PRACTICE TEST 60 FOR 9.

1, 2024
SECTION A. LISTENING
Part 1. You are going to hear a talk. As you listen, fill in the missing information. For questions 1-15,
write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS in the spaces provided.
Somewhere right now, people are lining up to (1)_________________________, maybe with a thrill ride
or horror movie. In fact, in October of 2015 alone, about 28 million people visited a haunted house in
the U.S. But many consider this behavior (2)______________________, asking the question, "What could
possibly be fun about being scared?"
Fear has (3)______________________, but it's not all bad. For starters, fear can actually feel pretty good.
When a threat triggers our fight or flight response, our bodies prepare for danger by releasing chemicals that
change how our brains and bodies function. This automatic response
(4)______________________systems that can aid in survival. They do this by making sure we have enough
energy and are protected from feeling pain, while shutting down
(5)______________________, like critical thought. Feeling pain-free and energized, while not getting caught
up in (6)______________________ that normally occupy our brains, that all sounds great, and it can be
because this response is similar, though not exactly the same to what we experience in positive, high-arousal
states, like excitement, happiness, and even during sex. The difference lays in (7)______________________.
If we're in real danger, we're focused on survival, not fun. But when we trigger this high arousal response in a safe
place, we can switch over to enjoying the natural high of being scared. It's why people on roller coasters can go
from screaming to laughing within moments. Your body is already in a (8)______________________.You're just
relabeling the experience.
And though the threat response is universal, research shows differences between individuals in how the
chemicals associated with the threat response work. This explains why some are more prone to thrill-seeking
than others. Other normal (9)______________________ explain why some may love the dizziness
associated with a loop-de-loop, while loathing the stomach-drop sensation of a steep roller coaster, or why
some squeal with delight inside a haunted house, but retreat in terror if taken to an actual cemetery.
Fear brings more than just a fun, natural high. Doing things that we're afraid of can give us a nice
(10)______________________. Like any personal challenge, whether it's running a race or finishing a long
book, when we make it through to the end, we feel a sense of accomplishment. This is true even if we know
we're not really in any danger. Our thinking brains may know the zombies aren't real, but our bodies tell us
otherwise. The fear feels real, so when we make it through alive, the satisfaction and sense of
accomplishment also feel real. This is a great (11) ______________________
adaptation. Those who had the right balance of bravery and wit to know when to push through the fear and
when to retreat were rewarded with survival, new food, and new lands.
Finally, fear can bring people together. Emotions can be (12)______________________, and when you
see your friend scream and laugh, you feel compelled to do the same. This is because we make sense of
what our friends are experiencing by (13)______________________ the experience ourselves. In fact, the
parts of the brain that are active when our friend screams are active in us when we watch them. This not only
(14) ______________________ our own emotional experience, but makes us feel closer to those we're with.
The feeling of closeness during times of fear is aided by (15)______________________ oxytocin released
during fight or flight. Fear is a powerful emotional experience, and anything that triggers a strong reaction is
going to be stored in our memory really well. You don't want to forget what can hurt you. So if your memory of
watching a horror film with your friends is positive and left you with a sense of satisfaction, then you'll want to do
it over and over again.

Part 2. You will hear an interview with a man called Clyde Wilson, a solo sailor who has crossed both
the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans alone in a small sailing boat. For questions 1-5, choose the answer
(A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

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1. What does Clyde say about his motivations for solo sailing?
A. He was inspired to do it by a relative. B. He has sought different rewards over time.
C. He was challenged by the technical difficulties. D. He has always wanted to set new sailing records.
2. Clyde tried to avoid accidents by
A. avoiding storms and bad weather B. wearing special protective clothing.
C. staying in the cabin during bad weather. D. learning to move about in a certain way.
3. When Clyde talks about the biggest danger he's faced, he
A. corrects a misconception about solo sailing.
B. gives the example of one dangerous storm.
C. argues that the ocean is as dangerous as it ever was.
D. admits that ocean sailing was more dangerous than he'd expected.
4. How does Clyde describe the fear he's experienced at sea?
A. There have been occasional times of great terror.
B. His experiences of fear have diminished over time.
C. He experiences constant low-level anxiety at sea.
D. As he gets older he feels afraid more often.
5. Clyde says that the most special times of a voyage are
A. losing sight of land. B. sunrise and sunset. C. the night time. D. the first sight of land.
SECTION B. LEXICO – GRAMMAR (30 points)
Part 1. For questions 1-12, choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. The choir stood in four rows according to their ______ heights.
A. respected B. respective C. respectable D. respectful
2. The likelihood of finding two identical snowflakes is ______ small.
A. ridiculously B. funnily C. bitterly D. outstandingly
3. They ordered that for every tree cut out two more ______.
A. planted B. are planted C. be planted D. were planted
4. Many people ______ having to pay so much VAT on whatever they buy.
A. object B. estimate C. annoy D. reject
5. The ____ of the research into the use of painkillers was to prove that many of them are addictive.
A. outcome B. effect C. sequel D. influence
6. Of ______ can it truly be said that they have never been dishonest?
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
7. You could tell that the speaker was nervous from her ____ voice.
A. husky B. monotonous C. deep D. wobbly
8. Rarely have I visited _____ Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia.
A. as a beautiful city as B. as beautiful as the city
C. as beautiful a city as D. as a city as beautiful as
9. John decided to _____ his dream of becoming a doctor and quit his current job.
A. put aside B. go through with C. come down to D. burn away
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to indicate the words CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
words in the following question.
10. That politician appeared to be a puppet, with someone else pulling the strings.
A. making the decisions B. controlling the actions
C. providing the money D. giving the orders

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Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to indicate the word OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word in the following question.
11. She gave such an impeccable reading of the sonata that the audience stand up with rounds of
applause.
A. imperfect B. flawless C. negative D. spoiled
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best completes the following
exchange.
12. Mark and Natasha are talking about travelling.
Mark: “I spend most of my life travelling, moving from one hotel to another.” - Natasha: “_____”
A. Poor you! You spent a whole day on the road.
B. Really? I prefer to go somewhere a bit quieter, off the beaten track.
C. I would hate to live out of a suitcase like that.
D. Wow, I didn’t realize you were such a globetrotter!
Part 2. Read the passage below, which contains 10 mistakes. For questions 13-22, identify the
mistakes and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10pts)
Line
1 'Appropriate technology' is technology which suits the needs and abilities of the users and
2 also takes in account environmental and cost considerations. For this reason, it is often
3 founded in rural communities in developing or more industrialized countries. Examples
include: solar-powered lamps that bring light to areas with no electricity and water purifiers
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who work simply by the action of sucking through a straw. But the principal of appropriate
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technology does not only apply to developing countries. It also has its place in the developed
6 world. For example, a Swedish state-owning company, Jernhuset, has found a way to use
7 an energy produced each day by the 250,000 bodies rushing through Stockholm's central
8 train station. Its body heat is absorbed by the building's ventilation system, then used to warm
9 up water that pumped through pipes and heats a new office building nearby. It's old
10 technology - a system of pipes, water and pumps - but used in a new way and it is expected
11 to break down central heating costs in the building by up to twenty per cent.

Your answers:
Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction
13. 18.
14. 19.
15. 20.
16. 21.
17. 22.

Part 3. For questions 23-30, use the correct form of the given words to complete the text below.
Once upon a time it was considered (23)______________ (GENTLE) for men to open doors for women – but
nowadays, there’s a danger that the gesture might actually be (24)_____________(INTERPRET). Is it
acceptable to suggest a woman’s (25)____________ (CAPABLE) of opening the door for herself?
For many Asian people, blowing your nose in public is seen not only as (26)________________(HYGIENE)
- just think of all those germs flying into the air – but as something which is actually
(27)___________________(OFFEND) : so if in doubt ... sniff!
Is it OK for teachers to wear jeans and a T-shirt to class? Teachers who want to create the impression that
they are relaxed and (28)___________________ (APPROACH) might think so, but some students do

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consider it (29)_________________(PROFESSION) to come to class casually dressed, and such a casual
attitude might even be seen as (30)________________(RESPECT) to those students who expect their
teachers to dress smartly.

SECTION C. READING
Part 1. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
ICI colour consultant Jack Widgery painted one police interview room light green, and another (1)___ red.
Subsequently, the police found that suspects (2)___ statements more quickly when they were in the red
room, again (3)___ the idea that too much red (4)___ a feeling of being pressurised. The soft green room
was for interviewing victims and their families, and there are many (5)___ of light colours being used to
(6)___ feelings and encourage relaxation.
Some institutions in the USA have special pink areas to cool the (7)___ of angry prisoners, service recruits
and patients. Soft blues, greens and beiges seem to be (8)___ and hospitals, schools and dentists are
beginning to take this into consideration when choosing colour (9)___.
An airline which (10)___ from a yellow and brown interior scheme to one (11)___ green and blue reported a
forty-five per cent decrease in airsickness. (12)___ the workplace is the biggest challenge: (13)___ too much
nor too little energy will do. The (14)___ fashion for grey with a few details in brighter colours may be a good
(15)___.
1. A heavy B strong C lively D sharp
2. A gave B said C admitted D spoke
3. A enforcing B encountering C endangering D engaging
4. A makes B leads C has D creates
5. A ways B occasions C examples D demonstrations
6. A play up B play down C run up D run down
7. A tempers B moods C personalities D senses
8. A sleepy B leisurely C tiring D restful
9. A codes B schemes C plans D wheels
10. A changed B turned C adapted D altered
11. A by B for C from D of
12. A However B Nevertheless C But D Despite
13. A never B nor C no D neither
14. A current B nowadays C actual D instant
15. A result B system C solution D way
Part 2. For questions 16-30, fill in the gap with ONE suitable word.
In 1948, Garry Davis, a former American actor and B-17 bomber pilot went to the US Embassy in Paris
and declared that he (16) ____________ longer wished to be an American citizen but a citizen of the world.
(17)____________ been through the Second World War, he could not (18)____________
the thought of a third world war, which threatened as the Cold War (19)____________ East and West started
to ignite. He went to the UN General Assembly and demanded (20) ____________ should become a single
world government, for the whole of the planet. His ideas gained many supporters, (21) ____________ Albert
Schweitzer and Albert Camus. He founded the World Government of World Citizens, along with the World
Service Authority (WSA) in 1953 in Ellsworth, Maine, USA. Today anyone can apply for a World Passport,
(22) ____________ they fill in the application form and send in their payment. The cheapest passport is for
three years and costs $45; the most expensive is a World Donor Passport, which lasts for fifteen years and
is only issued on a donation of at (23) ____________ $4,000 to the World Refugee Fund, which helps WSA
provide documents for needy refugees. A World Passport does not supersede a person’s (24)_____________
passport, which, by nature, is exclusive, in (25) ____________ to a World Passport, which is wholly inclusive.
It represents the ideal that we are all human beings who belong to one big family (26) ____________ of
belonging to sovereign states which are constantly vying for predominance. (27) ____________ Garry Davis’
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own words, ‘The world passport opens the door. Anyone can get it. Everyone is a human being, everyone
has a right to travel.’ However, not every nation accepts the passport, (28) ____________ there is evidence
that more than 160 nations have stamped World Passports at some time or another, (29) ____________ a
case-by-case basis. Garry Davis died aged 92 in 2013, without seeing his dream of a peaceful world come
true. (30)____________ his death, his dreams are not forgotten and the organisation he created still carries
his message to the world.
Part 3. For questions 31-37, read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).
The National Automobile Show in New York has been one of the top auto shows in the United
States since 1900. On November 3 of that year, about 8,000 people looked over the “horseless
carriages.” It was opening day and the first opportunity for the automobile industry to show off its wares to a
large crowd; however, the black-tie audience treated the occasion more as a social affair than as a sales
extravaganza. It was also on the first day of this show that William McKinley became the first U.S. president
to ride in a car.
The automobile was not invented in the United States. That distinction belongs to Germany. Nikolaus
Otto built the first practical internal-combustion engine there in 1876. Then, German engineer Karl Benz built
what are regarded as the first modern automobiles in the mid-1880s. But the United States pioneered the
merchandising of the automobile. The auto show proved to be an effective means of getting the public excited
about automotive products.
By happenstance, the number of people at the first New York show equaled the entire car
population of the United States at that time. In 1900, 10 million bicycles and an unknown number of horse-
drawn carriages provided the prime means of personal transportation. Only about 4,000 cars were assembled
in the United States in 1900, and only a quarter of those were gasoline powered. The rest ran on steam or
electricity.
After viewing the cars made by forty car makers, the show’s audience favored electric cars
because they were quiet. The risk of a boiler explosion turned people away from steamers, and the gasoline-
powered cars produced smelly fumes. The Duryea Motor Wagon Company, which launched the American
auto industry in 1895, offered a fragrant additive designed to mask the smells of the naphtha that it burned.
Many of the 1900 models were cumbersome—the Gasmobile, the Franklin, and the Orient, for example,
steered with a tiller like a boat instead of with a steering wheel. None of them was equipped with an automatic
starter.
These early model cars were practically handmade and were not very dependable. (1) They
were basically toys of the well-to-do. (2) In fact, Woodrow Wilson, then a professor at Princeton
University and later President of the United States, predicted that automobiles would cause
conflict between the wealthy and the poor. (3) However, among the exhibitors at the 1900 show was a young
engineer named Henry Ford. (4) But before the end of the decade, he would revolutionize the automobile
industry with his Model T Ford. The Model T, first produced in 1909, featured a standardized design and a
streamlined method of production—the assembly line. Its lower costs made it available to the mass market.
Cars at the 1900 show ranged in price from $1,000 to $1,500, or roughly $14,000 to $21,000
in today’s prices. By 1913, the Model T was selling for less than $300, and soon the price would drop even
further. “I will build cars for the multitudes,” Ford said, and he kept his promise.
31. The passage implies that the audience viewed the 1900 National Automobile Show primarily as a(n)
A. formal social occasion.
B. chance to buy automobiles at low prices.
C. opportunity to learn how to drive.
D. chance to invest in one of thirty-two automobile manufacturers.
32. According to the passage, who developed the first modern car?
A. Karl Benz B. Nikolaus Otto C. William McKinley D. Henry Ford
33. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “By happenstance” in paragraph 3?
A. Generally B. For example C. Coincidentally D. By design

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34. Approximately how many cars were there in the United States in 1900?
A. 4,000 B. 8,000 C. 10 million D. An unknown number
35. The purpose of the additive mentioned in paragraph 4 was to
A. increase the speed of cars. B. make engines run more efficiently.
C. hide strong smells. D. make cars look better.
36. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as steering with a tiller rather than with a
steering wheel?
A. A Franklin B. A Duryea C. An Orient D. A Gasmobile
37. The following sentence can be added to paragraph 5.
The cars he exhibited at the 1900 show apparently attracted no special notice.
Where would it best fit in the paragraph?
A. (1) B. (2) C. (3) D. (4)
Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow (26pts)
FOSSIL FILES: “The Paleobiology Database”
A. Are we now living through the sixth extinction as our own activities destroy ecosystems and wipe out
diversity? That’s the doomsday scenario painted by many ecologists, and they may well be right. The trouble
is we don’t know for sure because we don’t have a clear picture of how life changes between extinction events
or what has happened in previous episodes. We don’t even know how many species are alive today, let alone
the rate at which they are becoming extinct. A new project aims to fill some of the gaps. The Paleobiology
Database aspires to be an online repository of information about every fossil ever dug up. It is a huge
undertaking that has been described as biodiversity’s equivalent of the Human Genome Project. Its
organizers hope that by recording the history of biodiversity they will gain an insight into how environmental
changes have shaped life on Earth in the past and how they might do so in the future. The database may
even indicate whether life can rebound no matter what we throw at it, or whether a human induced extinction
could be without parallel, changing the rules that have applied throughout the rest of the planet’s history.
B. But already the project is attracting harsh criticism. Some experts believe it to be seriously flawed. They
point out that a database is only as good as the data fed into it, and that even if all the current fossil finds
were catalogued, they would provide an incomplete inventory of life because we are far from discovering
every fossilised species. They say that researchers should get up from their computers and get back into the
dirt to dig up new fossils. Others are more sceptical still, arguing that we can never get the full picture because
the fossil record is riddled with holes and biases.
C. Fans of the Paleobiology Database acknowledge that the fossil record will always be incomplete. But they
see value in looking for global patterns that show relative changes in biodiversity. “The fossil record is the
best tool we have for understanding how diversity and extinction work in normal times,” says John Alroy from
the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in Santa Barbara. “Having a background extinction
estimate gives US a benchmark for understanding the mass extinction that’s currently under way. It allows
us to say just how bad it is in relative terms.”
D. To this end, the Paleobiology Database aims to be the most thorough attempt yet to come up with good
global diversity curves. Every day between 10 and 15 scientists around the world add information about fossil
finds to the database. Since it got up and running in 1998, scientists have entered almost 340,000 specimens,
ranging from plants to whales to insects to dinosaurs to sea urchins. Overall totals are updated hourly
at www.paleodb.org. Anyone can download data from the public part of the site and play with the numbers to
their heart’s content. Already, the database has thrown up some surprising results. Looking at the big picture,
Alroy and his colleagues believe they have found evidence that biodiversity reached a plateau long ago,
contrary to the received wisdom that species numbers have increased continuously between extinction
events. “The traditional view is that diversity has gone up and up and up,” he says. “Our research is showing
that diversity limits were approached many tens of millions of years before the dinosaurs evolved, much less
suffered extinction.” This suggests that only a certain number of species can live on Earth at a time, filling a
prescribed number of niches like spaces in a multi-storey car park. Once it’s full, no more new species can

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squeeze in, until extinctions free up new spaces or something rare and catastrophic adds a new floor to the
car park.
E. Alroy has also used the database to reassess the accuracy of species names. His findings suggest that
irregularities in classification inflate the overall number of species in the fossil record by between 32 and 44
per cent. Single species often end up with several names, he says, due to misidentification or poor
communication between taxonomists in different countries. Repetition like this can distort diversity curves. “If
you have really bad taxonomy in one short interval, it will look like a diversity spike—a big diversification
followed by a big extinction-when all that has happened is a change in the quality of names,” says Alroy. For
example, his statistical analysis indicates that of the 4861 North American fossil mammal species catalogued
in the database, between 24 and 31 per cent will eventually prove to be duplicates.
F. Of course, the fossil record is undeniably patchy. Some places and times have left behind more fossil-filled
rocks than others. Some have been sampled more thoroughly. And certain kinds of creatures—those with
hard parts that lived in oceans, for example–are more likely to leave a record behind, while others, like
jellyfish, will always remain a mystery. Alroy has also tried to account for this. He estimates, for example, that
only 41 per cent of North American mammals that have ever lived are known from fossils, and he suspects
that a similar proportion of fossils are missing from other groups, such as fungi and insects.
G. Not everyone is impressed with such mathematical wizardry. Jonathan Adrain from the University of Iowa
in Iowa City points out that statistical wrangling has been known to create mass extinctions where none
occurred. It is easy to misinterpret data. For example, changes in sea level or inconsistent sampling methods
can mimic major changes in biodiversity. Indeed, a recent and thorough examination of the literature on
marine bivalve fossils has convinced David Jablonsky from the University of Chicago and his colleagues that
their diversity has increased steadily over the past 5 million years.
H. With an inventory of all living species, ecologists could start to put the current biodiversity crisis in historical
perspective. Although creating such a list would be a task to rival even the Palaeobiology Database, it is
exactly what the San Francisco-based ALL Species Foundation hopes to achieve in the next 25 years. The
effort is essential, says Harvard biologist Edward o. Wilson, who is alarmed by current rates of extinction.
“There is a crisis. We’ve begun to measure it, and it’s very high,” Wilson says. “We need this kind of
information in much more detail to protect all of biodiversity, not just the ones we know well.” Let the counting
continue.
Questions 38-43: The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-F
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list below. Write the correct number, i-vii,
in the corresponding numbered boxes.
List of Headings
i. Potential error exists in the database
ii. Supporters of the database clarify its value
iii. The purpose of the Paleobiology Database
iv. Reason why some certain species were not included
v. Duplication of breed but with different names
vi. Achievements of Paleobiology Database
vii. Criticism on the fund-wasting project
38 Paragraph A 39 Paragraph B 40 Paragraph C
41 Paragraph D 42 Paragraph E 43 Paragraph F
Questions 44-46: Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-D) with opinions or
deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-D in the corresponding numbered boxes.
A. Jonathan Adrain B. John Alroy
C. David Jablonsky D. Edward o. Wilson
44 Creating the Database would help scientist to identify connections of all species
45 Believed that contribution of detailed statistics should cover beyond the known species

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46 Reached a contradictory finding to the tremendous species die-out
Questions 47-48: Choose TWO correct letters which indicate the correct descriptions about The
Paleobiology Database in the passage. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
A almost all the experts welcome this project
B intrigues both positive and negative opinions from various experts
C all different creatures in the database have unique name
D aims to embrace all fossil information globally
E gets more information from record rather than the field
Question 49-50: Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes.
49. According to the passage, jellyfish belongs to which category of The Paleobiology Database?
A repetition breed
B untraceable species
C specifically detailed species
D currently living creature
50. What is the author’s suggestion according to the end of passage?
A continue to complete counting the number of species in the Paleobiology Database
B stop contributing The Paleobiology Database
C try to create a database of living creature
D study more in the field rather than in the book
SECTION D. WRITING
Part 1. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one. Use the
word given in capital letters and the word mustn’t be altered in any way. (20pts)
1. My younger sister makes much of eating healthy food. ATTACHES
 My younger sister ______________________________________________eating healthy food.
2. Mandy is far superior to me in terms of technical knowledge. MATCH
 When it comes to______________________________________________________ for Mandy.
3. When they started their trek, they had no idea how bad the weather would become. OUTSET
 Nobody realized ______________________________trek how bad the weather would become.
4. Julia isn’t to blame for the negligence by any means. NO
 By __________________________________________________________for the negligence.
5. Parker feels uneasy whenever he has to dine with his colleagues. ALWAYS
 Having to _________________________________________________________ feel uneasy.
6. I have a lot of respect for her writing style, yet I do not agree with her opinions. AS
 Much ____________________________________________, I do not agree with her opinions.
7. We delayed making public announcement until we had finished confirming the truth. SOONER
 No ________________________________________________ we made public announcement.
8. Many people will congratulate Vietnam if the country’s national football team wins. SHOWERED
 Vietnam _____________________________ if the country’s national football team wins.
9. It is impossible to predict how long it will take to do this. TELLING
 There __________________________________________ how long it will take to do this.
10. “I admit that I turned off the alarm system” said Helen. CONFESSED
 Helen _________________________________________________________ the alarm system.