2024年度英語共通テキスト(龍たん)

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英語力向上のための─

基本学習事項─文法・単語・構文・熟語

龍谷大学英語科目部会(瀬田)編

2024
この冊子には、英語学習の基礎を確認するための必須事項がまとめられています。

1.基本文法事項
英語文法の基本事項を項目ごとにまとめ、それぞれを例文によって示しています。太字部分の文中での
位置や役割に注意しながら読みましょう。長い複雑な文を読むときも、つねにこうした基本にたち返って、
文の構造を把握することが必要です。

2.龍大生のための重要英単語(龍たん)
中学・高校で学ぶ重要単語を含め、辞書を引かなくてもこれだけは覚えておいてほしいという単語をリ
ストにしました。カテゴリーごとにまとめてありますので、関連する語群とともに整理しながら覚えま
しょう。
*中学・高校の各種教科書、VOA の基本 1500 語、JACET の単語リストの頻度レベル等を参考にして独
自に編集しています。
*ひとつの単語にはいくつもの意味があります。本リストでは特定の意味によって分類されていますが、
辞書でいろいろな意味を用例とともに確認する習慣をつけましょう。

3.龍大生のための重要構文と熟語(龍じゅく)
中学・高校で学ぶ重要な構文と熟語を基本に、これだけは覚えてほしいというものをリストにしました。
文章を読むとき、会話をするとき、役に立ちます。構文編は文法項目、熟語編は意味をもとに分類して
います。
*英語辞典や高校・大学の教科書や参考書をもとに独自に編集しています。
*熟語について、それぞれの語の意味からだけでは熟語の意味を推測しにくいので、辞典を使って意味
と使い方を確認してみましょう。

4.辞書を使いこなそう
より効果的に辞書を使うために、ポイントとなる項目を挙げてみました。それぞれについて、実際に辞
書で引いてその使い方を身に付けるための用例、ないしは練習問題として、具体的な単語や表現も載せ
ています。これらをきっかけに、大いに辞書を活用しましょう。
目次

[1]基本文法事項………………………………………………………………………… 1

[2]龍大生のための重要英単語(龍たん)………………………………… 7

[3]龍大生のための重要構文と熟語(龍じゅく)… …………………15

[4]辞書を使いこなそう… …………………………………………………………19

[5]龍谷大学で英語を学ぶためのリソース集……………………………21

 i
基本文法事項

1.文の成り立ち
⑴ 主部と述部

⑵ 文の種類:平叙文・疑問文・命令文・感嘆文

⑶ 品詞
① 名詞 可算名詞(普通名詞・集合名詞)・不可算名詞(物質名詞・抽象名詞・固有名詞)
② 代名詞 人称代名詞・指示代名詞・不定代名詞・疑問代名詞など
③ 動詞 他動詞・自動詞
④ 形容詞 限定用法・叙述用法
⑤ 副詞
⑥ 前置詞
⑦ 接続詞 等位接続詞・従属接続詞・相関接続詞
⑧ 間投詞
⑨ その他 冠詞(定冠詞・不定冠詞)・助動詞

⑷ 基本5文型
① 第1文型 S+V
My aunt lives in New York.
The shop closes at 6 o’clock.
② 第2文型 S+V+C
The book was interesting.
My sister became a teacher.
③ 第3文型 S+V+O
He answered my question.
I had a stomachache last night.
④ 第4文型 S+V+IO+DO(名詞・代名詞)
My mother gave me some money.
The photographer showed us his photos.
⑤ 第5文型 S+V+O+C(名詞・形容詞)
She made me angry.
I found this book difficult to read.
⑥ その他の文型
There are three cats under the table.
It seems that my son understands French.
I want you to stay here.

1
⑸ 句
① 名詞句
This is my first visit to London.
He has made quick progress in English.
② 形容詞句
This is the only information about the strange incident.
I talked to a girl walking on the street.
③ 副詞句
We are going to have a math test next week.
I had to cancel the trip because of ill health.
She had a part-time job during the winter.

⑹ 節
① 名詞節
I can’t believe that he is an actor.
I don’t know if Mary likes Chinese food.
② 形容詞節
The student is reading a book he borrowed from the library.
I will never forget the day when we first met.
③ 副詞節
When the telephone rang, I was eating breakfast.
I finished early because I worked fast.

2.時制
⑴ 現在時制
Mathematics and history are my favorite subjects.
I have a cup of coffee every morning.
⑵ 過去時制
The boy met his friends yesterday.
She played the guitar.
⑶ 未来時制
I will call you when I arrive.
It will rain tomorrow morning.
We are going to buy a new car soon.
⑷ 進行相
He is watching a movie.
When I was walking down the street, I saw Mary.

 2
⑸ 完了相
① 現在完了
I have broken my leg.
He is the best teacher I have ever met.
It has been a long time since we last met.
② 過去完了
The room was dirty. They hadn’t cleaned it for weeks.
When I arrived at the party, my friend had already gone home.
③ 完了進行形
How long have you been working here?
At last the bus came. I had been waiting for 20 minutes.

3.否定を表す構文
⑴ 全体否定と部分否定
None of this money is mine.
Not all of this money is mine.
⑵ not, no, noneなどを使わないもの
He has few friends here.
My leg was hurting. I could hardly walk.
⑶ 二重否定
The girl never goes out without losing her umbrella.
There was no one who didn’t respect her.

4.受動態
Two thousand people are employed by the company.
A lot of money was stolen in the robbery.
Your life will be changed by this book.

3
5.助動詞
Can you speak any foreign languages?
My grandmother couldn’t drive a car.
It can’t be true.
You may leave now.
It may not be true.
You must keep it a secret.
You must not make any noise.
They must have gone out.
Will you do me a favor?
When I was a child, I would go skiing every winter.
What shall we do this weekend?
You shouldn’t have eaten so much.

6.不定詞
⑴ 名詞的用法
Don’t forget to lock the door when you go out.
It is useful to have a driver’s license.
⑵ 形容詞的用法
There are four letters to post.
They have sent the applicant a form to fill in.
⑶ 副詞的用法
I am going to Australia to learn English.
I was shocked to see how ill she was.
⑷ 原型不定詞(知覚動詞、使役動詞)
I didn’t see her come in.
We don’t let the children stay up late.
My son helped me unload the car.
⑸ 独立不定詞
To tell the truth, I forgot to buy the tickets.
Needless to say, I agree with you.

7.分詞と動名詞
⑴ 現在分詞
I like the sound of falling rain.
Who is the girl dancing with your friend?
There is a cat sleeping on the roof.

 4
⑵ 過去分詞
I saw a lot of excited people this morning.
Do you know the number of people employed by the government?
Most of the people invited to the party were old friends.
⑶ 分詞構文
Putting down my book, I walked over to the door.
Written in simple English, this book is easy to read.
⑷ 動名詞
Smoking is bad for you.
The doctor suggested taking a long holiday.

8.関係詞(関係代名詞・関係副詞)
⑴ 限定(制限)用法
The girl who was injured in the accident is in hospital.
I met someone whose wife is a music teacher.
He has moved back to the town where he was born.
Where is the cheese (which / that) I bought yesterday?
⑵ 継続(非制限)用法
My girl friend told me about her new job, which she is enjoying a lot.
My sister has just been to Mexico, where her friend lives.
⑶ 名詞節を作る関係代名詞・関係副詞
What happened wasn’t your fault.
This is where we first met.

9.比較
⑴ 原級
My room is as clean as my sister’s.
He can play golf as well as I do.
⑵ 比較級
Truth is stranger than fiction
Going by train is more expensive than driving.
The results of the exam were better than I thought.
⑶ 最上級
This hotel is the cheapest in town.
It’s the most boring movie I’ve ever seen.
He is the best teacher even though he has the least experience.

5
10.仮定法
⑴ 仮定法過去
If I were the manager, I would hire this boy.
If I knew her number, I would phone her.
I wish I could fly.
The boss talks as if he knew everything.
⑵ 仮定法過去完了
If I had had enough money, I would have bought it.
If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
I wish I could have been with you then.

11.話法と時制の一致
⑴ 直接話法と間接話法
My friend said to me, “I’m living in San Francisco.”
My friend told me that he was living in San Francisco.
She asked, “Where are you going?”
She asked us where we were going.
The policeman asked me, “Do you have a driving license?”
The policeman asked me if I had a driving license.
⑵ 時制の一致
She said that her new job was exciting.

 6
りゅう
龍大生のための重要英単語(龍たん)

数・量 物質 空間 時間
number, quantity substance space time

数の単位 形状 場所 過去・現在・未来
million tiny area past
⇔ huge primitive
billion region
thin ancient
trillion ⇔ thick district present
figure section current
数量 angle site contemporary
triangle future
figure spot
rectangle 前後・順序・経過時間
quantity square former
amount oval 関係
⇔ latter
volume circle inner initial(ly)
straight immediate
dozen
round
⇔ outer
recent
sphere surface
期間
多数・少数 ・a heavenly sphere direction
era
majority 物質とその状態 ・in a clockwise direction period
⇔ minority substance vertical brief
solid
⇔ horizontal 永続性・瞬間
liquid
計算 depth permanent
fluid
calculation ash
⇔ temporary
height eternal
add acid distance moment
sum
⇔ alkaline
contrary instant
・acid rain
subtract ・on the contrary second
artificial
sudden
multiply ・artificial satellite
機会・事態
divide 変形・変化
opportunity
random stretch
occasion
extend
・at random situation
expand
incident
⇔ shrink
develop 遅れ・停止
attach delay
absorb postpone
grind cease
flexible pause
変換・交換 頻度・可能性
substitute usual(ly)
exchange frequent(ly)
replace likely
修正・修理 probable / probably
hardly
amend
rare(ly)
repair
scarcely
modify
seldom
adapt
annual(ly)
improve
mend
correct

7
*とくに重要な基本語彙については、色を変えて示してあります。
*記号:<,>派生関係 (短)短縮形 ⇔対比

人間 身体
human being body

人・個人・人類 心情 心の動き 体の構成


individual excited / exciting desire cell
mankind organ
・I’m excited. sympathy
flesh
・an exciting game temper muscle
性格・性質
upset regret stomach
character confused lung
pity
personality confusion nerve
nature pleasure
skeleton
<confuse horror
capable breath
active embarrassed >breathe
>horrible
⇔ passive embarrassment blood
>horrify
sincere <embarrass >bleed
threat tongue
talkative surprised
amusing >threaten ・mother tongue
<surprise
reliable terror throat
amazed elbow
attractive
amazement >terrible
palm
aggressive >terrify
<amaze thigh
brave
concerned insult knee
noble heel
<concern dignity
polite toe
mature ashamed
病気・医療・健康
感覚
naïve <shame medicine
wicked impressed sense disease
evil <impress visible patient
vicious treatment
bored ⇔ invisible
patient <treat
boredom view
recover
世代 <bore ・viewpoint / remedy
hostile point of view cure
generation
ancestor >hostility deaf heal
grateful cancer
⇔ descendent stink
influenza
>gratitude odor (短) flu
能力・地位 indifferent virus
scent
capacity eager insurance
flavor
faculty anxious social security
sour
talent >anxiety intensive care unit (ICU)
authority disorder
desperate
透明度 insane
status reluctant
celebrity transparent infection
hurt epidemic
frightened
⇔ opaque symptoms

loyal fatigue
mental headache
confident
>mentality fever
emotional responsible cough
<emotion sneeze
yawn
blink
 8
思考と言語 人間関係 人生と生活
thought and language human relationships life

推論・認識・信念 言葉を使った行為 親族・友人 人生


reason refer spouse infant
consider mention relative adolescence
realize bride youth
comment
recognize ⇔ bridegroom grown-up
comprehend describe mate elderly
represent announce
opinion 任命・雇用 偶然・運命
insist
・public opinion assign coincidence
declare
mind appoint destiny
knowledge claim nominate fate
belief suggest colleague >fatal
faith argue superior fortune
supervise >fortunate(ly)
dispute
判断・態度 cooperate
debate hire
judgment 仕事・出来事
decision persuade employ
estimate inform ・lifetime employment profession
fire career
impression guarantee resign labor
instinct
confess quit ・labor force
・the maternal instinct skill
insight blame
反応 task
intellect apologize
depressing service
attitude warn disgusting <serve
resolution
oppose comfortable assist
suspicion
excuse
>assistance
prejudice
価値判断 retirement
bias respond
evaluation <retire
guess
reply respect marriage
positive
cheat criticize divorce
⇔ negative
valuable pregnancy
trust rumor
remarkable <pregnant
obey
reasonable funeral
書かれたもの・出版 success
観察・分析 fierce
document silly <succeed
analysis pure failure
article
proof severe <fail
solution journal struggle
intelligent
observation essay ceremony
<intelligence
demonstration publication
受賞 職業
言語活動 <publish
award farmer
author
dialogue ・Academy Award astronaut
⇔ monologue editor prize lawyer
term ・an editorial article ・Nobel Prize clerk
translate praise carpenter
interpret congratulate architect
・Congratulations!
celebrate

9
*とくに重要な基本語彙については、色を変えて示してあります。
*記号:<,>派生関係 (短)短縮形 ⇔対比

移動 生き物 地球
transportation creature the earth

衣食住 乗り物 動物 宇宙
wardrobe automobile mammal planet
jewel globe
underground ape
underwear >global
passenger beast ・global warming
appetite
starve fare insect orbit
grill ・a railway (taxi, bus) fare reptile meteor
bake Mars
vehicle Venus
feed 植物
swallow vessel solar
raw sail bush ・solar energy
⇔ cooked port grass ・the Solar System
grocery crew leaf 気象
bean atmosphere
transportation branch
flour climate
grain transfer root weather
wheat traffic jam seed forecast
alcoholic drink blossom ・weather forecast
convenient
nutrition chilly
commute bloom
diet temperature
suburban harvest lightning
rural 旅・道 flood
⇔ urban sightseeing 遺伝 地勢
residence continent
flight gene
accommodation desert
shelter voyage <genetic
soil
entrance baggage coast
exit 性別 gulf
destination
stairs valley
arrival male
ceiling volcano
furniture departure ⇔ female
earthquake
shelf chase gender ・earthquake prediction
utilities
flee 土中のもの
sweep
bloom lane mineral
refrigerator avenue metal
(短)fridge coal
path
waste 自然環境
track nature
・industrial waste
garbage trail >natural
waterfall
スポーツ・娯楽 forest
athlete
・rain forest
stream
>athletic
ocean
stadium
tide
entertainment
resource
amusement
environment
spectator
ecology
audience
leisure

 10
国家と紛争 社会
nation states and their conflicts society(>social)

世界・外交 戦い 組織 政治体制
nation fight company politics
>national conflict association >politician
compete organization democracy
>international defend communism
<organize
・the United Nations (UN) >defense institute republic
capital ・Self-Defense Forces committee coalition
race offend chairperson
right-wing
>offense federation
⇔ left-wing
・racial discrimination win progressive
ethnic <federal
⇔ lose ⇔ conservative
victory headquarters revolution
foreign
defeat conference liberty
・foreign policy convention
enemy liberal
border beat union
abroad invade ・trade union 司法
diplomacy justice
>diplomat 反政府的行動 国と政治 accuse
ambassador guerrilla government >accusation
terrorist policy guilty
treaty
riot ・political party ⇔ innocent
revolt court
宗教と宗教施設
・political power
rebel trial
president
religion judge
prime minister
prosecutor
>religious 軍事 the Diet
jury
priest army parliament >juror
Christianity navy cabinet appeal
air force minister case
Muslim
military <ministry evidence
Islam ⇔ civilian ・prime minister legal
Buddhism troops administration ⇔ illegal
Jewish arm official lawyer
temple
⇔ disarm state sentence
>disarmament colony imprisonment
shrine weapon <prison
territory
sacred ・nuclear weapons immigrant jail
holy bomb
⇔ emigrant
missile 集団
pray discrimination
force
prefecture folk
fire
welfare crowd
soldier
・social welfare mass
clash
vote the public
capture
tribe
seize election
civil
raid ・general election
・civil servant
surrender candidate
citizen
population
・population explosion

11
*とくに重要な基本語彙については、色を変えて示してあります。
*記号:<,>派生関係 (短)短縮形 ⇔対比

経済 学問
economics arts and sciences

事件・事故 経済活動 財産 文化・文明


murder economy fortune culture
rob ・economic power wealth civilization
>robber capital poverty
>capitalism 学問・芸術
>robbery property
theft finance possess faculty
currency department
<thief
interest academic
violence 収入
major
invest income
・domestic violence history
>investment ・annual income language
crime
stock market aesthetics
>criminal gain
foreign exchange literature
kidnap wage(s)
consumer logic
abduct pension
budget mathematics
hostage (短) math
・the national budget 支出
harm import physics
wound outgo chemistry
⇔ export
drown expense philosophy
tax
spend psychology
torture ・consumption tax astronomy
punish supply bill
biology
>punishment ⇔ demand fee law
emergency profit charge economics
crisis surplus ・free of charge sociology
・trade surplus geography
victim
産業 statistics
casualty ⇔ deficit
classical music
disaster ・fiscal deficit industry
painting
rescue inflation ・the Industrial Revolution sculpture
witness
⇔ deflation manufacture architecture
depression produce poetry
police
advertise >product
・police officer
commerce ・gross domestic product
学校教育
arrest
trade education
investigation (GDP)
merchant
agriculture
・compulsory education
<investigate negotiate subject
examine deal examination
inspect client (短) exam
scholar
account
>scholarship
debt
graduate
earn ・a graduate school
owe ・a graduate student
lottery

 12
許可・禁止 存在・関係
permission, prohibition existence, relation

研究・発表 合意・許可 存在 実行・持続


theme admit being attempt
thesis
approve survive manage
method
research allow lack accomplish
reference permit perform
<refer compromise 破壊 execute
presentation
confirm burst remain
科学・技術
smash continue
atomic
要求 pollute
chemical
material demand >pollution 特殊性・利便性
・raw material command ・environmental pollution common
electricity
technical
require collapse ・common sense
matter appeal collide ordinary
invention crash general
<invent 拒絶 explode precious
device
avoid wreck particular
equipment
telescope ban ruin regular
microscope prohibit destroy available
機能・方法・実験 deny practical
function reject つながり
condition
refuse tie 確実性
operate
behavior ignore unite definite
means neglect relate obvious
detail >relation evident
average 抵抗・制限
measure
prevent 包含 収集・廃棄
structure
phenomenon resist include gather
complex endure ⇔ exclude collect
survey
bear contain remove
sort
laboratory suppress occupy abandon
experiment suffer
conclusion ease 干渉・影響
・in conclusion
restrain influence
因果関係
barrier interfere
purpose
・on purpose intervene
aim
cause
⇔ effect
・side effect
result

13
派生

接頭辞 接尾辞

①否定を表す接頭辞 ①名詞を作る接尾辞
dis-: disappear, discount, disagree -er: foreigner, worker, user
in-(im-, ir-, il-): infinite, impossible, irregular, illegal -(e)ry: bravery, machinery
non-: nonsmoking, nonstop, nonsense -hood: childhood, neighborhood
un-: unfair, unexpected, unlike, untrue -ist: egoist, violinist, Buddhist
-ity: reality, security, activity
②数を表す接頭辞
-ment: achievement, appointment
uni-: unicorn, uniform -ness: brightness, cleverness, loneliness
mono-: monocycle, monotone -ship: leadership, membership, partnership
bi-: bicycle, bilingual -tion: a
 ction, confession, hesitation, competition
tri-: triangle, triathlon realization, recognition
multi-: multimedia, multicolor, multicultural -omy, -ology: astronomy, economy, psychology
③程度や大きさを表す接頭辞 ②形容詞を作る接尾辞
micro-: microfilm, microphone, microbus -able: readable, understandable, enjoyable
mini-: minicar, miniskirt -al: national, traditional, natural
over-: overeat, oversleep, overdo -ed: crooked, learned, deceased
under-: underestimate, undersized -ish: childish, foolish, selfish
super-: superman, supermarket -ful: cheerful, harmful, forgetful
-less: endless, careless, useless
④位置を表す接頭辞
-ly: lovely, weekly, friendly
fore-: forefinger, forehead -ous: anonymous, poisonous, mountainous
inter-: international, internet, interaction
mid-: midair, midland, midfield ③動詞を作る接尾辞
trans-: transatlantic, transform -en: darken, sharpen, widen
⑤時や順序を表す接頭辞 -(i)fy: classify, personify, falsify
-ize: socialize, customize, specialize
ex-: ex-president, ex-husband
fore-: forecast, foresee ④副詞を作る接尾辞
mid-: midnight, midday, midsummer -ly: hopefully, quickly, usually
pre-: prepay, pre-school, pre-war, preview -ward: backward, homeward
post-: post-war, postgraduate
re-: recover, recycle, reaction 語根
un-: unmask, unclothe astro(=star): astronaut, astronomy, disaster
⑥態度を表す接頭辞 aud(=hear): audio, audition, auditory
auto(=self): automobile, automatic, autograph
anti-: anti-war, anti-American bio(=life): biology, biography, biochemistry
co-: coworker, coexist, cooperate cred(=believe, trust): credit, credible
pro-: pro-American, pro-democracy dict(=speak): dictionary, predict, dictation
⑦好ましくないものを表す接頭辞 liber(=free): liberty, liberation
ling(=language): linguistics, bilingual
mal-: malpractice, maltreat, malnutrition logue, log(=speech): dialogue, prologue, catalogue
mis-: misfortune, misunderstand, mislead lum(=light): illumination, luminous
⑧品詞を変える接頭辞 min(=small): minimize, minimum
port(=carry): portable, import, export
a-: alive(動詞→形容詞)aloud(形容詞→副詞) scrip(=write): script, subscript, prescription
de-: deforest, declass(名詞→動詞) tele(=far): telescope, television, telepathy
dis-: disable(形容詞→動詞)discourage(名詞→動詞) temp(=time): temporary, contemporary
en-: encourage(名詞→動詞)enrich(形容詞→動詞) vid, vis(=see, sight): visual, vision, evident

 14
龍大生のための重要構文と熟語(龍じゅく)

Ⅰ 構文編

1.Itを含む構文
It is necessary (for you) to see a doctor at once.
It is true that she’ll leave for Rome next month.
It is doubtful whether he will come in time.
I think it certain that they will succeed. / I think it wrong to treat them like that.
It is no use trying to persuade his father.
It follows from what you say that he was not there at 7:00 p.m.
2.不定詞・分詞・動名詞を含む構文
I would rather take a taxi than walk.
I was too tired to work any more.
This carpet is big enough to cover the whole floor.
The President is to visit the place next year.
There is no telling what may happen tomorrow.
He was watching the scene, with his arms folded.
3.比較を表す構文
The higher up we went, the colder it got.
I like her all the better for her faults.
It is no more [less] than ten minutes’ walk from here.
She is pretty, and what is better, very kind.
4.強調を表す構文
Where on earth did you get that?
He is not looking well at all.
You are not disturbing me in the least.
5.接続詞・名詞節を含む構文
He not only reads, but also writes, poetry.
She can speak Chinese as well as English.
As far as I know, he is an honest person.
As the lion is king of beasts, so is the eagle king of birds.
As was expected, their team won the prize.
6.時・理由を表す構文
He went back to work as soon as he got over the flu.

15
No sooner had we started than it began to rain.
Now that you are grown up, you are responsible for what you do.
7.目的・結果を表す構文
They hang a stocking near the fireplace so that Santa Claus can fill it with gifts.
Her parents are so strict that she has to come home by 8 o’clock.
8.条件・譲歩などを表す構文
We must work as long as we live.
If it were not for water, there would be no life on the earth.
No matter how hard I tried, nothing worked.
9.否定を表す構文
You are the last person I expected to meet here.
We cannot be too careful when we cross a highway.
His report was far from satisfactory.
I see nothing but darkness ahead of me.
He is not a singer but a musician.
He looked so funny in his costume that we couldn’t help laughing.
The river is no longer as clean as it used to be.

Ⅱ 熟語編

1.量・程度
I didn’t have the slightest idea who that man was.
John’s total income didn’t amount to more than a few hundred dollars.
We ran out of gas right in the middle of the main street.
I’m kind of glad I didn’t win.
They were supposed to be in that room at eight every day.
My sister is likely to go to Canada with her husband next year.
I’m not much of a dancer.
2.情報付加
There will be live music and food, not to mention games and prizes.
I doubt Henman will make the finals, much less win.
He doesn’t even speak his own language well, let alone French.
Japanese culture has a lot in common with Chinese culture.
3.賛否
The Prime Minister spoke in favor of the proposal.

 16
Most of us are opposed to the death penalty.
He left her no property but he approved of her marriage.
Her request for a raise was turned down.
4.説明
Recent pressures at work may account for his odd behavior.
John seems to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.
I must point out that further delay would be unwise.
In many ways children live, as it were, in a different world from adults.
According to the Bible, God made the world in six days.
That man, in short, is not to be trusted.
Be sure to read the newspaper in order to keep up with what is going on in the world.
5.論理・論述
The lady at the front desk was either checking into the hotel or checking out of it.
That is the case with many of the students in this school.
It doesn’t matter what you wear, as long as you look tidy.
We should do something instead of just talking about it.
In spite of her riches, she wasn’t happy at all.
The drama is based on a real story.
What you’re saying doesn’t make sense.
6.人間関係
You can get in touch with him by email.
It seems they cannot get along with their new boss.
Let’s leave them alone for a while.
John and Mary had a quarrel and broke up.
I will look after the baby while you go to the movie.
I will stay home and take care of the baby.
He finally got through to his wife by telephone.
He has no friends to rely on.
7.感情
Your silly comments on accents are getting on my nerves.
I don’t feel like taking a walk today.
I can’t put up with the noise all day long.
We are looking forward to your visit with great pleasure.
Would you care for another glass of lemonade?
8.順序
At first I could not make out what he was trying to say.
All arrangements must be completed prior to your departure.

17
We seem to be having one problem after another.
9.時間
Now, for the time being, she is living with her father in New York.
Dinner will be ready right away.
Leave the room at once.
So far, no one has been able to find out who the man was.
You look pretty tired. Why don’t you take a day off?
He’s still waiting for his ship to come in.
That painting was successfully repaired in time for the opening of the exhibition.
10.出来事・行動
They carried out their plan with difficulty.
We never discovered what took place that night.
What brought about the quarrel between them?
I can do without this book till Monday.
He is in charge of the office while she is away.
Mary is busy studying for her exams.
You must get rid of the mice in our building.
You must not give in to his unreasonable demand.
Please help yourself to some cookies.
11.出現
We can always depend on John to come up with a good solution for any problem.
I came across a picture of you when I was going through my stuff.
My girlfriend never shows up on time.
12.手段・状況
It is difficult to express one’s thoughts by means of words.
He tends to think of everything in terms of money.
Nobody can get by on just ¥100,000 a month anymore.
I was accustomed to the noisy traffic.
The beautiful autumn made up for the wet summer.
Push the red button in case of emergency.
He finally got out of debt.
When I met my high school teacher by chance, I didn’t recognize her.
13.因果関係・目的
He was late due to the very heavy traffic.
He worked hard in order to keep his family in comfort.
Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.
He missed the audition on account of a traffic accident.

 18
辞書を使いこなそう

■ 正しい意味を選ぶために
1.単語の働きを知る>品詞の基礎知識
名詞 動詞 形容詞 副詞 前置詞 接続詞 代名詞 冠詞 間投詞
★品詞を調べてみよう
“Wow!” The boy cried excitedly because his new room had a really wonderful view of the lake.
2.名詞の可算・不可算( C U)countable/uncountable
① bookshelf ② furniture
※ C U 両方ある場合、意味の違いに注意
① beauty - beauties ② time-times ③ water-waters
3.動詞の自動詞・他動詞(自・他)
① You must pay your debt at once. Crime doesn’t pay.
② Tears ran down her face. He runs a karaoke bar.
4.語形変化
⑴ 名詞の複数形 ① phenomenon ② datum ③ stimulus
⑵ 動詞の過去形、過去分詞、現在分詞 ① bear ② drive ③ lie
5.1つの単語が複数の品詞の役割をもつ
① book(名詞・動詞)② fine(名詞・動詞)③ fire(名詞・動詞)④ fat(形容詞・名詞)
6.例文を読む効用
⑴ 使われ方を実感 ① as:
「~として、~のように、~のような」(前置詞)

「~なので、~するとき、~するように」(接続詞)
② for:「~にとって、~のために」
(前置詞)/「~だから」
(接続詞)
⑵ 語の組み合わせがわかる ★霧(fog)が濃いときに使われる形容詞は?
7.語の意味の表示: ※意味はよく使われる順に並べられている
★さまざまな意味とその順番を調べてみよう ① hot ② fair ③ letter
8.文法情報、文型に注意する(SV, SVC, SVO, SVOO, SVOC)
★文型を判断して意味を捉える
① He drives a Toyota. She drives me mad.
② They found the cat on the roof. I found the book interesting.
③ The man sells the tickets. He sold us the tickets. The tickets sold well.
9.イディオムを調べる
イディオムをどう調べるか ⇒ ※イディオムの中の名詞と動詞にポイント
① have to do with ② by chance ③ get along with ④ make a face

■■ 語彙を身につけるために
1.重要語に注意!:*、†など
★語の重要度を比べてみよう ① require ② manipulate ③ pandemic

19
2.派生語を調べる
① survive(「生き残る」)⇒名詞形 +「生存者」は? ② apologize ⇒名詞、形容詞
③ child ⇒形容詞2種(childlike, childish)※派生語の意味の違いに注意
3.同義語・類義語 ① scent – smell – odor ② road – street – lane ③ travel – trip – journey
4.反義語 ① stable ② legal ③ ordinary ④ majority ⑤ include
5.語源と語形成(接頭辞・接尾辞など)
:語源と語形成で応用力を付ける>単語力アップへの早道
⑴ 語源 ① sympathy ② octopus ③ centipede ④ telephone ⑤ boycott ⑥ tsunami
⑵ 語形成 en-, -en, -er ① enrich ② shorten ③ endangered species
④ fastener(fast-en-er) cf. fast asleep
a-, -ly ⑤ alone ⑥ lonely cf. lone wolf ⑦ asleep ⑧ abroad
-free ⑨ smoke-free area ⑩ sugar-free coffee

■■■ 辞書から得られる情報
1.発音: ※まず発音記号を覚えよう
⑴ カタカナ英語との違い: ① stadium ② theme
⑵ スペリングと発音: ① sign – signature ② thigh
⑶ 米音と英音の違い: ① schedule ② Los Angeles
2.アクセント、音節
⑴ アクセントの位置: ① guarantee ② comfortable ③ execute
⑵ カタカナ語との違い: ① career ② shampoo
⑶ 品詞による違い: ① desert ② present ③ export
3.単語の使われ方、使われる状況:どんな人が、どんな場合に使うのか?
⑴ 地域による差、アメリカ英語、イギリス英語など、《米》《英》:
① subway - underground ② elevator – lift ③ 10 bucks ④ telly
⑵ 社会的集団、《小児》《学生》:① kitty ② daddy
⑶ 文体、あらたまった使い方、崩れた使い方、《正式》《話》《俗》:① comprehend ② guy
⑷ 専門分野:《医》《野球》: ① pneumonia ② southpaw

■■■■ 辞書の種類
紙の辞書・電子辞書 英英辞典・英和辞典・和英辞典 大辞典・中辞典・小辞典 などなど
⇒英英辞典に挑戦!
★説明している単語は何か?
① the direction from which the sun rises
② a person whose profession is to attend to and treat sick people
★英英辞典の説明をみてみよう
① right
(右) ② jump ③ library
★ある単語を英語で説明してから、
英英辞典の説明と比べてみよう
(※会話、
作文の練習になる!)
① February ② dictionary ③ cousin

 20
龍谷大学で英語を学ぶためのリソース集
~授業以外でもいろいろな形で英語を学ぶことができます~
龍谷大学瀬田学舎
(先端理工学部/理工学部・社会学部・農学部)
では、英語総合1
(A・B)

英語総合2
(A・B)
、英語総合3、英語総合4
(必修6単位)に加え、英語セミナーや海外
英語研修を選択で履修することができます。また、正規の授業以外にも、英語に親しみ、
英語の学習を深めるさまざまな機会が用意されています。
語学の上達には、なによりも日頃の地道な努力の積み重ねが重要です。在学中の4年間
を通じ、みなさんの関心や目的に応じて、学内で利用できるリソースを有効に活用してく
ださい。

海外で学ぶ
最新情報はグローバル教育推進センターからの案内を参照してください。

( )
龍谷大学の教育・研究の海外拠点を活用して展開される「英語学習」「企業等におけるService Learning(ボランティ
ア活動)
」「英語による講義」を組み合わせた留学プログラムです。5週間のプログラムと1セメスターのプログラム
の2種類があります。
このRI Program留学では、現地には日本人スタッフがおり、龍大生の留学をサポートします。詳しくはグローバル教
育推進センター窓口(智光館2階)でご相談ください。HPにも情報が掲載されています。(応募者には、面接等による
選考があります。)

1.安心のサポート体制
RI Program留学の特徴 日本人スタッフによる手厚いサポート
2.龍谷大学が開発したプログラム
【語学研修+英語による講義+企業等におけるService Learning
(ボランティア活動) 】という本学独自のプログラム
3.単位認定あり
帰 国後に単位認定がおこなわれるため、4年間で卒業可能
(詳細は所属学部教務課に確認すること)
4.留学費用が安い
Semester Programは本学の学費と現地での生活費、渡航費
5-week Programの場合は授業料の一部を本学が補助
5.奨学金制度あり
成績優秀者には奨学金を給付

HPやポータルサイト以外にも、グローバル教育推進センター公式SNSで随時情報発信を行っています。気になる方は
ぜひフォローしてみてください。
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ryukoku.university.r_globe/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/rglobe.ryukoku.7/
X: https://twitter.com/ryukokuglobal

21
その他の国際交流プログラム
上記以外にも、相互交換協定を結ぶ大学での1年間の長期交換留学など各種の国際交流プログラムがあります。短期
留学プログラムとして「海外英語研修」(※単位認定有)や「グローバル人材育成プログラム」もあります。詳しくは
グローバル教育推進センター窓口(智光館2階)またはHPでご確認ください。(https://intl.ryukoku.ac.jp)
また、グローバル教育推進センターが発行している『龍谷大学留学ガイド』には、プログラムの内容、手続き、費用
などのほか、留学した学生の体験記など、参考になる記事がたくさん載っています。

※英語コミュニケーション力を向上できる環境として智光館2Fに「グローバルコモンズ」が開設されてい
ます。スピーキングブースや個人ブースを設置した「ランゲージスタディエリア」を含む「グローバルラ
ウンジ」が整備され、多様な学びに対応できるスペースがあります。2022年度に新設されたグローバル
ラウンジ&キッチンでは、イングリッシュラウンジ(無料英会話レッスン)も引き続き実施されますので、
ぜひとも活用してください。

図書館を利用する
図書館には、辞書や文法書以外にも、英字新聞やレベル別の英語多読教材、TOEIC やTOEFL の参考書等がそろっています。
映画やドキュメンタリーのDVDが多数ありますので、視聴覚コーナーで、楽しみながら英語に親しんでください。また、自
宅からでもご利用いただける英語多読用のebookも多数用意しています。利用方法は図書館までお気軽にお尋ねください。
(https://library.ryukoku.ac.jp)

本館B1 本館1F 本館2F 新館1F 新館2F


NHKラジオ講座テキスト
TOEIC 、TOEFL 洋書
(CDも貸出可)
辞典、単語、文法、 視聴覚資料 洋書
英字新聞 キャリアアップコーナー
ライティング、英会話 (視聴覚コーナーで利用し 英語多読教材
学習雑誌
英語多読教材 てください。)
TIME, English Journal 等

eラーニングを利用する
eラーニングとは、
「ICT を活用して行う学習」を意味し、インターネットが利用できるコンピューター等があればいつでも
どこでも学習することが可能で、ご自身の理解度に応じて学習を進めることができます。
manaba course の「自学自習コース」にて英語学習・TOEIC 対策用eラーニングコンテンツを利用することができます。
ポータルサイト>情報環境>manaba course からアクセスしてご利用ください。
利用の前には自学自習コースのコースニュースを確認してください。

 22
英語の能力を測る
TOEIC-IPおよびTOEFL-ITPテストを大学内(深草学舎のみ)で受験することができます。
TOEIC-IPとはTOEIC の団体受験制度、TOEFL-ITPとはTOEFL の団体受験制度です。テスト形式、
採点方法は、それぞれの公開テスト
と同じです。年間数回実施する予定ですので、英語力測定のために受験を考えている人は、スケジュールに合わせて準備しましょう。
(日程は、学部や生協の掲示板・HP等で確認してください。申込受付は、生協のカウンターにて行います。 )

インターネット利用
インターネット上には、無料で使用できる英語学習のためのリソースが、数多く公開されています
(オンライン辞典・コーパスなど)

授業の準備や各種の調べものに活用しましょう。
また、新聞社や放送局のサイトから、最新の英語ニュースを見る(聴く)ことができます。好きなスポーツの結果や話題の映画
の情報など、自分の興味のあるものから気軽に英語の情報に触れてみましょう。

グローバルパスポートを活用する
龍谷大学では、本物のパスポートそっくりな「グローバルパスポート」を配布しています。
このグローバルパスポートには、グローバル教育推進センターが提供するグローバルコモンズを中
心に展開されるプログラムやイベント、自律的学習支援施設等を利用することによってポイントが
付与されます。
グローバルコモンズでのイベント参加時、ランゲージスタディエリア利用時に提示して、スタンプ
を押してもらってください。1スタンプが1ポイントとしてカウントされます。ポイントを貯める
ことによって、
語学検定試験の受験料補助の特典もあります!グローバルコモンズを訪れる際には、
必ず携帯してください。
忘れた時には、ポイントを付与できないため、注意してください。
【問い合わせ先:グローバル教育推進センター事務部(智光館2階)】

ランゲージスタディエリア(Language Study Area)を利用する


個人のレベル・ニーズに応じた様々な語学学習が可能な他、TOEFL 、TOEIC 、IELTSTM等の各種資格試験対策、語学学習が集
中してできるスペースです。各種語学試験対策に関する教材を豊富に取りそろえており、落ち着いた環境で勉強に取り組めます。
(場所:深草 和顔館1F、瀬田 智光館2F)

23
英語力向上のための ─

基本学習事項 ― 文法・単語・構文・熟語

発行:2 0 2 4 年 4 月 1 日

編著:龍谷大学英語科目部会(瀬田)
〒520-2194
滋賀県大津市瀬田大江町横谷 1 - 5
TEL 077-544-7266
FAX 077-543-7674

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