liquids contain harmful
chemicals, leading to a search for safer options. The market for dishwashing liquids is significant
globally, with diverse brands and types available.

In the Philippines, where dishwashing liquid usage is substantial, there's a growing preference for
eco-friendly alternatives. Despite this demand, challenges persist, such as the presence of
harmful ingredients in traditional products.

Commercial dishwashing liquids often contain substances like Triclosan and phosphates, which
pose health risks and environmental concerns. The utilization of these chemicals can lead to
adverse effects on both human health and ecosystems.

Bananas are widely consumed globally, with significant production and consumption in various
countries. The Philippines, a major banana exporter, generates a substantial amount of banana
waste, including peels.

Banana peel falls under the category of municipal solid waste (MSW). The Philippines maintained its
position as the second largest exporter of bananas last year despite lower shipments. Based on the
latest banana market review of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.

With commercialized dishwashing liquids, the mineral salt phosphate is a naturally occurring
component of several dishwashing solutions.While phosphate is excellent at removing dirt and
film from dishes, it also lowers the amount of oxygen that marine life needs. This is because
chemical-rich dishwashing detergent can cause a severe type of algae to grow and build a
layer on the water's surface, blocking sunlight and causing marine life to perish from a lack of
oxygen. They are commonly used in cleaning products due to their ability to break down
grease, grime, and mineral deposits. In reality, the label of a lot of "name brand" dishwashing
detergents reads, "Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects."

Banana peels contain bioactive chemical components with potential applications in various
industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Their antioxidant and antimicrobial
properties make them valuable for health and environmental purposes.

Utilizing banana peels in eco-friendly dishwashing liquid production aligns with sustainable waste
management practices and regulatory objectives. By repurposing banana peel waste,
researchers aim to contribute to creating a healthier and cleaner environment.

Legislation such as Republic Act No. 9003 and Presidential Decree No. 856 emphasizes the
importance of environmental protection and public health. Researchers aim to develop non-
toxic dishwashing liquid formulations in line with these regulations.

The formulation and production techniques of dishwashing liquid play a crucial role in
determining its environmental friendliness. By incorporating banana peels and utilizing natural
ingredients, researchers seek to innovate in producing a more sustainable dishwashing liquid
option.

Eco-friendly dishwashing liquid, derived from banana peels, tends to be safer for health as it
typically lacks harsh substances like phosphates, chlorine, and synthetic fragrances, known to
cause skin irritation, allergies, or respiratory issues.

The utilization of banana peels in dishwashing liquid production offers several advantages,
including reducing reliance on harmful chemicals and promoting environmental sustainability.
Eco-friendly dishwashing liquid derived from banana peels tends to be safer for both health and
the environment.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to create a substitute for commercial dishwashing liquid using banana peel

(Musa Sapientum) as dishwashing liquid by conducting analysis and testing.

Specifically, to sought the following questions:

 1. What is the best formulation of Banana (Musa sapientum) peelings as

dishwashing liquid in terms of:

a. antibacterial property

2. What are the significant differences between Banana (Musa sapientum) peelings as

dishwashing liquid and commercial dishwashing liquid in terms of:

a. antibacterial property

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between Banana (Musa sapientum) peel dishwashing

liquid and commercial dishwashing liquid in terms of antibacterial properties.

Figure 1. The Research Paradigm

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

The study aimed to to lessen Water pollution. Pollution is greatly caused by improper

disposal of chemicals from factories and other industrial plants. By developing this, we are also

creating an alternative source of dishwashing liquid that is cheaper, easier to produce. we are

creating an organic and eco-friendly product to help decrease the toxicity and lessen the

effect of harmful chemicals that affect the bodies of water or even the community. They usually

don't contain harsh chemicals, such as phosphates, chlorine, and synthetic fragrances, which

can cause skin irritation, allergies, or breathing problems. Using eco-friendly products helps you

reduce your exposure to potentially harmful substances.

Vital results of this study are highly significant and beneficial specifically to the following:

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources would be helped in its battle

against pollution by reducing the improper disposal of chemicals from factories and other

industrial plants.
 The community will gain from this as well because it will help raise their information on

how to utilize and upcycle garbage such as banana peels.

Banana farmers would gain more profits by increasing the market for saba bananas.

Market vendors could gain from this study because it utilizes proper disposal of their

excess banana peelings.

Saint Louis College would gain additional resources and information with the help of this

study

The researchers would benefit from the study to develop their understanding and abilities during

the research.

This will also direct researchers in the future when they carry out comparable investigations.

concerns the employment of banana peels as a dishwashing liquid. Through this research.

The students will be able to learn and receive information about dishwashing liquids, banana

peels, and how to turn waste materials like banana peels into valuable products.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Anti-bacterial Property. The capability of a substance or product to inhibit bacteria's growth,

reproduction, or survival. It can be found in various materials, including natural compounds,

synthetic chemicals, or manufactured products, commonly used in disinfectants, medicines,

and hygiene items to prevent or treat bacterial infections.

Dishwashing Liquid. A cleaning agent for dishes and kitchenware, known as dish soap or

detergent. It removes grease, food bits, and stains from surfaces like ceramic, plastic, metal, and

glass.
Greasiness. Excessive oil or grease on an object's surface, often described by its oily feel.

Greasiness is the sensation of surfaces covered in oils or lubricants, influenced by factors like oil

type, amount, cooking methods, or additional ingredients.

Peelings. The outer layers of food, like fruit or vegetables, that need to be removed before

cooking or eating due to being inedible, tough, or potentially dirty.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The study aimed to explore if banana peelings could be a sustainable substitute for commercial

dishwashing liquid. It conducted experiments with two groups: one using banana peel extract

and the other using commercial dishwashing liquid as a control. A consistent procedure was

followed, including application, scrubbing, rinsing, and qualitative evaluation. The study utilized

descriptive quantitative and qualitative methodologies for analysis.

Experimental Methodology: The study utilized an experimental approach to investigate the

efficacy of banana peelings as a dishwashing liquid alternative.

Hypothesis: The hypothesis suggested that processed banana peelings could clean dishes

effectively, similar to commercial products.

Experimental Groups: Two groups were established, one using banana peel extract and the

other using commercial dishwashing liquid as a control.

Procedure: Dishes were randomly assigned to these groups, and a consistent procedure was

followed, including application, scrubbing, rinsing, documentation, and qualitative evaluation.

Methodologies: The study employed both descriptive quantitative and descriptive

methodologies.
Data Analysis: Data analysis involved comparing before-and-after photos and conducting an

analysis to compare cleaning efficiency between banana peel extract and commercial

dishwashing liquid.

Conclusion: The research summarized findings, evaluated cleaning effectiveness, and discussed

environmental and cost benefits of using banana peelings as a dishwashing liquid.

INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA COLLECTION

The researchers developed three formulations using Saba banana peelings to create an

eco-friendly dishwashing liquid. Formulation one included 2 and 1/8 cups of banana peelings

extract, lemon juice, salt, and water. Formulations two and three varied the amounts of banana

peelings extract and lemon juice. Materials used included Saba banana peelings, lemon juice,

salt, measuring cups, blender, grinder, and clean cloth. The process involved cutting and

grinding banana peelings, extracting paste, heating with lemon juice, water, and salt, boiling,

and adding additional ingredients like surfactants and essential oils.

Formulations: Three formulations were made with varying amounts of Saba banana peelings

extract, lemon juice, salt, and water.

Materials: Gathered from local sources including Saba banana peelings from a vendor,

lemons from a store, and other materials from researchers' homes or online purchases.

Process: Included cutting, grinding, extracting paste, heating with lemon juice, water, and

salt, boiling, and adding additional ingredients like surfactants and essential oils.

Equipment: Used included measuring cups, blender, grinder, and clean cloth for processing

banana peelings.

Source of Ingredients: Banana peelings were sourced from a local vendor, lemons from a

store, and other materials either from researchers' homes or purchased online.
 Additional Ingredients: Surfactants, thickeners, foam boosters, labsa degreasers, and tea

tree essential oil were added to the cooled down mixture for enhanced efficacy.

TOOLS FOR DATA ANALYSIS

Researchers quickly obtained fresh Saba banana peels from a local vendor in the morning and

processed them to create a sample of Saba dishwashing liquid. They conducted Agar testing to

compare its germ-killing properties with a commercial product (Joy lemon), using a T-test to

analyze the significant difference between the best formulation (formulation 1) and the

commercial product.

Source of Banana Peels: Fresh Saba banana peels were obtained from a local vendor in the

morning to ensure freshness.

Processing: The researchers worked quickly to process the banana peels and create a sample

of Saba dishwashing liquid.

Agar Testing: Conducted to evaluate the germ-killing properties of the Saba dishwashing liquid

compared to a commercially sold product (Joy lemon).

T-Test Analysis: Used to determine if there was a significant difference between the best

formulation (formulation 1) and the commercial product in terms of germ-killing properties.

Vendor Consent: The vendor consented to providing banana peels for the experiment.

Timeliness: Working quickly in the morning was emphasized to retain the freshness of the Saba

peels for experimentation.

SUMMARY
 This study conducted in the school year 2023-2024 aimed to assess the effectiveness of Banana

(Musa sapientum) peelings as dishwashing liquid. Using experimental methods, it explored the

viability of banana peelings as an eco-friendly alternative to commercial dishwashing liquid.

Four dishwashing liquids, including Saba Peel Extract and commercial Joy Lemon, were tested

for their antibacterial properties using agar tests with three samples each. The study utilized a T-

test to determine significant differences between the Saba Peel Extract and commercial

product, yielding a calculated t-statistic of 11.624. Compared to the critical value of 2.132, a

significant difference was observed, indicating the efficacy of the 50% Saba peelings

dishwashing liquid over commercial alternatives.

CONCLUSION:

Formulation 1, consisting of 50% banana peelings and 50% lemon, emerged as the most

effective formulation based on Agar testing results. It demonstrated superior antibacterial

properties, killing 59.64% of bacteria compared to other formulations and the

commercial product. This indicates that dishwashing liquid derived from 50% Saba

peelings is the most effective among the tested formulations.

The Agar test results confirmed the effectiveness of formulation 1 over other formulations and

the commercial product. Through T-test analysis, it was found that there is a significant

difference between formulation 1 and the commercial product, rejecting the null

hypothesis. This indicates that banana peelings dishwashing liquid, particularly

formulation 1, can be nearly as effective as commercial alternatives, supporting the

hypothesis. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of banana peelings as a viable

and eco-friendly alternative in dishwashing liquid production.

RECOMMENDATION
 The researchers imply the following as recommendations for future researchers that is

interested in doing the same research or topic:

1. Future researchers should use fresh banana peelings within a week, to stop the darkening of

the peelings, which can affect future results.

2. Future researchers might consider to have other fragrant variables added in order to have a

less extreme smell,

3. Future researchers can add or change color, by adding or experimenting variables to change

it.

4. Future researchers can alter the formulations and try other types of banana peelings.

5. Future researchers can investigate potential uses of banana peelings aside from using it as

dishwashing liquid.

6. Future researchers might consider adding up more eco-friendly variables to the alternate

dishwashing liquid.

7. Bakers and Banana cue sellers might consider using leftover peels as a potential use for

making their own alternative dishwashing liquid.