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MPMC Introduction
MPMC Introduction
Mr. Anand H. D.
RISC Architecture
➢ The term RISC stands for ‘’Reduced Instruction Set Computer’’.
➢ This is a small or reduced set of instructions.
➢ Here, every instruction is expected to attain very small jobs.
➢ In this machine, the instruction sets are modest and simple.
➢ Each instruction is of a similar length; these are wound together to get compound tasks done in a single
operation.
➢ Most commands are completed in one machine cycle. This pipelining is a crucial technique used to speed
up RISC machines.
Characteristics
➢ Pipeline architecture
➢ The number of instructions is restricted as well as decrease
➢ The instructions like load as well as store have right of entry to memory
➢ Addressing modes are less
➢ Instruction is uniform and its format can be simplified
Advantages:
➢ The performance of this processor is good because of the easy & limited no. of the
instruction set.
➢ This processor uses several transistors in the design and cheaper.
➢ it can finish its task within a single clock cycle.
Disadvantages:
➢ The performance of this processor may change based on the executed code because
the next commands may depend on the earlier instruction for their implementation
within a cycle.
➢ The complex instruction is frequently used by the compilers and programmers
Advantages:
➢ In the CISC processor, the compiler needs a small effort to change the program or
statement from high-level to assembly otherwise machine language.
➢ A single instruction can be executed by using different low-level tasks
➢ It doesn’t use much memory due to a short length of code.
➢ CISC utilizes less instruction set to execute the same instruction as the RISC.
➢ The instruction can be stored within RAM on every CISC
Disadvantages:
➢ As compared with the RISC processor, CISC processors are very slow while executing
every instruction cycle on every program.
➢ The pipeline execution within the CISC will make it difficult to use.
➢ The machine performance reduces because of the low speed of the clock.
RISC CISC
RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set
Computer. Computer.
RISC processors have simple instructions CSIC processor has complex instructions
taking about one clock cycle. that take up multiple clocks for execution.
Performance is optimized with more focus Performance is optimized with more focus
on software on hardware.
The instruction set is reduced i.e. it has The instruction set has a variety of different
only a few instructions in the instruction instructions that can be used for complex
set. Many of these instructions are very operations.
primitive.
Complex addressing modes are synthesized CISC already supports complex addressing
using the software. modes
Multiple register sets are present Only has a single register set
RISC CISC
RISC processors are highly pipelined They are normally not pipelined or less
pipelined
Execution time is very less Execution time is very high
Code expansion can be a problem Code expansion is not a problem
The decoding of instructions is simple. It requires external memory for
calculations
The most common RISC microprocessors Examples of CISC processors are the
are Alpha, ARC, ARM, AVR, MIPS, PA- System/360, VAX, PDP-11, Motorola
RISC, PIC, Power Architecture, and 68000 family, AMD, and Intel x86 CPUs.
SPARC.
RISC architecture is used in high-end CISC architecture is used in low-end
applications such as video processing, applications such as security systems,
telecommunications, and image home automation, etc
processing.
Harvard Architecture:
Architecture.
CPU can not access instructions and read/write CPU can access instructions and read/write at
at the same time. the same time
It is used in personal computers and small It is used in micro controllers and signal
computers. processing.
Prof. Anand H. D.
M. Tech. (PhD.)
Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-56
Email: anandanihd@gmail.com
Phone: 9844518832
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