J. Myanmar Acad. Arts Sci. 2020 Vol. XVIII. No.

6B

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488 J. Myanmar Acad. Arts Sci. 2020 Vol. XVIII. No.6B

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J. Myanmar Acad. Arts Sci. 2020 Vol. XVIII. No.6B 489

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490 J. Myanmar Acad. Arts Sci. 2020 Vol. XVIII. No.6B

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J. Myanmar Acad. Arts Sci. 2020 Vol. XVIII. No.6B 491

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492 J. Myanmar Acad. Arts Sci. 2020 Vol. XVIII. No.6B

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w&m;0ifvufxyf&ef ]]BuD;BuD;}} ESifh ]]tdkif&if;}} wdkYu twif;wdkufwGef;aomaMumifh tdrfwGif
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csdefwGif vufxyfpmcsKyfudk csufcsif;yifrD;½IdUzsufqD;cJhonf/ vufxyfjcif;onf vlom;ESpfOD;\
b0ESpfckudkem;vnfcGifhvTwfrI? opöm&SdrIwdkY0ef;&Hum b0topfwpfcktjzpf aygif;pyfzefwD;xm;
jcif; jzpfonf[laom av;eufonfhoabmudk vufrcHbJ ? rdrdpdwfwdkif;us jc,fvS,fvdkaom?
rdrdqE´&SdvßSif vlUusifh0wfudk tvG,fwul csdK;azmufwwfaom udk,fusifhw&m;&Sdoljzpfonf/
udkwifazESifh vufxyfxm;NyD;jzpfaomfvnf; tjcm;EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;ESifh taysmf&Smwwfjcif;onf
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]]armifazNrdKif}}tm; ydkifqdkiforQtarGypönf;rsm;udk pmcsKyfpmwrf;tcdkiftrmjzifh ay;tyfcJhjcif;onf
om;orD;tem*wftwGuf tajrmftjrif&Sd&Sd aqmif½Gufay;wwfaom rdcifarwåmxif&Sm;ap
aomaMumifh aumif;jrwfonfh udk,fusifhw&m;udk azmfaqmifygonf/ ]]NrdKif}}onfolUpdwfESifh
rudkufnDvQif vludkvl[koabmrxm;bJ? oufrJhypönf;tjzpfoabmxm;í tokH;cswwfaom
udk,fusifhw&m;&SdoljzpfaMumif; tjcm;ZmwfaqmifwdkY\ tawG;jzifhzefwD;xm;onf/ udkwifazESihf
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owfrSwfxm;onf/ wu,fawmhudkwifazonf ukefavSmif½kH? *dka'gifxJrSol
J. Myanmar Acad. Arts Sci. 2020 Vol. XVIII. No.6B 493

0,f,lodkavSmifxm;aom ypönf;rSr[kwfbJ/ udkwifazxHrS aiGtiftm;udkvnf;

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ol&ifxJu rvdkvm;Edkifyg/ olUESvkH;om;axmifh wpfae&mrSm0efwdkrIu jyLxGufae
onf/}} (cifESif;,k? 2014? 141)
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ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aexdkifcJhaom jrefrmtrsdK;orD;wpfOD;\ t,lvGJrSm;rIonf ]]ysm;&nftdkifv,f
0J*,ufrSm pkH;pkH;ûryfoGm;&onftxd aMumufrufzG,faumif;ykHudk ]]NrdKif}} [laom Zmwfaqmif
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awGUjrifEdkifonf/ rnfonfht&mudkrßS vTrf;rdk;csKyfudkifEdkifpGrf; r&SdawmhaMumif;od&SdqifjcifrdcsdefwGif
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cscJhaomfvnf; udkwifazESifh awGUrSrsuf&nfus&aMumif; 0efcHcsufrsm;onf ]]NrdKif}}\ p½dkuf&Sif
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bJ xif&mpdkif;ûyrlwwfol? olwpfyg;cHpm;csufudk xnfhrpOf;pm;wwfol? *g&0w&m;r&SdbJ wpfOD;
wnf;aom BuD;BuD;\apwempum; qkH;roGefoifrIrsm;udk vspfvsL½Iwwfol? jrñdkwdkY om;trd\
cHpm;csufudkapmfum;í armufarmufrmrmqufqHwwfol? olwdkY\avmu"Hudk BuHUBuHU cHEdkifaom
tm;rmefudk aMumufwwfoltjzpf b0udkpdwfwdkif;usykHazmfcJhonf/ ]]NrdKif}}\Zmwfaqmifp½dkuf
onf qdk;oGrf;aom tûytrlrsm;jzpfaomfvnf; ? pmzwfolwdkYpdwftm½kHwGif pGJusef&pfonf/
]]rdrdESifhxdawGUywfoufonfh ywf0ef;usiftay: y#dyu©tjrifESifh Munfhonfh
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jzpfusefapcJhonf/}} (rrdk;ajr?2009? 147)
[laom tqdktrdefYESifh okH;oyfMunfhvßSif]]NrdKif}}\ tdrfaxmifa&;oabmxm;cH,lcsufESifh ywf0ef;
usiftm;ûydifrIonf p½dkufudkxif&Sm;ay:vGifapNyD;? qifjcifzG,fb0tod? b0owdrsm;udk ay;pGrf;
Edkifonf/ cifESif;,k\0w¬Krsm;udk pGJrufESpfoufMujcif;rSm Zmwfvrf;aMumifhr[kwfbJ? pma&;ol\
avmutjrifxif[yfaeaom Zmwfaqmifp½dkufzefwD;rIaMumifh jzpfaMumif; rrdk;ajru okH;oyfxm;
ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh ysm;&nftdkif0w¬Kudk pmzwfolwdkY pGJrufjcif;onf ]]NrdKif}}\ Zmwfaqmifp½dkuf
o½kyfazmfaumif;rIaMumifhjzpfayonf/
494 J. Myanmar Acad. Arts Sci. 2020 Vol. XVIII. No.6B

ed*kH;
pma&;olu umr*kPftm½kHrsm;udk ysm;&nfESifhwifpm;í umr*kPftm½kHrsm;udk tvGeftMuL;
cHpm;csifpdwf&Sdol\ b0ed*kH;rvSykHudk qifjcifzG,ftoday;xm;ygonf/ ysm;&nfudkaq;tjzpf
wpfaeYwpfZGef;aomufvßSif tEÅ&m,fuif;aomfvnf;? ysm;&nftdkifxJ ckefqif;rdvQifaoqkH;Edkif
aomaMumifhumr*kPftm½kHwGif; tvGeftußGHvdkufpm;vßSif b0ed*kH;rvSwwfaMumif; qifjcifzG,f
b0todudk ay;pGrf;Edkifonf/

usrf;udk;pm&if;
ausmfatmif/ (1990)/ *E¦0if 10/ 'kwd,tBudrf/ &efukef? a,mrif;BuD;pmay/
cifESif;,k/ (2018)/ ysm;&nftdkif/ &efukef? uHhaumf0wf&nfpmay/
rrdk;ajr/ (2009)/ 0w¬K&Snfoabmw&m;? 0w¬K&Snftwwfynm/ &efukef? a½TuHhaumfpmay/