MODULE 4

MICROCONTROLLER 8051 PERIPHERALS

Dr. Shelja

Assistant Professor (Sr. Gr. 1),

School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE),

VIT Vellore
 I/O PORT
• 8051 microcontrollers have 4 I/O ports each of
8-bit, which can be configured as input or
output.
• Hence, total 32 input/output pins allow the
microcontroller to be connected with the
peripheral devices.
• All the ports upon RESET configured as input
ports.
• Pin configuration, i.e. the pin can be configured
as 1 for input and 0 for output as per the logic
state.

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 PORT 0
• All the circuits within the microcontroller must be connected to
one of its pins except P0 port because it does not have built-in
pull-up resistors.
• To use the pins of port 0 as both input and output ports, each
pin must be connected externally to a 10K ohm pull-up resistor.
• Normal use of Port 0:
ORG 0
BACK: MOV A,#55h
MOV P0,A
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#AAh
MOV P0,A
ACALL DELAY

SJMP BACK
Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT
 PORT 0 AS
INPUT • In order to make port 0 as input port , the port
must be programmed by writing 1 to all the
bits.
• Example:
MOV A, #0FFH
MOV P0,A ; make P0 an input port
BACK: MOV A, P0 ; get data from port 0
MOV P1, A ;send it to P1
SJMP BACK

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 DUAL ROLE • The P0 (zero) port is characterized by two
functions −
OF PORT 0
• When the external memory is used then the
lower address byte (addresses A0-A7) is
applied on it, else all bits of this port are
configured as input/output.

• When P0 port is configured as an output then

other ports consisting of pins with built-in
pull-up resistor connected by its end to 5V
power supply, the pins of this port have this
resistor left out.

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 PORT 1 • P1 is a true I/O port as it doesn’t have any
alternative functions as in P0, but this port
can be configured as general I/O only.
• It has a built-in pull-up resistors.
• Normal use of Port 1:
ORG 0
MOV A,#55h

BACK:MOV P1,A

ACALL DELAY
CPL A
SJMP BACK

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 PORT 1 AS
INPUT • In order to make port 1 as input port , the port
must be programmed by writing 1 to all the
bits.
• Example:
MOV A, #0FFH
MOV P1,A ; make P1 an input port
MOV A, P1 ; get data from port 1
MOV R7, A ;save it in R7 reg
ACALL DELAY ;call delay
MOV A, P1 ; get data from port 1
MOV R6, A ; save it in R6 reg

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 PORT 2 • P2 is similar to P0 when the external memory is
used.
• Pins of this port occupy addresses intended for the
external memory chip.
• This port can be used for higher address byte with
addresses A8-A15.
• When no memory is added then this port can be
used as a general input/output port similar to Port 1
• It also has built-in pull-up resistors.

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 Example: Write a test ORG 0
BACK: MOV A,#55H
program for the MOV P0,A
ds89c4x0 chip to toggle MOV P1,A
MOV P2,A
all the bits of P0, P1, and ACALL QSDELAY ;Quarter of a second delay
P2 every 1/4 of a second. MOV A,#0AAH
Assume a crystal MOV
MOV
P0,A
P1,A
frequency of 11.0592 MOV P2,A
MHz. ACALL
SJMP
QSDELAY
BACK
;-----------1/4 SECOND DELAY
QSDELAY: MOV R5, #11
H3: MOV R4, #248
H2: MOV R3, #255
H1: DJNZ R3, H1 ;4 MC for DS89C4x0
DJNZ R4, H2
DJNZ R5, H3
RET
END

Delay = 11 x 248 x 255 x 4 MC x 90 ns = 250,430 µs

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT
 PORT 3
• P3 can be used as input or output port as P1 and
P2.
• It also has built-in pull-up resistors.
• P3 has additional function of providing some
externally important signals such as interrupts.
• P3.0 and P3.1 are used for RxD and Txd serial
communication signals.
• P3.2 and P3.3 are set aside for external
interrupts.
• P3.4 and P3.5 are used for timer 0 and 1.
• P3.6 and P3.7 are used to provide the write and
read signals for external memories.
Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT
 I/O PORTS BIT
ADDRESSABILITY
• Sometimes we need use only one or
two bits instead of entire 8 pins.
• For this purpose, the ports of 8051
has powerful functionality of bit
addressable.

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 Write the following programs.
(a) Create a square wave of 50% duty cycle on bit 0 of port 1.
(b) Create a square wave of 66% duty cycle on bit 3 of port 1.

(a) The 50% duty cycle means that the “on” and “off” states (or the high and low portions of the pulse) have the same
length. Therefore, we toggle P1.0 with a time delay in between each state.
HERE: SETB P1.0 ;set to high bit 0 of port 1
LCALL DELAY ;call the delay subroutine
CLR P1.0 ;P1.0=0
LCALL DELAY
SJMP HERE ;keep doing it

Another way to write the above program is:

HERE: CPL P1.0 ;complement bit 0 of port 1

LCALL DELAY ;call the delay subroutine
SJMP HERE ;keep doing it

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 (b) The 66% duty cycle means the “on” state is twice the “off” state.

BACK: SETB P1.3 ;set port 1 bit 3 high

LCALL DELAY ;call the delay subroutine
LCALL DELAY ;call the delay subroutine again
CLR P1.3 ;clear bit 2 of port 1(P1.3=low)
LCALL DELAY ;call the delay subroutine
SJMP BACK ;keep doing it

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 Write a program to perform the following:
(a) keep monitoring the P1.2 bit until it becomes high
(b) when P1.2 becomes high, write value 45H to port 0
(c) send a high-to-low (H-to-L) pulse to P2.3

SETB P1.2 ;make P1.2 an input

MOV A,#45H ;A=45H
AGAIN: JNB P1.2,AGAIN ;get out when P1.2=1
MOV P0,A ;issue A to P0
SETB P2.3 ;make P2.3 high
CLR P2.3 ;make P2.3 low for H-to-L
Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT
EXAMPLE • Assume that bit P2.3 is an input and
represents the condition of an oven.
• If it goes high, it means that the oven
is hot.
• Monitor the bit continuously.
• Whenever it goes high, send a high-to-
low pulse to port P1.5 to turn on a
buzzer.
SETB P2.3 ;make P2.3 an input
HERE:JNB P2.3,HERE ;keep monitoring for high
SETB P1.5 ;set bit P1.5=1
CLR P1.5 ;make high-to-low
SJMP HERE ;keep repeating
Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT
 A switch is connected to pin P1.7. Write a program to check the status
of SW and perform the following:
(a) If SW=0, send letter ‘N’ to P2.
(b) If SW=1, send letter ‘Y’ to P2.

SETB P1.7 ;make P1.7 an input

AGAIN: JB P1.7,OVER ;jump if P1.7=1
MOV P2,#'N' ;SW=0, issue 'N' to P2
SJMP AGAIN ;keep monitoring
OVER: MOV P2,#'Y' ;SW=1, issue 'Y' to P2
SJMP AGAIN ;keep monitoring

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 A switch is connected to pin P1.7. Write a program to check the status of the switch and perform the
following:
(a) If switch = 0, send letter ‘N’ to P2.
(b) If switch = 1, send letter ‘Y’ to P2.
Use the carry flag to check the switch status. This is a repeat of the last example.

SETB P1.7 ;make P1.7 an input

AGAIN: MOV C,P1.7 ;read the SW status into CF
JC OVER ;jump if SW = 1
MOV P2,#'N' ;SW = 0, issue 'N' to P2
SJMP AGAIN ;keep monitoring
OVER: MOV P2,#'Y' ;SW = 1, issue 'Y' to P2
SJMP AGAIN ;keep monitoring

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 A switch is connected to pin P1.0 and an LED to pin P2.7. Write a program to get the status of the
switch and send it to the LED.

SETB P1.0 ;make P1.0 an input

AGAIN: MOV C,P1.0 ;read the SW status into CF
MOV P2.7,C ;send the SW status to LED
SJMP AGAIN ;keep repeating

Note: The instruction “MOV P2.7, P1.0” is wrong since

such an instruction does not exist. However, “MOV P2,
P1” is a valid instruction.

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT

 THANK
YOU

Module 4, Microprocessor & Microcontroller, SENSE VIT