2024-QUIZ

Bonding education Chem Quiz

(Topic 8 Quiz Set 1-3)

minutes

INSTRUCTIONS

1.For MC questions,All questions carry equal marks

2.Some questions from PastPaper/Mock/tradition school exercise

rectified.

3.DO NOT Share to ANYONE , Respect Copyright.

Marks:

1
1. 化合物的標準生成焓變必定是負值。 在標準條件下，化合物必然在能量上較它
的組成元素穩定。

2. The standard enthalpy change of formation Under standard conditions, a compound must be
of a compound must be a negative value. energetically more stable than its constituent
elements.

2
2
.The enthalpy change of formation of MgCO3(s) can be obtained using an indirect method. Firstly, the
enthalpy change for the reaction of MgCO3(s) with H2SO4(aq), and that of Mg(s)with H2SO4(aq)
are respectively determined experimentally. After that, the enthalpy change of formation of
MgCO3(s)can be obtained through calculation with given enthalpy changes of formation of
CO2(g) and H2O(l).
(a) According to definition, under which condition could the ‘heat change’ of a reaction be
regarded the ‘enthalpy change’?

(1 mark)
(b) Explain why, instead of a direct method, an indirect method is used to obtain the enthalpy
change of formation of Mg(s).

(1mark)
(c) In order to determine experimentally the enthalpy change for the reaction of MgCO3(s) with
H2SO4(aq), an accurate mass of MgCO3(s) was firstly allowed to react with excess H2SO4(aq)
in a polystyrene foam cup. The maximum rise in temperature of the mixture was then
found. After calculation, the enthalpy change for the reaction can be obtained.
(i) Suggest one possible error for the above experimental procedure.

(ii) Explain whether the enthalpy change for the reaction of CaCO3(s) with H2SO4(aq) can be
obtained using a similar experimental procedure.

(2 marks)

3
(d) Using the information given below, calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of
MgCO3(s).
Standard enthalpy change for the reaction of
MgCO3(s)with H2SO4(aq)
= -50 kJ mol-1

Standard enthalpy change for the reaction of Mg(s)with

H2SO4(aq)
= -467 kJ mol-1

Standard enthalpy change of formation of CO2(g) = -394kJ mol-1

Standard enthalpy change of formation of H2O(l) = -286kJ mol-1

(3 marks)

4
2.
利用間接方法可求 MgCO3(s)的生成焓變。首先透過實驗，分别测定 MgCO3(s)與 H2SO4(aq)，以
及 Mg(s)與 H2SO4(aq)各反應的焓變。接着再從已知的 CO2(g)及 H2O（l）的生成焓變，經運
算後便可求 MgCO3(s)的生成焓變。

（a）根據定義，在哪條件下，反應的「熱變」可被視為「焓變」？

（1 分）

（b）解釋為什麼用間接方法而非直接方法來求 MgCO3(s)的生成焓變。

（1 分）

（c）為於實驗上测定 MgCO3(s)與 H2SO4(aq)的反應焓變，先讓準確質量的 MgCO3(s)與遁邊

量 H2SO4(aq)在發泡聚苯乙烯杯子内起反應，然後找出混合物的升溫最大值。經運算
後，便可求該反應焓變。

（i）提出上述實驗步的一項可能誤差。

（ii）解釋是否可用相若的實驗步驗來求 CaCO3(s)與 H2SO4(aq)的反應焓變。

（2 分）

5
（d） 利用下列所給的資料，計算 MgCO3(s)的棵準生成焓變。

MgCO3(s)與 H2SO4(aq)的標準反應焓變 = -50 kJ mol-1

Mg(s)與 H2SO4(aq)的模準反應焓變 = -467 kJ mol-1
CO2(g)的標準生成焓變 = -394kJ mol-1
H2O(l)標準生成焓變 = -286kJ mol-1

（3 分）

6
2. (a) constant pressure 1
(b) It is very difficult for Mg(s), C(s) and O2(g) to react directly to form MgCO3(s). 1
(c) (i) Heat loss to surrounding/PS cup absorbs heat. 1
(ii) No, because insoluble CaSO4 will be formed. 1
(d) Standard 3
enthalpy
change/
kJ mol-1

MgCO3 (s)+H 2SO 4 (aq) ® MgSO 4 (aq) + H 2O(l)+CO 2 (g) -50

Mg(s)+H 2SO 4 (aq) ® MgSO 4 (aq) + H 2 (g) -467

C(s)+O 2 (g) ® CO 2 (g) -394

H 2 (g)+ 1 O 2 (g) ® H 2 O(l) -286

2

Mg(s)+C(s) + 3 O 2 ® MgCO3 (s) y

2
y - 50 = -467 - 394 - 286

y = -1097 kJ mol-1

7
1.
Natural gas is an important energy source for electricity generation. It contains mainly methane
(CH4).
(a) Write the general formula of the molecules in the homologous series that methane belongs
to.

(1 mark)
(b) The combustion of methane is an exothermic reaction. Its chemical equation is shown
below:

CH 4 (g)+2O 2 (g) ® CO(g)+2H 2 O(l)

(i) Complete the table below by stating all the covalent bond (s) that are broken and
formed during the combustion of methane.

Covalent bond(s)
broken

Covalent bond(s)
formed

(ii) Suggest why the combustion is exothermic in terms of the breaking and forming ofa
covalent bonds.

8
 (iii) Calculate the standard enthalpy change of combustion of methane.
(Standard enthalpy changes of formation:
-1 -1
CH4(g)= -748 kJ mol ; CO2(g) = -3935 kJ mol ;

H2O(l) = -2859 kJ mol-1 )

(5 marks)
(c) Some regions tend to generate electricity more by natural gas but less by coal Give TWO reasons
from environmental protection consideration.

(2 marks)

9
1.

天然氣是發電的一個重要能源，它主要含有甲烷（CH4）
。

（a）寫出甲烷所屬的同系列的分子的通式。

（1 分）

（b）甲烷的燃燒是一放熱反應，它的化學方程式如下所示：

CH 4 (g)+2O 2 (g) ® CO(g)+2H 2 O(l)

（i）完成下表。寫出在甲烷的燃燒中所有斷裂和形成的共價鍵（一個或多個）
。

斷裂的共價鍵

（一個或多個）

形成的共價鍵

（一個或多個）

（ii）根據共價鍵的斷裂和形成，提出為什麼這燃燒是放熱的。

10
 （ii）計算甲烷的標準燃燒焓變。
-1 -1
（標準生成焓變 CH4(g)= -748 kJ mol ; CO2(g) = -3935 kJ mol ;
-1
H2O(l) = -2859 kJ mol ）

（5 分）

（c）某些地區傾向較多以天然氣而較少以煤來發電。從環保考慮，提出兩個原因。

（2 分）

11
2.

考慮下列的反應：

（1） CO 2 (g)+CaO(s) ® CaCO3 (s) DH1

（2） NH 3 (g)+HBr(g) ® NH 4 Br(s) DH 2

（3） HF(aq)+NaOH(aq) ® NaF(aq)+H 2 O(l) DH 3

（4） NaHCO3 (aq)+HCl(aq) ® NaCl(aq)+CO 2 (g)+H 2 O(l) DH 4

下列哪個代表中和焓變？

A. DH1

B. DH 2

C. DH 3

D. DH 4

2.

考慮下列的反應：

（1） CO 2 (g)+CaO(s) ® CaCO3 (s) DH1

（2） NH 3 (g)+HBr(g) ® NH 4 Br(s) DH 2

（3） HF(aq)+NaOH(aq) ® NaF(aq)+H 2 O(l) DH 3

（4） NaHCO3 (aq)+HCl(aq) ® NaCl(aq)+CO 2 (g)+H 2 O(l) DH 4

下列哪個代表中和焓變？

A. DH1

B. DH 2

C. DH 3

D. DH 4

12
1. （a）CnH2n+2 1

（b）（i） 1
1
斷裂的共價鍵 C-H 和 O=O

形成的共價鍵 C=O 和 H-O

（ii）鍵形成過程所釋岀的能量總和，多於鍵斷裂過程所吸收的能量 1

總和。
O O O O
（iii） DH c = DH f [CO 2 (g)] + 2DH f [H 2O(l)] - DH f [CH 4 (g)] 2

= (-393.5) + 2(-285.9) - (-74.8)

= -890.5(KJ mol-1 )

（c）● 天然氣較能完全燃燒但煤卻不。/ 1

燃燒煤時會產生煙灰/一氧化碳，但燃燒天然氣卻不會。

● 相對天然氣，煤帶有較多雜質。/ 1

燃燒煤時會產生較多污染物，例如 SO2、金屬化合物廛埃。

(a) CnH2n+2 1
(b) (i) 1
Covalent bond(s) broken C-H and O=O 1

Covalent bond(s) formed C=O and H-O

(ii) The total energy released in the bond forming process is larger than the 1
total energy 1absorbed in the bond breaking process.
O O O O
(iii) DH c = DH f [CO 2 (g)] + 2DH f [H 2O(l)] - DH f [CH 4 (g)] 2

= (-393.5) + 2(-285.9) - (-74.8)

= -890.5(KJ mol-1 )
(c) ● Natural gas burns more completely but coal does not./ 1
Burning coal would produce soot/ carbon monoxide but burning
natural gas would not
● Compared with natural gas, coal contains more impurities./ 1
Burning coal would produce more pollutants, such as SO2, metal
compound dust.

13
1.Which of the following reactions is endothermic?
2+ 2+
A. Zn(s) + Cu (aq) ® Zn (aq) + Cu(s)
+ 2+
B. CaCO3 (s) + 2H (aq) ® Ca (aq) + H 2O(l) + CO 2 (g)

C. 2C4 H10 (g) + 13O 2 (g) ® 8CO 2 (g) + 10H 2O(l)

D. C9 H 20 (l) ® C 2 H 6 (g) + C3H 6 (g) + C 4 H 8 (g)

2.
Standard enthalpy changes of several reactions, as denoted by x, y and z respectively, are listed in
the table below.
-1
Reaction Standard enthalpy change/ kJ mol

C(s) + O 2 (g) ® CO 2 (g) x

1
H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) ® H 2O(l) y
2
C(s) + 2H 2 (g) ® CH 4 (g) z

For the reaction CH 4 (g) + 2O 2 (g) ® CO 2 (g) + 2H 2O(l) , which of the following is a
reasonable estimate of its standard enthalpy change?
A. x + y - z

B. - x - y + z

C. x + 2y - z

D. - x - 2y + z

3.
In an experiment, 10.0 g of KCl(s) was added to 100 cm3 of water. The mixture was then stirred until
all the kCl(s) dissolved. The temperature of the mixture was found to drop by 5.5℃. what is the
-1
molar enthalpy change, in kJ mol , of the dissolving process of KCl(s) under the conditions of
the experiment?
-1 -1 -3
(Specific heat capacity of the mixture = 4.2J g K ; Density of water = 1.0g cm ; Relative
atomic masses: K=39.1, Cl= 35.5)
A. 2.31
B. 2.54
C. 17.23
D. 18.96

14
4.
In an experiment to determine the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol, a calorimeter
containing 200.0 g of water was used. Burning 0.185 g of ethanol caused the temperature of
the water in the calorimeter to rise by 6.0℃.
(a) Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up used in the experiment.

(b) Assuming that the heat capacity of the calorimeter is negligible, calculate the enthalpy
change of combustion of ethanol, in kJ mol under the conditions of the experiment.
-1 -1
(Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2J g K )

(c) State ONE other assumption made in your calculation.

15
1.

下列哪個反應是吸熱的？
2+ 2+
A. Zn(s) + Cu (aq) ® Zn (aq) + Cu(s)
+ 2+
B. CaCO3 (s) + 2H (aq) ® Ca (aq) + H 2O(l) + CO 2 (g)

C. 2C4 H10 (g) + 13O 2 (g) ® 8CO 2 (g) + 10H 2O(l)

D. C9 H 20 (l) ® C 2 H 6 (g) + C3H 6 (g) + C 4 H 8 (g)

2.

下表列出了數個反應的標準焓變，分別記作 x、y 和 z。
-1
反應 標準焓孌/ kJ mol

C(s) + O 2 (g) ® CO 2 (g) x

1
H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) ® H 2O(l) y
2
C(s) + 2H 2 (g) ® CH 4 (g) z

對於反應 CH 4 (g) + 2O 2 (g) ® CO 2 (g) + 2H 2O(l) 而言，以下哪項是它的標準焓變的合理

估算值？

A. x + y - z

B. - x - y + z

C. x + 2y - z

D. - x - 2y + z

(6 marks)
3.

在一實驗中，把 10.0g 的 KCl(s)加入 100cm3 的水，然後攪拌混合物。待所有 KCl(s)溶解後，測

-1
得混合物的溫度下降了 5.5℃。在實驗條件下 KCl(s)溶解過程的摩爾焓變（以 kJ mol 表
示）是多少？
-1 -1 -3
（混合物的比熱容 = 4.2J g K ；水的密度 = 1.0g cm 相對原子質量：K=39.1，
C1=35.5）

A. 2.31
B. 2.54
C. 17.23

16
 D. 18.96

4.

在一個測定乙醇的燃燒焓變的實驗裏，用了一個盛載 200.0g 水的量熱器。燃燒 0.185g 的乙

醇，爷量熱器中的水溫上升了 6.0℃。

（a）繪一標示圖以顯示這實驗所用的裝置。

（b）假設該量熱器的熱容小至可被略去，計算在實驗倸件下乙醇的燃燒焓孌（以
kJ mol-1 單位表示）
-1 -1
（水的比熱容 = 4.2J g K ）

（c）寫出在計算中的另外一項假設。

17
 （6 分）

4. (a) 2

(1 mark for an alcohol lamp containing some ethanol; 1 mark for a

calorimeter containing some water.)
(b) Heat released = 200 ´ 4.2 ´ 6
= 5040J (or 5.04k) 1

0.185
No, of moles of C2H5OH(l) burnt =
(12.0 ´ 2 + 1.0 ´ 6 + 16.0)

=4.02 ´10-3

1
Enthalpy change of combustion of C2H5OH(l)
5.04
=-
4.02 ´10-3

= -1254 kJ mol-1

1
(c) No heat loss to the surroundings
any one 1
The ethanol undergoes complete combustion

18