Medium of instruction

At primary and secondary school levels, the government maintains a policy of "mother tongue instruction"; most schools use Cantonese as the medium
of instruction, with written education in both Chinese and English. Other languages being used as medium of instruction in non-international school
education include English and Putonghua (Standard Mandarin Chinese). Secondary schools emphasise "bi-literacy and tri-lingualism", which has
encouraged the proliferation of spoken Mandarin language education.[340]

English is the official medium of instruction and assessments for most university programmes in Hong Kong, although use of Cantonese is predominant
in informal discussions among local students and professors.[341][342][343][344][345][346]

Tertiary education

University of Hong Kong main building

Hong Kong has eleven universities. The University of Hong Kong (HKU) was founded as the city's first institute of higher education during the early
colonial period in 1911.[347] The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) was established in 1963 to fill the need for a university that taught using
Chinese as its primary language of instruction.[348] Along with the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) established in 1991, these
universities are consistently ranked among the top 50 or top 100 universities worldwide.[349][350][351]

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU)[352] and City University of Hong Kong (CityU), both granted university status in 1994, are consistently
ranked among the top 100 or top 200 universities worldwide.[349][350][351] The Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) was granted university status in
1994[353] and is a liberal arts institution. Lingnan University,[354] Education University of Hong Kong,[355] Hong Kong Metropolitan University (formerly Open
University of Hong Kong),[356] Hong Kong Shue Yan University[357] and Hang Seng University of Hong Kong all attained full university status in
subsequent years.

Media
Main article: Media of Hong Kong

TVB City, headquarters of Hong Kong's first over-the-air television

station
Most of the newspapers in Hong Kong are written in Chinese but there are also a few English-language newspapers. The major one is the South China
Morning Post, with The Standard serving as a business-oriented alternative. A variety of Chinese-language newspapers are published daily; the most
prominent are Ming Pao and Oriental Daily News. Local publications are often politically affiliated, with pro-Beijing or pro-democracy sympathies. The
central government has a print-media presence in the territory through the state-owned Ta Kung Pao and Wen Wei Po.[358] Several international
publications have regional operations in Hong Kong, including The Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, The New York Times International
Edition, USA Today, Yomiuri Shimbun, and The Nikkei.[359]

Three free-to-air television broadcasters operate in the territory; TVB, HKTVE, and Hong Kong Open TV air eight digital channels.[360] TVB, Hong Kong's
dominant television network, has an 80% viewer share.[361] Pay TV services operated by Cable TV Hong Kong and PCCW offer hundreds of additional
channels and cater to a variety of audiences.[360] RTHK is the public broadcaster, providing seven radio channels and three television channels.[362] Ten
non-domestic broadcasters air programming for the territory's foreign population.[360] Access to media and information over the Internet is not subject to
mainland Chinese regulations, including the Great Firewall, yet local control applies.[363]
 See also

 Hong Kong portal

 China portal

 Index of articles related to Hong Kong

 Outline of Hong Kong

Notes

1. ^ Jump up to:a b No specific variety of Chinese is official in the territory. Residents predominantly speak Cantonese, the de facto regional standard.[1][2][3]
2. ^ Jump up to:a b For all government use, documents written using Traditional Chinese characters are authoritative over ones inscribed with Simplified
Chinese characters.[4] English shares equal status with Chinese in all official proceedings.[5]
3. ^ Except for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Link Road, which drives on the right.[16]

4. ^
 US: /ˈhɒŋkɒŋ/ or UK: /hɒŋˈkɒŋ/; Chinese: 香港; Jyutping: Hoeng1 gong2; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng, Cantonese: [hœ́ ːŋ.kɔ̌ ːŋ] ⓘ
 Officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong
SAR or HKSAR; Chinese: 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkē